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SELECTED TERMS OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA IDA WELLS TR “FIGHTING BOB”
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SELECTED TERMS
OF THE
PROGRESSIVE ERA
IDA WELLS
TR
“FIGHTING BOB”
EXAMPLEWhen – 1896
Where – Democratic National Covnention
Who – William Jennings Bryan
What – Address to the convention that used Christian references to portray those in favor of the gold standard asevil.
Why – In the short term propels Bryan to become Democraticnominee of convention. In the long run it showed just howdeeply divided the country was over the money supply issue.
THE CROSS OF GOLD SPEECH
WHEN: 1919
WHO: US Congress & the States of the US
WHY: One of the last progressive initiatives, this attempted to reform social morality and make society clean & sober.
WHAT: Prohibition of the sale, manufacture, transportation, importation, or exportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes.
THE 18TH AMENDMENT
WHO: Congress & the States of the US
WHEN: 1913
WHY: Important success of progressive reformers that gives the American citizen more control over their representation and a reduction of power for political machines.
WHAT: Popular election of US Senators
The 17th Amendment
WHEN: 1908
WHO: Louis Brandeis
WHY: Sets precedent for government involvement in the protection of the rights of workers in America.
WHAT: Supreme Court decision that accepts the constitutionality of laws protecting women workers in America.
MULLER V. OREGON
LOUIS BRANDEIS
WHEN: 1914
WHO: US Congress
WHAT: Congressional action that empowers government to prosecute corporations in violation of fair trade practices and legalizes strikes and boycotts.
WHY: It shows an expansion of the role of government in American society and reinforces the idea that the laissez-faire relationship between govt and business is over.
CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT
WHEN: late 19th century
WHERE: Midwest America
WHY: In the short term this provided protection for farmers againstunfair rates for shipping of farm products. In the long run it leadsto more government involvement in society and sets the roots ofthe populist movement in America.
WHAT: A series of state rules that strove to regulate railroad ratesAnd sotrage fees charged to farmers by railways.
GRANGER LAWS
WHEN: 1894
WHY: Convinced many populists and labor organizers that anAlliance between big business and the courts in America existed. Eugene Debs is arrested and during time in jail becomes a socialist and will run for president 5 times. Labor Day is created in an attempt to Appease organized labor.
WHERE: Chicago, IL
WHAT: Starting as a ‘wildcat’action of 4,000 employees upset overA cut in wages without similar reduction in living costs in a companyTown, this eventually spread to boycotts of railway workers and otherRelated unions totally 250,000 workers in 27 states that virtually shutDown rail transportation. President Cleveland eventually orders theArmy to break up the strike and get the rail system working again. 30 workers are kille dand 57 are wounded.
PULLMAN STRIKE
WHEN: 1902
WHO: TR
WHAT: Nickname of a set of government programs that promised fair treatment for the public and labor. These programs addressed three C’s: convervation, consumer protection, and control of corporations.
WHY: This began to break the hold of trusts and monopolies on the American economy.
THE SQUARE DEAL
When: 1909
Who: U.S. Congress & President Taft
Why: Taft’ signing and public support angered some Republicans. Taft had promised to work to lower thetariff. It was a reason why Republicans will split in 1910 Mid-term elections and 1912 presidential election.
What: Compromise bill that raised the tariff on most importedgoods.
PAYNE – ALDRICH TARIFF
Why: Progressives favored protection of the environment. Taft claimed to be a progressive and was favored by T.R. However this action Causes many progressives to question Taft’s loyalties and further accelerates the split in the Republican Party and is part of the reason for the formation of the Progressive Party and Republican political losses.
When: 1910
What: Sec of Interior opens land in Alaska to private development. TheForest Service chief openly criticized the action. The Forest Service Chief was fired for insubordination.
Who: Forest Service Chief Gifford Pinochet & Secretary of InteriorRichard Ballinger.
PINCHOT-BALLINGER CONTROVERSY
Why: After it the Republican Party was split wide open betweenConservatives loyal to Taft and progressives. It begins a wave of Support for a return of T.R. to the presidency.
Who: President William Howard Taft, U.S. Congress, and the American people.
When: 1910
What: Mid term congressional elections in which Taft backs conservative candidates in many states. Conservatives suffer big lossesand progressives gain seats and political clout.
1910 CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS
