K. Pitilakis K. Pitilakis
M. M. AlexoudiAlexoudi, S. Argyroudis,, S. Argyroudis, A. AnastasiadisA. Anastasiadis
SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:
THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)
Aristotle University of ThessalonikiAristotle University of Thessaloniki
Dept. of Civil EngineeringDept. of Civil Engineering
Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Foundations Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Foundations
& Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering& Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERINGADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FORFOR URBAN RISK REDUCTIONURBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEYTURKEY, , 30 MAY 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
RISKRISK--UE PROJECTUE PROJECT
DURATION:DURATION: 44 44 monthsmonths
1515thth JanuaryJanuary 2001 2001 -- 3131st st Sept. 2004 Sept. 2004
TOTAL BUDGETTOTAL BUDGET: : 2,5 M2,5 M€€
Contribution Contribution fromfrom EC: 1,625 MEC: 1,625 M€€
MANMAN--MONTHSMONTHS: : 900900
10 10 INSTITUTIONS + INSTITUTIONS + 7 7 CITIESCITIES
AN ADVANCED APPROACH TO EARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOS WITH APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENT EUROPEAN TOWNS
AUTH
Generalitat de CatalunyaInstitut cartografic de Catalunya
IZIIS-Skopje
INVENTORY
VULNERABILITY Fragility Curves
Ground shaking Site effects for
d ifferent scenarios
SEISMIC HAZARD Seismicity, Seismic-
Source models-Scenarios
GLOBAL VALUE of L ifeline E lements
RESTORATION POLICY MITIGATION STRATEGY
Structural characteristics
Population, land use, social, functional, economic,
industrial and other criteria
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS (Damaged System)
MICROZONATION Local site effects -W ave propagation -Landslide hazard -Liquefaction -Fault rupture
Parameters of Strong Ground Motion shaking and induced phenomena for the
vulnerability analyses NETWORK ANALYSIS
(Undamaged System)
TYPOLOGY of Life line Elements
and Networks
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT- Damages Intensities and Distribu tion
LOSSES (Human, material, immaterial)
ECONOMIC IMPACT (Direct, Indirect)
INTERACTIONS
Flow-chart of the RISK UE methodology(with emphasis to lifelines)
Application to Thessaloniki
• Distinctive features of Thessaloniki
• Earthquake hazard assessment
- Geology, Tectonics, Seismicity, Geotechnical zonation
- Seismic hazard (deterministic, probabilistic)
- Site specific response analysis
- Microzonation study
• Urban system exposure (classification of elements at risk through a global
value analysis)
• Vulnerability analysis of:
- common buildings
- monuments
- lifeline elements (road, port, gas, water, waste water, telecommunication)
• Seismic risk scenarios (economic losses, debris, casualties)
The City of ThessalonikiThe City of Thessaloniki
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
THESSALONIKI
Location: crossroad between
Asia, Africa and Europe
Second city in population in Greece
(1.048.151 people)
Area of the city: 13130Ha (1991),
Density: 216 people/Ha
History: 2400years
Important: Industrial, Commercial,
Administrative Education, Research and
Denvelopment Centre
Touristic activity
Active scientific community
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
History
• Hellénistique (Macedonian) period (315-168 BC)
• Roman period (till 325 AC)
• Byzantine period (till 1430 AC)
• Othoman period (till 1912)
• Modern period, after 1912
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
Hellenistic ages
Roman ages
Byzantine ages
1430-1917
1922-1940
Expansion of the urban area 135000
157889
174350
251254
260000
278145
297164
350000
380648
557072 7
06180
786550
749048
0,0E+00
1,0E+05
2,0E+05
3,0E+05
4,0E+05
5,0E+05
6,0E+05
7,0E+05
8,0E+05
9,0E+05
1904
1913
1920
1928
1935
1940
1951
1958
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Years
Population
Population growth of
Thessaloniki
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
Latest major earthquake (1978)
Epicenter: 25 km NE
Focal depth: 8 km,
Magnitude: M=6.5, PGA= 0.15g
Predominant period: 0.45 sec
Social and economical results:
37 deaths
One collapse and few partial collapses and
extended damage to buildings
Calculated cost: >250 million $
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
Earthquake Hazard Assessment
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ISTANBUL – TURKEY, 30 MAY – 1 JUNE 2005
Geology Seismogenic features
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Geotechnical zonation of the Thessaloniki urban area (Anastasiadis et al., 2001)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Geotechnical Data
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Synthesis of all available geotechnical data
9 main soil formations
Main RoadByzantine City Walls
0 1000 2000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Thickness of artificial fills
Main RoadByzantine City Walls
0 1000 2000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Thickness of loose sandy-silts with organics
Main RoadByzantine City Walls
0 1000 2000
0 10 20 30 40 50
‘upper surface’ of very stiff to hard clays
probabilistic scenarios
Fault A
PGA (g)
Fault B
PGA (g)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
PGA (g)
Assiros,1903
deterministic
scenarios
SSZ case
PGA (g)
Grid spacing:
500 x 500 m
250 x 250 m
→→ 393393 pointspoints
→→ 203 points203 points
Area for the
performance of the 1D
analysis
Site Specific Response Analysis
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
PHGA (g)
Ring R
oad
Thessaloniki's Gulf
0m 1000m 2000m
Mean PHGA (g)
Site Specific Response Analysis (475 years)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
PGV (m/s)
Thessaloniki's Gulf
Ring R
oad
0m 1000m 2000m
Mean PGV
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
T=0.0 sec T=0.3 sec T=0.6 sec
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
T=1.0 sec T=2.0 sec
Spectral Amplifications
Comparison: 1D vs. Seismic Hazard Assessment
H19: ‘rock-like’
I20: ‘stiff to very stiff’
K22: ‘loose to soft’
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Period (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
PS
A/
PH
GA
averageaverage±stdev
EC8 (C)DeterministicProbabilistic
K22
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Period (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
PS
A/
PH
GA
averageaverage±stdev
EC8 (B)Deterministic
Probabilistc
I20
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Period (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
5
PS
A/
PH
GA
averageaverage±stdev
EC8 (A)DeterministicProbabilistic
H19
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
W
C
E 1-E
2-E
3-E4-E
1-C
2-C3-C
1-W
2-W
3-W
4-W
R*
2-E
4-E
KAL? ??
1-C
3-W
1-W
Seismic zonation of Thessaloniki based on 1D theoretical analyses
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
T(sec)
0
1
2
3
4
Sa / PHGA
1W
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
T(sec)
0
1
2
3
4
Sa / PHGA
4W
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
T(sec)
0
1
2
3
4
Sa / PHGA
3E
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
T (sec)
0
1
2
3
4
Sa / PHGA
3C
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Liquefaction Risk
Assessment of possibility for liquefaction in 37 locations
Estimation of Permanent Ground Displacement
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Urban System Exposure
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
Development of a global value analysis system in urban areas
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSURE
Periods:
- Normal
- Crisis
- Restoration
Definition of appropriate criteria/ indicators for each element at risk
ELEMENTS at RISK
LINESLINES
Transportation - Water – Telecommunication – Gas – Waste Water Networks
Utility Buildings
Educational units
HotelsFree Zones
Entertainment (Cinemas, Theatres)
Emergency equipment (Police, Fire Station)
Health facilities (Clinics, Hospitals)
Administrative (Consulates, Ministries, Services)Residential Zone
Trade Zone
Building Stock
Cultural (Archeological Sites, Churches, Cultural Centers, Landmarks, Museums)
Urban UnitsUrban Units
POINTSPOINTSPOLYGONSPOLYGONS
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSURE
Port
Residential and Mixed Residential andSmall industry
Tertiary Sector and Trade
Residential and Small industry
Tertiary sector
University
Residential, Trade & Tertiary sector
Residential & Trade
Residential
Land UseStudy Area: 20 Homogeneous Units
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSURE
Normal
Global Values
Element at risk:Element at risk: Residential zoneResidential zone
�
�
�
NN
-
-
�
CC
Influence Scale
Housing Area Density (sq.m/Ha)
Inhabitants /Ha
Measuring UnitsMeasuring Units
�RadianceIdentity
�HousingFunctions
Residents
IndicatorIndicator
-
RR
Population
ComponentComponent
Crisis
Recovery
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSURE
Global Values
HOSPITALS- GLOBAL VALUE
NORMAL& RECOVERY PERIOD
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Main
Important
Second.
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSURE
���Total Number of
patients/ yearPatients
�
�
�
�
R
-
-
�
�
C
Influence Scale
Built sq. meters
Number of beds
Total number of workers
Measuring Unit
�Radiance
�Building
�Social
�Workers
NIndicator
Element at risk:Element at risk: HospitalsHospitals
Vulnerability of Buildings
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES& LIFELINES& LIFELINES
Methodology for building damage assessment
§ Fragility curves for all building types were developed using a
combination of analysis and statistical data, the so-called ‘hybrid’
approach (Kappos et al. 1998, 2001).
§ 6 damage states (DS0 to DS5) were used in order to better suit the needs
of the risk scenario
Typical fragility curves for R/C buildings
Medium frame infilled EAK
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50
PGA (g)
P[d
s>
=d
si|
PG
A]
DS1
DS2
DS3
DS4
DS5
Typical fragility curves for URM buildings
2nd Level vulnerability curves for 2storey Brick
URM Buildings
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
pga
P(D
>D
S/I) 1
2
3
4
5
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES& LIFELINES& LIFELINES
Scenario for current buildings
475 years mean return period
Number of buildings suffering damage states DS0 to DS5 in each
building block for the earthquake scenario
-
0 1.500750
Meters
Damage Distribution
DS0
DS1
DS2
DS3
DS4
DS5
Damage
State
Number of
buildings
Percentage
(%)
DS0 654 3.41%
DS1 6813 35.53%
DS2 6430 33.52%
DS3 3002 15.65%
DS4 1201 6.26%
DS5 1079 5.63%
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES& LIFELINES& LIFELINES
Predicted tagging of buildings
• Green: DS0 & DS1
• Yellow: DS2 & DS3
• Red: DS4 & DS5
Total number of buildings in
each damage label
-
0 1.500750
Meters
GREEN
YELLOW
RED
Damage
Label
Number of
buildings
Percentage
(%)
Green 7467 38.93%
Yellow 9432 49.18%
Red 2280 11.89%
Vulnerability of Lifelines
ROADWAY
PORT
GAS
POTABLE WATER
WASTE WATER
TELECOMMUNICATION
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
• Collection of inventory data
difficult and complex task, old networks, unknown data
• Definition of typology for each lifeline component
material, geometry, code level, structural type etc.
Spans Column bent type Span continuity Design
Conventional (<1986) Single span -
Seismic (>=1986)
Conventional Simple support
Seismic
Single column
Continuous Seismic
Conventional Simple support
Seismic
Multiple spans
Multiple column
Continuous Seismic
Common bridge types in Thessaloniki
• Development of fragility curves
- Using existing empirical/analytical models (HAZUS’99, ALA 2002, other)
- Validation of different vulnerability relationships in some cases (e.g. Lefkas 2003)
- Developing of new curves (e.g. metro tunnels)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Example of empirical vulnerability relationships for pipes
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100PGV (cm/sec)
R.R
/km
O’ Rourke & Ayala (1993)
Eidinger (1998)
Eidinger & Avila (1999)
Isoyama (1998)
ALA (2001)
Repair Ratio/km ~ Ground VelocityRepair Ratio/km ~ Ground Velocity PGV (cm/s)PGV (cm/s)
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0 20 40 60 80 100PGD (cm)
R.R
/km
Honegger & Eguchi (1992)
Eidinger, Avila (1999)
ALA (2001)
Repair Ratio/km ~ Permanent Ground Displacement PGD (cm)
Analytical vulnerability curves for shallow tunnels in alluvial deposits
(Transversal direction)
- Typical metro tunnel configuration
- Typical soil profiles and input seismic motions
- Computation of seismic ground deformations (1D linear equivalent response analysis)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0 5 10 15 20 25acc (
g)
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
ac
c (
g)
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0 10 20 30 40 50acc (g)
0 10 20 30 40
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
0,14
0,16
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4
PGA (g)
sh
ea
r str
ain
(%
)
Umbro
Kozani
Palm Springs
Sturno
Mont_T
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40PGA (g)
P (
DS
>d
s|P
GA
)
Hazus minor
Hazus moderate
ALA minor
ALA moderate
This study-minor
This study-moderate
This study-extensive
- Definition of damage states
- Derivation of fragility curves (+uncertainties)
Analytical vs. empirical curves
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40PGA (g)
P (
DS
>ds|P
GA
)
Hazus minor
Hazus moderate
ALA minor
ALA moderate
This study*-minor
This study*-moderate
This study*-extensive
This study-minor
This study-moderate
This study-extensive
80%Mrd
Element at risk: Roads
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
1.0 0.5 0.3
Classification
1.0 0.5 0.2
1.0 0.5
Values
0.3
0.5
Secondary Collector
1.0
Secondary arterial Primary Collector
Measure Units
Major Important Low
Symbolic Weight
Major issue Important Secondary
Access to Residential and Commercial land use areas
Hospital, Police/Fire Station, Command Centers
Access to critical facilities
Road Class Freeway Major arterial
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
INVENTORY:
- Location
- Category
- Material
- Column bent type
- Span continuity
- # spans
- Skewness
- Max span length
- Total length
BRIDGES
CLASSIFICATION
üüüü-üüüüRoleIdentity
üüüü
üüüü
R
-
üüüü
C
üüüü
üüüü
N
#Spans
Road Class
On Under
Indicator
Function
Urban Space
Component
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Vulnerability of bridges due to PSA (1.0s) – application of Hazus99 model
Vulnerability of roads due to PGD
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Scenario: 475 years mean return period
PORTPORT
Size of area:Size of area: 1,500,000 m1,500,000 m22
Trade cargo:Trade cargo: 15,000,000 tons 15,000,000 tons
Capacity:Capacity: 200,000 containers200,000 containers
6 piers with 6,200m length 6 piers with 6,200m length
Cranes (Normal period)
Classification of importance
--
��������
��������
��������
RR
--
--
--
--
CC
��������
��������
��������
��������
N N
High
Moderate
Low
Frequency of use
yes (>=10t)
no (<10t)
Container handling capability
>=12
>=10
<10
Location-Quay’s depth
(m)
>=40
>=15
<15
Lifting Capacity (t)
DescriptionDescriptionIndicatorIndicator
ELEMENTS at RISK (classification/vulnerability)
- Waterfront structures
- Cranes
- Railway, Roads
- Electric power
- Water, Waste-water system
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Vulnerability of cranes based on PGA
Vulnerability of railway tracks based on PGD
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
normal
crisis
GAS SYSTEM: Classification
Pipes: function, emergency, radiance
M/R stations: function, emergency, alternative solution, radiance
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
GAS SYSTEM: Vulnerability
18Total
130.189PGD
50.069PGV
RepairsRR/km
Isoyama, 1998 & ALA, 2001Cause
PGV (m/sec)
DAMAGE STATE
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Scenario: 475 years mean return period
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMWATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Connections in urban area:Connections in urban area: 420.000 420.000
Served population:Served population: 1.000.000people. 1.000.000people.
Size of served area:Size of served area: 55km55km22
Water consumption:Water consumption: 250.000m250.000m33
DIGITIZED NETWORKDIGITIZED NETWORK
1351.1km 1351.1km
42.5% of pipes have unknown diameter 42.5% of pipes have unknown diameter
>40% Unknown material>40% Unknown material
573.8
271.3
374.1
39.0
92.9
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0
Unknown
<100
<300
<500
>=500
Diameters (in km)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Pipe (ID1000)Pipe (ID1000)
200mmDiameter
PVCMaterial
120mLength
RectangularType
Tank Vlatadon
1977Year of construction
R/CRoof style
R/CMaterial
700m3Capacity
INVENTORY Urban importance of water system. Scenario: Residential use. Period: Crisis
Legend
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
VULNERABILITY OF WATER PIPES
7269141Total
5815730.054PGD
1454680.051PGV
BreaksLeaks
Number of repairs
RR/kmALA, 2001
2,000 0 2,0001,000 Km
in water system
Legend
Sea
ring road
FLEAKBREAK
break
leak
no-damage
No damage
Leak
Break
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
h
W
Wd
L
H
h
W
Wd
L
H
h
W
Wd
L
H
Estimation of road functionality due to building debris
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
-
0 1.500750
Meters
GREEN
YELLOW
RED
Building damages
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
W debris (m)
N (
Nb
of
sto
rey
s)
Model A,k=0.3, m=1.0
Model A,k=0.5, m=1.0
Model A, k=0.3, m=1.5
Model A, k=0.5, m=1.5
Model B, k=0.3, m=1.5
Model B, k=0.5, m=1.5
Model B, k=0.3, m=1.0
Model B, k=0.5, m=1.0
Model C, k=0.3, m=1.0
Model C, k=0.5, m=1.0
Model C, k=0.3, m=1.5
Model C, k=0.5, m=1.5
AVERAGEN = 0,06Wd2+0,35Wd
Simplified relation
Debris width- building height
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM: Classification
Central Offices: equipment, function, communication
capability, intervention and radiance
Cables: function, emergency, radiance
Normal period
Crisis period
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS &BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
Earthquake Risk Scenario
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
-
0 1.500750
Meters
DEATHS-12.00h
0
0 - 2
2 - 4
4 - 6319234
Light injury not necessitating hospitalization
371261Injury requiring hospital treatment
310216Life threatening cases needing immediate medical attention
360246Dead or unsavable
24:0012:00Time of earthquake
• The estimated casualties corresponds to
284 building collapses.
• Past experience from earthquakes in
Greece reveals lower death rate.
• Uncertainties: seismic hazard assessment,
methods for vulnerability analysis, casualty
model, etc.
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
EARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOS
Estimation of casualties
(Coburn & Spence, 2002)
-
0 1.500750
Meters
Debris-Concrete/Steel
0 - 1500 (tons)
1501 - 3000
3001 - 6000
6001 - 10500
10501 - 20500
426.8831.332.670
Brick, wood and other
Reinforced Concrete and
Steel
Debris (tons)
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
RC
4.1L
LR
C4.
1ML
RC
4.1H
LR
C4.
2LL
RC
4.2M
LR
C4.
2HL
RC
3.1L
LR
C3.
1ML
RC
3.1H
LR
C3.
2LL
RC
4.1L
HR
C4.
1MH
RC
4.1H
HR
C4.
2LH
RC
4.2M
HR
C4.
2HH
M1L
M1M M3L
M3M
Building Type
De
bri
s (
ton
ne
s)
Concrete/Steel
Brick/Wood
The predicted quantity seems to be
overestimated. (empirical data from USA)
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
EARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOS
Restoration
3rd day
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
RESTORATION-MITIGATION
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Vulnerability
Retrofitting Priorities
based on the classification of
importance (global value analysis)
and the vulnerability analysis
3rd priority
3rd priority
2nd priority
Leaks
2nd priority
1st priority
1st priority
Breaks
SecondaryImportantMain
IssuesUrban/ Seismic Risk
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
RESTORATION-MITIGATION
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONRESTORATION---MITIGATIONMITIGATIONMITIGATIONEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSEARTHQUAKE RISK SCENARIOSVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINESVULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS & LIFELINES
URBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREURBAN SYSTEM EXPOSUREEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTEARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENTTHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKITHE CITY OF THESSALONIKI
RESTORATION-MITIGATION
1 day after the event3 days after the event6 days after the event Restoration process of water system
CONCLUSIONS:
• RISK-UE methodology offers a valuable framework for development of
seismic risk scenarios
• importance of Site Specific Studies in seismic risk scenarios
• request for inventory data for buildings and lifelines
• development of fragility curves for buildings and lifeline components
based on the European distinctive features (European typologies)
• the organization of mitigation policies is a political and economic
decision
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:
THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)
after Tokyo, Lisbon and Berkeley (2004) the next
4th International Conference
in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
will be hosted by Aristotle University in Thessaloniki
(end of June 2007)
You are kindly invited to contribute…
Thank you
ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION ADVANCES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FOR URBAN RISK REDUCTION
ISTANBUL ISTANBUL –– TURKEY, 30 MAY TURKEY, 30 MAY –– 1 JUNE 20051 JUNE 2005
SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:SEISMIC RISK SCENARIOS FOR AN EFFICIENT SEISMIC RISK MANAGEMENT:
THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI (GREECE)