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Seeing Clearly Through Seeing Clearly Through InkInk in Computer Science in Computer Science
CoursesCourses
Roy P. PargasRoy P. PargasClemson UniversityClemson University
PLT 2007, Catania, ItalyPLT 2007, Catania, Italy24 May 200724 May 2007
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
22
Where in the World isWhere in the World isClemson University?Clemson University?
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
33
PLT 2007, Catania, ItalyWhere is Clemson University?Where is Clemson University?
Clemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
44
OverviewOverview MessageGridMessageGrid
• Web-based software tool to help Web-based software tool to help promote interactivity in the classroompromote interactivity in the classroom
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
55
OverviewOverview MessageGridMessageGrid Clemson laptop mandateClemson laptop mandate Proposed SolutionProposed Solution FeaturesFeatures
• Grid, Clickers, Grid, Clickers, InkInk, Mobile, , Mobile,
Evaluating Online DiscussionsEvaluating Online Discussions Current and Future WorkCurrent and Future Work AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
66
2002 Clemson Laptop Mandate2002 Clemson Laptop Mandate
Every student is required to have a Every student is required to have a laptop computer with wireless access laptop computer with wireless access to the Internetto the Internet
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
77
The ChallengeThe Challenge
How can instructors use the laptop How can instructors use the laptop computers to advantage in and out computers to advantage in and out of the classroom?of the classroom?
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
88
Our Solution: Our Solution: MessageGridMessageGrid
Web-basedWeb-based Basic grid: rows and columnsBasic grid: rows and columns Instructor designs gridInstructor designs grid Students post original submissions or Students post original submissions or
replies to submissionsreplies to submissions Anything displayed by a browserAnything displayed by a browser
• Text, image, audio, video, animation, Text, image, audio, video, animation, Ink, Ink, mapsmaps Why use such a tool?Why use such a tool?
• Student responses to in-class exercises, presentations, Student responses to in-class exercises, presentations, online discussions, student questions, feedback from online discussions, student questions, feedback from students, …students, …
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
99
Gaining PopularityGaining Popularity
Current Users:Current Users:• English, Psychology, Nursing, Languages, English, Psychology, Nursing, Languages,
Chemistry, Freshman Engineering, Chemistry, Freshman Engineering, Mathematics, Performing Arts, Computer Mathematics, Performing Arts, Computer Science, Mechanical EngineeringScience, Mechanical Engineering
Uses:Uses:• Recitation, reading assignment, collaborative Recitation, reading assignment, collaborative
writing, in-class exercises, PowerPoint writing, in-class exercises, PowerPoint presentation review, team project presentation review, team project collaboration, faculty meetingscollaboration, faculty meetings
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1010
EvolutionEvolution
Every semester since January
2004, more instructors use MessageGrid
At semester’s end, instructors discuss possible improvements
Suggestions with most instructor
support are implemented
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1111
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1212
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
MessageGrid
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1313
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
MessageGrid
Basic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1414
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
Clickers:Assessment/Polling
MessageGrid
Basic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1515
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
Clickers:Assessment/Polling
MessageGrid
Basic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1616
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
Clickers:Assessment/Polling
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text
Mobile: Images, video, audio, GPS, and text in a portable, handheld grid
MessageGrid
Basic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1717
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid FeaturesBasic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students
Clickers:Assessment/Polling
Discussion: Rubric to facilitate evaluation of online discussions
MessageGrid
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text
Mobile: Images, video, audio, GPS, and text in a portable, handheld grid
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1818
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid FeaturesBasic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students(FIE 2005, ITiCSE 2006)
Clickers:Assessment/Polling(SIGCSE 2006)
Discussion: Rubric to facilitate evaluation of online discussions
MessageGrid
New!New!
New!New!
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text (PLT 2007)
Mobile: Images, video, audio, GPS, and text in a portable, handheld grid
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
1919
Current MessageGrid FeaturesCurrent MessageGrid Features
MessageGrid
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text (PLT 2007)
FOCUS
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2020
MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Students with Tablet PCs or WACOM Students with Tablet PCs or WACOM Graphire Tablets can submit Graphire Tablets can submit Ink Ink answers to questionsanswers to questions
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2121
MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2222
MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2323
MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2424
Classroom ExperimentClassroom Experiment
CPSC 212: Data Structures and AlgorithmsCPSC 212: Data Structures and Algorithms• Fall 2006Fall 2006• 26 students26 students• Sophomore/Junior levelSophomore/Junior level• Computer Science, Math, Science MajorsComputer Science, Math, Science Majors
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2525
Classroom ExperimentClassroom Experiment
CPSC 212: Data Structures and AlgorithmsCPSC 212: Data Structures and Algorithms• Fall 2006Fall 2006• 26 students26 students• Sophomore/Junior levelSophomore/Junior level• Computer Science, Math, Science MajorsComputer Science, Math, Science Majors
WACOM Graphire TabletsWACOM Graphire Tablets
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2626
Using WACOM Graphire TabletsUsing WACOM Graphire Tablets
Today, not many Clemsonstudents have Tablet PCs
WACOM Graphire tabletsWACOM Graphire tabletsprovided at start of each classprovided at start of each class
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2727
Much research on active vs. passive learningMuch research on active vs. passive learning• Reduced lecture and active learningReduced lecture and active learning• Theory: learning is best achieved when students Theory: learning is best achieved when students
actively participate in learning processactively participate in learning process
Classroom ExperimentClassroom Experiment
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2828
Much research on active vs. passive learningMuch research on active vs. passive learning• Reduced lecture and active learningReduced lecture and active learning• Theory: learning is best achieved when students Theory: learning is best achieved when students
actively participate in learning processactively participate in learning process
Suggested to promote active learningSuggested to promote active learning• Collaborative activities after brief lectureCollaborative activities after brief lecture• Anonymous quizzes at end of activity periodAnonymous quizzes at end of activity period• Team-answered test questionsTeam-answered test questions
Classroom ExperimentClassroom Experiment
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
2929
Classroom ExperimentClassroom Experiment
Modified course lecture/lab structureModified course lecture/lab structure
Four types of in-class exercisesFour types of in-class exercises• Mathematics ReviewMathematics Review• Data Structure BehaviorData Structure Behavior• Code DevelopmentCode Development• Analysis of AlgorithmsAnalysis of Algorithms
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3030
Mathematics ReviewMathematics Review First week of semester, variety of exercisesFirst week of semester, variety of exercises Some answers were keyed, others Some answers were keyed, others InkedInked
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3131
Mathematics ReviewMathematics Review First week of semester, variety of exercisesFirst week of semester, variety of exercises Some answers were keyed, others Some answers were keyed, others InkedInked
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3232
Data Structure BehaviorData Structure Behavior Example: Enter the following values into a binary search tree: Example: Enter the following values into a binary search tree:
6, 9, 13, 8, 5, 7, …6, 9, 13, 8, 5, 7, … Some answers keyed, others Some answers keyed, others InkedInked
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3333
Data Structure BehaviorData Structure Behavior Example: Enter the following values into a binary search tree: Example: Enter the following values into a binary search tree:
6, 9, 13, 8, 5, 7, …6, 9, 13, 8, 5, 7, … Some answers keyed, others Some answers keyed, others InkedInked
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3434
Code DevelopmentCode Development Key a recursive Key a recursive
method that counts method that counts the leaves of a the leaves of a binary treebinary tree
InkInk a recursive a recursive algorithm that algorithm that counts the number counts the number of nodes with exactly of nodes with exactly one childone child
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3535
Code DevelopmentCode Development Key a recursive Key a recursive
method that counts method that counts the leaves of a the leaves of a binary treebinary tree
InkInk a recursive a recursive algorithm that algorithm that counts the number counts the number of nodes with exactly of nodes with exactly one childone child
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3636
Analysis of AlgorithmsAnalysis of Algorithms Analyze the Tower of Hanoi problemAnalyze the Tower of Hanoi problem Had not yet covered Proof by InductionHad not yet covered Proof by Induction Students allowed to key or Students allowed to key or Ink Ink answers answers
(about 1/3 used (about 1/3 used InkInk))
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3737
Analysis of AlgorithmsAnalysis of Algorithms Analyze the Tower of Hanoi problemAnalyze the Tower of Hanoi problem Had not yet covered Proof by InductionHad not yet covered Proof by Induction Students allowed to key or Students allowed to key or Ink Ink answers (about 1/3 used answers (about 1/3 used InkInk))
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3838
Questions SA A D SD a) Keying math expressions and equations is difficult 4 10 9 3 b) Inking math expressions and equations is difficult 2 2 8 13 c) I prefer to write math equations using Ink than keyboard 8 9 3 3 d) Keying descriptions of data structures is difficult 15 8 3 e) Drawing data structures using Ink is difficult 1 9 15 1 f) I prefer to draw data structures using Ink than keyboard 14 11 1 g) Inking tree traversal is difficult 7 15 3 h) Keying tree traversal is difficult 1 2 9 14 i) I prefer to specify traversal using Ink than keyboard 3 6 10 5 j) Keying short algorithms is difficult 1 6 19 k) Inking short algorithms is difficult 11 5 9 1 l) I prefer to write algorithms using Ink than keyboard 2 8 15 m) Justifying complexity of TOH using Ink is difficult 2 11 7 2 n) Justifying complexity of TOH using keyboard is difficult 1 7 15 3
Assessment: Preferences Assessment: Preferences ((Inking Inking vs. Keying)vs. Keying)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
3939
Questions SA A D SD
I prefer reduced lecture, more student activity 11 11 3
I prefer a more traditional lecture class format 14 10
In-class exercises help me understand course material 14 12
Having others see my responses embarrasses me 7 7 8
Posting my picture on MessageGrid embarrasses me 14 10
Posting an interesting fact about me embarrasses me 13 12
Assessment: Preferences Assessment: Preferences (Class Format)(Class Format)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4040
Preferred Percentage for LecturePreferred Percentage for Lecture
Question 30 40 50 60 70
Preferred percentage for lecture, given reduced lecture
2 8 5 8 2
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4141
Ease of UseEase of Use
Questions SA A D SD
Inking responses in MessageGrid is difficult 1 6 13 5
Keying responses in MessageGrid is difficult 4 14 8
MessageGrid is easy to use 13 12 1
WACOM tablets are easy to use 2 17 3 1
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4242
Using MessageGrid Using MessageGrid Ink Ink in Algebra in Algebra and Calculus Coursesand Calculus Courses
Tablet PC-Enabled Active Learning in Tablet PC-Enabled Active Learning in Mathematics: A First StudyMathematics: A First Study
Presentation by Marilyn Reba and Presentation by Marilyn Reba and Barbara Weaver at 4:30 pm todayBarbara Weaver at 4:30 pm today
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4343
Using MessageGrid Using MessageGrid Ink Ink in Algebra in Algebra and Calculus Coursesand Calculus Courses
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4444
Using MessageGrid Using MessageGrid Ink Ink in Algebra in Algebra and Calculus Coursesand Calculus Courses
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4545
Using MessageGrid Using MessageGrid Ink Ink in Algebra in Algebra and Calculus Coursesand Calculus Courses
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4646
Using MessageGrid Using MessageGrid Ink Ink in Algebra in Algebra and Calculus Coursesand Calculus Courses
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4747
Current / Future WorkCurrent / Future Work
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4848
Basic Grid: Feedback/submissions from students(FIE 2005, ITiCSE 2006)
Clickers:Assessment/Polling(SIGCSE 2006)
Discussion: Rubric to facilitate evaluation of online discussions
MessageGrid
New!New!
New!New!
Ink: Submitting diagrams and equations, rather than text (PLT 2007)
Mobile: Images, video, audio, GPS, and text in a portable, handheld grid
Current / Future WorkCurrent / Future Work
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
4949
Current / Future WorkCurrent / Future Work
Refine MessageGrid MobileRefine MessageGrid Mobile Refine MessageGrid DiscussionRefine MessageGrid Discussion Support Mathematics (Algebra and Support Mathematics (Algebra and
Calculus) use of MessageGrid Calculus) use of MessageGrid InkInk Provide access to MessageGrid to Provide access to MessageGrid to
limited number of non-Clemson limited number of non-Clemson facultyfaculty• If interested, please contact Roy Pargas, If interested, please contact Roy Pargas,
[email protected]@clemson.edu
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5050
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
2003-2007 (continuing) faculty fellowship grant 2003-2007 (continuing) faculty fellowship grant from Clemson University ETS-OTEI Laptop from Clemson University ETS-OTEI Laptop Faculty Development Program Faculty Development Program
2003 Microsoft Content and Curriculum 2003 Microsoft Content and Curriculum Development Grant (Tom Healy, Mgr.)Development Grant (Tom Healy, Mgr.)
2005 Microsoft Research Tablet PC and 2005 Microsoft Research Tablet PC and Computing Curriculum Grant (Jane Prey, Mgr.)Computing Curriculum Grant (Jane Prey, Mgr.)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5151
Thank you Thank you for your kind attention.for your kind attention.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5252
PLT 2007, Catania, ItalyWhere is Clemson University?Where is Clemson University?
Clemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina
Extra SlidesExtra Slides
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5454
How Can MessageGrid be Used?How Can MessageGrid be Used?
MessageGrid
Feedback from students
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5555
How Can MessageGrid be Used?How Can MessageGrid be Used?
Analyze algorithms below and select among: (1) A is O(n log n) and B is O(n), (2) A is O(log n) and B is O(n2), (3) A is O(n log n) and B is O(n2), (4) A is O(n) and B is O(log n), (5) A is O(log log n) and B is O(n2), (6) None of the above.
As an assessment/polling tool (Software Clickers)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5656
How Can MessageGrid be Used?How Can MessageGrid be Used?
Results
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5757
Individual Work or Team Individual Work or Team Discussion, Individual Discussion, Individual
Responses Responses
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5858
Student 1Student 1
Student 1
Student 2
Student 2 Student 2
Recursion ExercisesRecursion Exercises
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
5959
Pre-Lecture Reading AssignmentPre-Lecture Reading Assignment
Clickers: Ask, Clickers: Ask, then Ask Againthen Ask Again
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6161
Software ClickersSoftware Clickers
Eric MazurEric Mazur• Harvard UniversityHarvard University• Physics for non-majorsPhysics for non-majors• Hardware clickersHardware clickers
How to Become a MillionaireHow to Become a Millionaire• Lifeline question to audienceLifeline question to audience
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6262
Algorithm Analysis QuestionAlgorithm Analysis QuestionAnalyze algorithms below and select among: (1) A is O(n log n) and B is O(n), (2) A is O(log n) and B is O(n2), (3) A is O(n log n) and B is O(n2), (4) A is O(n) and B is O(log n), (5) A is O(log log n) and B is O(n2), (6) None of the above.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6363
Algorithm Analysis ResultsAlgorithm Analysis Results
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6464
Algorithm Analysis Question Algorithm Analysis Question Revisited after Peer-discussionRevisited after Peer-discussion
Correct answer: 3
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6565
Towers of Hanoi (Question)Towers of Hanoi (Question)
Brief applet demonstration of the solution to the problem for sizes n=3 and n=4
Question: How many moves does it take to solve the general n-disk problem?
Options: (1) 2n−1, (2) 2n−1−1, (3) 2n−1+1, (4) 2n+1, (5) 2n+1−1, (6) 2n+1+1, (7) 2n, (8) 2n−1, (9) 2n+1, (10) None of the above.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6666
Towers of Hanoi Towers of Hanoi (Didn’t show these results until (Didn’t show these results until
after 2after 2ndnd question asked) question asked)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6767
Towers of Hanoi (Revisited)Towers of Hanoi (Revisited)
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6868
Mystery Recursion QuestionMystery Recursion Question What does the following recursive algorithm do? What does the following recursive algorithm do? public static int Mystery(TreeNode t) {public static int Mystery(TreeNode t) { if (t == null)if (t == null) return 0;return 0; if ((t.left != null) || (t.right != null)) {if ((t.left != null) || (t.right != null)) { return Mystery(t.left) + Mystery(t.right);return Mystery(t.left) + Mystery(t.right); elseelse return 1;return 1;} // Mystery} // Mystery
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
6969
Mystery Recursion OptionsMystery Recursion Options
Options: Options: 1.1. Counts total number of nodes in the tree, Counts total number of nodes in the tree,
2.2. Counts number of interior nodes, Counts number of interior nodes,
3.3. Counts number of nodes with one child, Counts number of nodes with one child,
4.4. Adds the values of all nodes, Adds the values of all nodes,
5.5. Adds the values of all interior nodes, Adds the values of all interior nodes,
6.6. Adds the values of all leaves,Adds the values of all leaves,
7.7. None of the above. None of the above.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7070
Mystery Recursion AlgorithmMystery Recursion Algorithm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7171
Mystery Recursion (Revisited)Mystery Recursion (Revisited)
Sensed palpable unease among Sensed palpable unease among studentsstudents
When asked “Who would like to When asked “Who would like to change their answer? And from what change their answer? And from what to what?”to what?”• Six raised their handsSix raised their hands• Of whom Of whom
Four from #1 to #7Four from #1 to #7 Two from #2 to #7Two from #2 to #7
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7272
Mystery Algorithm RevisitedMystery Algorithm Revisited
+ 6 = 17
- 2 = 1
- 4 = 24
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7373
Distance Teaching / Distance Teaching / LearningLearning
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7474
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7575
Hotel Les AiglonsChamonix, France
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
15 March 2007 7:00 pm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7676
Hotel Les AiglonsChamonix, France
McAdams 119Clemson University South Carolina, USA
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
15 March 2007 7:00 pm
15 March 2007 2:00 pm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
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Desktop Sharing(Breeze Live)
Hotel Les AiglonsChamonix, France
McAdams 119Clemson University
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7878
Desktop Sharing(Breeze Live)
VoIP (Skype)
Hotel Les AiglonsChamonix, France
McAdams 119Clemson University
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
7979
Desktop Sharing(Breeze Live)
VoIP (Skype)
Interactivity(MessageGrid)
Hotel Les AiglonsChamonix, France
McAdams 119Clemson University
Conducting Class RemotelyConducting Class Remotely
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
8080
Chamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomChamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pmMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
8181
Chamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomChamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pmMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
8282
Students Absent
Chamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomChamonix, FR, My Hotel RoomMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pmMarch 15, 2007 ~7:30 pm
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
8383
Clemson Laptop MandateClemson Laptop Mandate
Every student is required to have a Every student is required to have a laptop computer with wireless access laptop computer with wireless access to the Internetto the Internet
Update:Update:
Fall 2006, Tablet Fall 2006, Tablet
PC among PC among
university recom-university recom-
mended unitsmended units
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Students with Tablet PCs can submit Students with Tablet PCs can submit Ink Ink answers to questionsanswers to questions
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
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MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
8787
MessageGrid InkMessageGrid Ink
Online DiscussionsOnline Discussions
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Online Discussion BoardOnline Discussion Board
Alternative views of grid contentAlternative views of grid content• Tree-structured content, reflecting Tree-structured content, reflecting
discussion threadsdiscussion threads
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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9090
Online Discussion BoardOnline Discussion Board
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Tree-Structured View Tree-Structured View Discussion BoardDiscussion Board
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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9292
Student EvaluationStudent Evaluation
Student Assessment Results (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
1. Clickers helps me learn the course material 8 23 12 1 1 0 0
2. Posting questions helps me recognize what is difficult in the reading
2 15 18 6 2 0 3
3. Peer-discussion in class helps me better understand the course material
15 20 10 1 0 0 0
4. Peer-discussion outside of class helps me better understand the course material
10 9 11 0 1 0 13
5. Working alone during class helps me learn better than working with seatmates
0 2 5 19 9 11 0
6. Clickers help me to focus on weaknesses in my understanding of the course material
14 19 11 1 1 0 0
7. MessageGrid is easy-to-use 10 14 16 4 2 0 0
Agree Disagree N/A
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
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Current ProjectsCurrent Projects
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Current Project:Current Project:MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
Involves:Involves:• SmartphonesSmartphones• PDAsPDAs• GPS receiversGPS receivers• Wireless and bluetooth communicationWireless and bluetooth communication
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
9595
Available Devices: SmartphonesAvailable Devices: Smartphones
Palm Treo 700w
Audiovox XV6700
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
9696
Available DevicesAvailable DevicesPDA, GPS ReceiverPDA, GPS Receiver
Dell Axim X50 with GPS receiver
Pharos Bluetooth GPS Receiver
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
Instructor gives field assignment to Instructor gives field assignment to studentsstudents
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
MessageGrid Server
1. Students download grid onto handheld
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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9999
MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
MessageGrid Server
2. Students collect info, image, audio, video, GPS location
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
MessageGrid Server
3. Students upload grid
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
MessageGrid Server
1. Download grid
2. Collect info, photo, audio, video, GPS location
3. Upload grid
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MessageGrid MobileMessageGrid Mobile
Instructor conducts class discussion Instructor conducts class discussion of results collected by studentsof results collected by students
Use of MessageGrid Use of MessageGrid Outside of ClassroomOutside of Classroom
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Current Project: Current Project: WHO Policy Development ToolWHO Policy Development Tool
Over 35 countries around the world, some in Asia, some in Eastern Europe, some in the Americas, but most in sub-
Saharan Africa, contribute health information through a web-based survey to a database housed in Clemson.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Current Project: Current Project: WHO Policy Development ToolWHO Policy Development Tool
The information is processed in Clemson under control of researchers based at WHO, Geneva
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Current Project: Current Project: WHO Policy Development ToolWHO Policy Development Tool
Results are made available by WHO through MessageGrid to participating countries. Discussion among countries
conducted through MessageGrid.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Current / Future WorkCurrent / Future Work
Refine MessageGrid MobileRefine MessageGrid Mobile Refine WHO Policy Development ToolRefine WHO Policy Development Tool Provide access to MessageGrid to Provide access to MessageGrid to
limited number of non-Clemson limited number of non-Clemson facultyfaculty• If interested, please contact Roy Pargas, If interested, please contact Roy Pargas,
[email protected]@clemson.edu
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
2003-2007 faculty fellowship grant from Clemson 2003-2007 faculty fellowship grant from Clemson University ETS-OTEI Laptop Faculty Development University ETS-OTEI Laptop Faculty Development Program Program
2003 Microsoft Content and Curriculum 2003 Microsoft Content and Curriculum Development Grant (Tom Healy, Mgr.)Development Grant (Tom Healy, Mgr.)
2005 Microsoft Research Tablet PC and 2005 Microsoft Research Tablet PC and Computing Curriculum Grant (Jane Prey, Mgr.)Computing Curriculum Grant (Jane Prey, Mgr.)
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Thank you Thank you for your kind attention.for your kind attention.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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110110
WBE 2007, Chamonix, FranceWhere is Clemson University?Where is Clemson University?
Clemson UniversityClemson, South Carolina
Roy PargasClemson University
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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OriginOrigin
Laptop Faculty Development ProgramLaptop Faculty Development Program• Small groups (6-8 faculty members) meet Small groups (6-8 faculty members) meet
weeklyweekly• Share ideas on how they are changing the way Share ideas on how they are changing the way
they teach using laptops, Tablet PCs, handheld they teach using laptops, Tablet PCs, handheld devices, iPodsdevices, iPods
• InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary English, Psychology, Math, Experimental Statistics, English, Psychology, Math, Experimental Statistics,
Chemistry, Computer Science, Nursing, Spanish, Chemistry, Computer Science, Nursing, Spanish, Mechanical Engineering, Sociology, Performing Arts, Mechanical Engineering, Sociology, Performing Arts, AdministrationAdministration
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Original Idea: Original Idea: MusicGridMusicGrid
Andrew Levin, Professor, Department Andrew Levin, Professor, Department of Performing Artsof Performing Arts• December 2003December 2003• 12 music categories (rows)12 music categories (rows)• 2-4 movements (columns)2-4 movements (columns)• Each student given specific listening Each student given specific listening
assignmentassignment
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MusicGridMusicGrid
Track 1Track 1 Track 2Track 2 Track 3Track 3 Track 4Track 4
HarmonyHarmony
RhythmRhythm
MelodyMelody
FormForm
etc.etc.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
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MusicGridMusicGrid
Track 1Track 1 Track 2Track 2 Track 3Track 3 Track 4Track 4
HarmonyHarmony
RhythmRhythm JohnnyJohnny
MelodyMelody
FormForm
etc.etc.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
115115
MusicGridMusicGrid
Track 1Track 1 Track 2Track 2 Track 3Track 3 Track 4Track 4
HarmonyHarmony
RhythmRhythm JohnnyJohnny
MelodyMelody
FormForm SusieSusie
etc.etc.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
PLT 2007 May 24, 2007 CaPLT 2007 May 24, 2007 Catania, Italytania, Italy
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MusicGridMusicGrid
Track 1Track 1 Track 2Track 2 Track 3Track 3 Track 4Track 4
HarmonyHarmony TawannaTawanna
RhythmRhythm JohnnyJohnny
MelodyMelody
FormForm SusieSusie
etc.etc.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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MusicGridMusicGrid
Track 1Track 1 Track 2Track 2 Track 3Track 3 Track 4Track 4
HarmonyHarmony TawannaTawanna
RhythmRhythm JohnnyJohnny
MelodyMelody MiguelMiguel
FormForm SusieSusie
etc.etc.
Roy P. Pargas ClRoy P. Pargas Clemson Universityemson University
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Spring 2004Spring 2004MusicGrid Was BornMusicGrid Was Born
Word got outWord got out
Other faculty (Chemistry, Nursing, Other faculty (Chemistry, Nursing, Languages, English, Administration) Languages, English, Administration) wanted to use wanted to use MusicGridMusicGrid
MusicGridMusicGrid became became MessageGridMessageGrid