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Seeds – Part 3

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Seeds – Part 3 1. Dormancy b.) Primary: dormancy that is initiated during seed development i. Exogenous 1) Physical – e.g., seed coat, fruit parts Scarification may be needed 2) Chemical – chemicals produced by seed or fruit Leaching may be needed ii. Endogenous A) non-deep, intermediate, deep 2) Physiological – including: 1) Morphological – embryo is not fully developed B) e.g., photodormancy, after-ripening, stratification
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Page 1: Seeds – Part 3

Seeds – Part 3

1. Dormancy

b.) Primary: dormancy that is initiated during seed development

i. Exogenous 1) Physical – e.g., seed coat, fruit parts Scarification may be needed

2) Chemical – chemicals produced by seed or fruit Leaching may be needed

ii. Endogenous

A) non-deep, intermediate, deep 2) Physiological – including: 1) Morphological – embryo is not fully developed

B) e.g., photodormancy, after-ripening, stratification

Page 2: Seeds – Part 3

Seeds – Part 3

http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/sun.jpg

Red light (660 nm)

Pr

Pfr

Phy protein

Phy action spectrum

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Sunlight is rich in red light, which is ~660 nm; Phytochrome red (Pr) absorbs red light and converts to phytochrome far-red, and then germinates.
http://www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/sun.jpg
Page 3: Seeds – Part 3

Seeds – Part 3

Filtered light (far-red) 730 nm

Pfr

Pr

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Filtered light is rich in far-red light. Phytochrome far-red absorbs light at 730 nm and is converted into the inactive phytochrome red form, and germination does not occur in lettuce seeds.
Page 4: Seeds – Part 3

• Seed germination in most angiosperms is under the regulation of multiple hormonal pathways and other signaling molecules.

• The gibberellin-abscisic acid (GA-ABA) balance is pivotal in controlling germination, with GA promoting and ABA inhibiting germination

• Light also controls endogenous GA and ABA levels during seed germination

• GA appears to regulate ABA catabolism during high temperature imbibition in lettuce

• Red and far-red light are sensed by five different phytochromes in Arabidopsis (PHYA to PHYE)

Role of light, ABA and GA in seed germination

Page 5: Seeds – Part 3

Germination is pretty complicated

Photoreceptors and potential light-signalling intermediates

Page 6: Seeds – Part 3

• Germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and other light-sensitive seeds are regulated by phytochrome.

• The requirement for red light is circumvented by the application of gibberellin (GA).

• The endogenous content of GA1, the main bioactive GA in lettuce seeds, increases after red-light treatment.

Key points:

Page 7: Seeds – Part 3

Gibberelic acid (GA) synthesis pathway

Page 8: Seeds – Part 3

ABA synthesis pathway

Page 9: Seeds – Part 3

Pathway to germination involves many components

Page 10: Seeds – Part 3

10

X

F1

Recombinant inbred line (RIL) ‘Diplomat’ (Iceberg) X ‘Margarita’ (Butter)

Lab exercise: characterizing the germination response of the RIL under FR24-D light environment

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here is what we did. We cross two type of lettuce Diplomant which is an iceberg type and margarita a butterhead lettuce, and we got a hybrid F1
Page 11: Seeds – Part 3

11

Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) F1

F3

….. ….. ….. …..

F4

….. ….. ….. …..

F5

….. ….. ….. …..

F6

….. ….. ….. …..

F7

….. ….. ….. …..

Single seed descent

RIL population with 131 families (Dip x Mar)

F2 ….. ….. ….. …..

F8

Page 12: Seeds – Part 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

178.2 24

311

6.2 139

218

177 88 10

118

9 83 173

124 92 16

324

022

1 410

.3 55 81 244 65 18

822

220

2 41 43 3D 89 130

138

217.2 11

119

4 28 93 12 193 3L 23

314

.1 54

Family Number

Fina

l ger

min

atio

n (%

)

Distribution of germination after exposure to FR-D among RIL (D X M)

Dormant

Non-dormant

Germination in FR24-D environment is a complex (quantitative trait)


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