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Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Onshore Source Area ... · ˇ ˆˆ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ...

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腃腅 臈腾臅臗腾膀臡膨 腄腁 腄腀 腄腁 腄腁 臈腾膸腴膼膦膅腽膢 腶 膼腼腯腴膱膍膅腽膢 膬臤膸腴膸腴腩臦腴膅腽腯 臏膨腌腐膼膦腘膦膇腧腘膼膚膋膳腣膶腳臂腗臞腠腈 臌膈膯 臖腗 臎臄臐臇膼膦 腗腍腡腊腔腉膠臥腓腆腡 膏臉腜腈 腉臏膨腌腐 腖腕 膦膇膻 膦膇腧腘腲腧腓腙腲臁腘腵膻膰腉臖臔腌 臙膭腜腈 膰腙 臛膉腘膲膉腓 臋腗臢 臆腘膃膝腣膙 腬膵 腦膣腜腈 腏腘臈臛腪膾腙臧腧 腌腒腇腡 臘臃腜腈 膦膇腧 腘膦膇膻膰腘膼臓腪膾腔臨膊腖腨膽腣膙腍 腊腘膼臓腪 腲腧腣膟膷腔腍腡腉腏腘腜腝 臖腘 腙臧腧腭腗臖 膾臕腣腫膻腍腡 腘膴膮腣膫臀腌 膁膪臜腻腚臑膜 臔腌腒腇腡 臜膼膦膺膐腣膛膖腌腐 臝臚膎腓腙 膛膖腌腐膼膦膺膐 臏膨腍腡臊臧膼膦腣臣膴腍腡腐腞腗腙 腵膻膰腖腕腘膼 腘膧腰腔膻臟腈腠腱膞腋腢腡膼膚膋膳腗腑腇腒膡腛 膚膋膳腉膠臥腖膆腗腖腡 膼膚膋膳腈腠臏膨腍腡膼膦腘 臍臎臄臐臇膼膦腘膦膇膻膰腔腘腷膂腗腑腇腒膌膓 腹臠腟膻膰腘膃膝腖腕腘臣膴膩臆腣膉膣腋腎腡腐腞腗 腍腡 膏臉臒臩膕 膭膒膤膘 腤臕 腮臉膿膔 腸膒腺膑 腥臉膹膨 腄腁腅腂 腏腐腍腑腎腌腊腊腇腆腔腆腃腒腉腓腌腊腋腈 ῌῌ 265 JMA JMA Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo Vol. pp. * e-mail : [email protected] Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo JGI Inc. Graduate School of Science, Chiba University The seismogenic source fault of the Noto Hanto earthquake (M . ) runs beneath the northwestern part of the Noto peninsula and its o shore trending ENE-WSW. To reveal the rela- tionship between a seismogenic source fault and geologic structure, shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection and refraction profiling was undertaken across the source fault along the western coast of the Noto peninsula for km distance. The seismic source was a vibroseis and seismic data were recorded by fixed channels. The P-wave refraction analysis delineated the three layered velocity structure down to km; . km/s, . km/s and . km/s layers. The . km/s layer, which corre- sponds to the lower Miocene fluvial sediments, shows northward thickening with steps. On the resultant depth converted seismic section, south and north-dipping, faults are interpreted based on the systematic change on dip-angle of the reflectors in the lower Miocene fluvial sediments. By comparing with the aftershock distribution, the deeper extension of the south-dipping fault corre- sponds to the source fault of the Noto Hanto earthquake. : Noto Hanto earthquake, earthquake source fault, seismic reflection profiling, geo- logic structure, central Japan . M . Sakai ENE-WSW ; ; ; Ozawa km Yamada ; Sakai * Hiroshi Sato *, Shinji Kawasaki , Susumu Abe , Naoko Kato , Iwasaki Takaya , Tanio Ito et al., et al., et al., et al., Abstract Key words Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Onshore Source Area of the Noto Hanto Earthquake, Central Ja- pan + , - + , - + , , + + - + , , + + - 2, ,**1 ,0/ ,1- ++- **-, +++ ,**1 03 # +* /1/ + ,2 -, .+ -, ,**1 ,**1 ,**1 - ,/ 3 ., ,**+ 03 ,**2 0* ,**/ ,**1 ,**1 ,**1 ,**2 - + +* ,**2 ,**2 ,**1 + ,**1 ,**1
Transcript
Page 1: Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Onshore Source Area ... · ˇ ˆˆ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘ ˆ ˘ˆ ˘ ˆ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇˆ ˇˆˆ ˘ ˇ ˆ ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˆ ˇ ˇ ˆ ˇ ˇ

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265

JMA

JMA

Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst.

Univ. Tokyo

Vol. pp.

* e-mail : [email protected]

Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo

JGI Inc.

Graduate School of Science, Chiba University

The seismogenic source fault of the Noto Hanto earthquake (M . ) runs beneath the

northwestern part of the Noto peninsula and its o shore trending ENE-WSW. To reveal the rela-

tionship between a seismogenic source fault and geologic structure, shallow, high-resolution seismic

reflection and refraction profiling was undertaken across the source fault along the western coast of

the Noto peninsula for km distance. The seismic source was a vibroseis and seismic data were

recorded by fixed channels. The P-wave refraction analysis delineated the three layered velocity

structure down to km ; . km/s, . km/s and . km/s layers. The . km/s layer, which corre-

sponds to the lower Miocene fluvial sediments, shows northward thickening with steps. On the

resultant depth converted seismic section, south and north-dipping, faults are interpreted based on

the systematic change on dip-angle of the reflectors in the lower Miocene fluvial sediments. By

comparing with the aftershock distribution, the deeper extension of the south-dipping fault corre-

sponds to the source fault of the Noto Hanto earthquake.

: Noto Hanto earthquake, earthquake source fault, seismic reflection profiling, geo-

logic structure, central Japan

.

M . Sakai

ENE-WSW ; ;

; Ozawa

km

Yamada ; Sakai

*

Hiroshi Sato *, Shinji Kawasaki , Susumu Abe , Naoko Kato , Iwasaki Takaya , Tanio

Ito

et al.,

et al.,

et al., et al.,

Abstract

Key words

Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Onshore Source

Area of the Noto Hanto Earthquake, Central Ja-

pan

+ , -

+

,

-

+ , , + + -

+ , , + +

-

2, ,**1 ,0/ ,1-

++- **-, + + +

,**1 0 3

#

+*

/1/

+ , 2 - , . + - ,

,**1

,**1

,**1 - ,/ 3 ., ,**+

0 3 ,**2

0* ,**/ ,**1 ,**1

,**1 ,**2

- + +*

,**2 ,**2

,**1

+

,**1

,**1

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Fig. . Geological map showing the seismic line “Monzen ”.

Major geologic structure is after Editorial committee of civil engineering geologic map of Hokuriku ( ).

Pre-N : mainly pre-Neogene rocks with minor distribution of lower Miocene andesite.

Fig.

Kano ;

. km Fig.

Lopez and Ishiwatari,

ENE-WSW

Table

ENE-WSW Industrial Vehicle Interna-

tional EnviroVibe

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Hz

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Table . Data acquisition parameters for the Monzen

seismic survey.

Fig. . Examples of shot gathers of the Monzen seismic survey.

A : a shot gather for reflection profiling at VP , B : a shot gather for refraction analysis at VP . Location of

shot points is shown in Fig. .

Fig. A

. . .

G-DAPS A

RP m

m

VP Fig.

B

RP VP

VP

RP km

VP

. km JGI Super X

Minimum Phase Conversion

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Fig. . Surface structure determined by time-term analysis.

(a) time-terms,

(b) velocities of second layer,

(c) topography and geometry of surface low velocity layer.

Fig. . Optimum stacking velocities determined by

velocity analysis.

Deconvolution

: :

: . : :

Time Valiant

Refraction Statics

mal Moveout NMO

Fig. V .

. km s V Residual Statics

. . km s m NMO

NMO

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Fig. . Filtered stacked section and post stacked, migrated time section of the Monzen seismic line.

F-X : km s

: :

:

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. . : Hz, . . :

Hz

Time Migration

:

Fig. B

Depth Conversion . km s

km s Fig.

Fig. A

m . km s . km s . km s

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Fig. . Depth converted seismic section (A) and its geologic interpretation (B) of the Mozen seismic line. F and

F : inferred fault, Red and black broken lines : boundary of velocity layers deduced from the refraction analysis.

m, m

m

Fig. B CMP

CMP F ; Fig. B

. km CMP . km s

m . km s . km s,

. km s

CMP

Yamaji, CMP

; Sato and Amano, . km

Kano Fet al.,

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Fig. . Velocity model of the Monzen seismic line obtained by refraction analysis.

(a) Comparison between theoretical travel time curves (solid lines) and first arrival data (solid circles).

(b) Ray diagrams corresponding to the first arrivals from seven shot points.

(c) Velocity model with inferred P-wave velocities (in km/s).

F

F

F

m F

m

N E

N E km

km

Fig.

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syn-rifting succession, northern Noto Peninsula, Japan :

Fig. . Comparison between geologic structure and aftershock distribution. Aftershock distri-

bution is after Sakai ( ) and Yamada ( ). The aftershocks were projected to

the plane, which is perpendicular to the strike of the source fault and passes through the center

of the seismic line (Line in Figure from Sato ), and rotated to the general strike

of the CMP line of the seismic section. On this figure the dip angle of source fault shows

apparent dip angle.

Evidence for short-term uplifting precedent to the

rapid opening of the Japan Sea, , .

.

p.

.

Lopez, C. J. and Ishiwatari, A., , Petrogenesis of the

tholeiitic basalt, calc-alkaline basaltic andsite and high

magnesian andesite lava succession of the Oligo-

Miocene Anamizu Formation in northeastern Noto Pen-

insula,central Japan, , .

no.

CD.

Ozawa, S., H. Yarai, M. Tobita, H. Une and T. Nishimura,

, Crustal deformation associated with the Noto.

Hanto Earthquake in in Japan,

, ..

Sakai, S., A. Kato, T. Iidaka, T. Iwasaki, E. Kurashimo, T.

Igarashi, N. Hirata, T. Kanazawa and the group for thep.

joint aftershock observation of the Noto Hanto

Earthquake, , Highly resolved distribution of after-.

shocks of the Noto Hanto Earthquake by a denseKano, K., T. Yoshikawa, Y. Yanagisawa, K. Ogasawara and

seismic observation, , .T. Danhara, , An unconformity in the early Miocene

:

:

et al. et al.

et al.,

Island Arc,

J. Min. Petrol. Sci.,

Earth Planets Space,

Earth Planets Space,

2

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+1* +2.

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0*

Page 9: Seismic Reflection Profiling Across the Onshore Source Area ... · ˇ ˆˆ ˇˇ ˇˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘ ˆ ˘ˆ ˘ ˆ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇˆ ˇˆˆ ˘ ˇ ˆ ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˆ ˇ ˇ ˆ ˇ ˇ

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273

.

Sato, H. and K. Amano, . Relationship between tecton- Yamada, T., K. Mochizuki, M. Shinohara, T. Kanazawa, S.

ics, volcanism, sedimentation and basin development, Kuwano, K. Nakahigashi, R. Hino, K. Uehira, T. Yagi, N.

Late Cenozoic, central part of Northern Honshu, Japan. Takeda and S. Hashimoto, , Aftershock observation

Sediment. Geology, , . of the Noto Hanto earthquake in using ocean bot-

tom seismometers, Earth Planets Space (in press).

Yamaji, A., , Rapid intra-arc rifting in Miocene north-

. east Japan, Tectonics, , .

Received January ,

Accepted March ,

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