Selecting & Defining Goals
1
Selecting Goals
• Purpose
• Choice vs. Change
• Ownership
• Decision
2
Purpose of Goals
• Provide direction for counseling tailored to
that client
• Help insure counselor has skills to help
• Help motivate and focus attention
• Guide in selections of strategies
• Guide in outcome evaluation
• Reactive--actually produce client change 3
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Choice vs. change
• What job to take
• Where to live
• Go to grad school
• Get married
• Stay in marriage
• Have children
• Improve job skills
• Accept where you are
• Increase score on
GRE
• Decrease fighting with
spouse
• Improve child
discipline
4
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Client Must Own Goal• I want to encourage my
husband to show more
leadership
• I want to be more loving
• I want to find ways so my
spouse will make me less
angry
• I want to stop enabling my
spouse to drink
• I want to decrease my
drinking.5
6
Client Must
Choose Goal
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Defining Goals
• Active: Behaviors & Thoughts
• Measureable
• Positive
• Conditions
• Level
• Shaped
• Sequenced
7
Active:
Behaviors
and Thoughts
Active
• I will take my son sledding
• I will increase times I
notice that I have done
something well
• I will do 2 things from my
“things I enjoy list” each
day
• I will join an book
discussion group this
week
Passive
• I to be a better father
• I want to like my self more
• I want to be happy
• I want to have more friends 8
Best Goals are Measurable
• I will be less anxious
• I will tell my self “I can handle this” 5 times
• I will call my sister and tell her I am angry
• I will move on from my anger toward my
sister
• I will eat moderately
• I will not eat after 6 PM.
9
Best Goals are Positive
• Increase study time
• Increase calming self talk
• Increase complimenting
spouse
• Increase days you
walk more than
2000 steps
• Decrease insomnia
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Conditions: Where and When
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Best Goals Specify Level
• I will speak 5 times in each class
• I will improve in my self image
• I will call more people this week
• I will call 2 persons each day
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Shaped: Willy will
1. Read a book with no pictures about a friendly,
helpful dog.
2. Read an illustrated book about a helpful, friendly do
3. Look at photographs of dogs playing/walking nicely
with youngsters.
4. Watch dogs in a movie or television program
(select this media carefully).
5. Watch a pleasant natured dog through a window.
6. Watch a pleasant natured dog tied to a stake or
clothes line from the other side of a fence.
7. Play with the neighbor's untrained Saint Bernard.13
Best Goals are Realistic
• I want exercise for 60 minutes every day
• I want to read new book every week.
• I want to decrease my stress to zero
• I want to stop eating any salt
• I want to fill every order I get from the
customer perfectly
• I want to get over 95% on every test
14
Sequence
1. I will try my new idea on my friend
2. I will try my new idea on my colleagues
3. I will try my new idea on my boss
15
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Examples
• I want to decrease my worrying to less
than 30 minutes each day
• I want my husband to spend 1 hour each
week with each child
• I will learn to play the organ and play
Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor
• I will do 20 minutes of relaxation training
twice a day
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What to measure?
• Frequency
• Duration
• Latency
• Intensity
• Occurrence
18
Frequency
• How often I say to myself “your stupid”
• How many times a day I think about food
• How many pages I read
• The number of times I speak in class19
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Duration
• How long did you cry?
• For how many minutes
did you exercise?
• How many lines did
you journal?
• How long did the
headache last?
• For how long did stay
in the room?20
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Latency
• How late were you
for work?
• How long did it take
you to start to clean
the basement?
• How long did you
have to wait?
• How many days
before you began
your assignment? 21ClickArt Photo
Intensity
• On a 1 to 7 scale
how intense was
the headache?
• Rate how intense
was your fear?
• How exhausted
were you today?
• How extreme was
your anxiety?22
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Occurrence
• Did you bury the dog?
• Did you file the taxes on
time?
• Is the trash taken out?
• Have you taken the pill?
• Did you call her to tell
her you would be late?
23ClickArt Photo
Examples
• Couple wants to increase
foreplay
• He is concerned they do
not make love often enough
• She is concerned that he
is often premature
• He is concerned if she has taken her pill
• Se feels that his mind is often wandering
• He is frustrated that it takes her so long to
reach organism 24
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How to measure?
• Interviews
• Self-monitoring
• Self-ratings
• Self-report
inventories
• Role Play
• Imagery
• Physiological
Measures 25
Interviews
26
1. Ethnic origin (check only
one):
-White not Hispanic
- Asian or Pacific Islander
-Black not Hispanic
-Filipino
-Hispanic
-American Indian/Alaskan
Native
- Other: ___________
2. Please circle the highest
year of school completed:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23+
(primary) (high school)
(college/university) (graduate
school)
3. Are you currently (check
only one):
-Married -
-Separated -
-widowed
-Single –
-divorced http://patienteducation.stanford.edu/research/diabquest.pdf
Self-monitoring
27
http://www.ccbd.net/documents/bb/Fall2005vol15no1pp21-24.pdf 2/20/2010
http://cindywd.com/Self_monitoring.doc 2/20/2010
http://www.cci.health.wa.gov.au/docs/KYB-3-Self%20Monitoring.pdf 2/20/2010
Self-ratings
28
This self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was developed by Zung as a self-
reporting instrument for patients being evaluated for anxiety-associated
symptoms. The patient answers 20 questions related to the frequency of
various symptoms. The following online version is provided for
educational purposes only.
1 I feel more nervous and anxious than usual.
2 I feel afraid for no reason at all.
3 I get upset easily or feel panicky.
4 I feel like I'm falling apart and going to pieces.
5 I feel that everything is all right and nothing bad will happen.
6 My arms and legs shake and tremble.
7 I am bothered by headaches neck and back pain.
8 I feel weak and get tired easily.
9 I feel calm and can sit still easily.
10 I can feel my heart beating fast.
11 I am bothered by dizzy spells.
12 I have fainting spells or feel like it.
13 I can breathe in and out easily.
14 I get feelings of numbness and tingling in my fingers and toes.
15 I am bothered by stomaches or indigestion.
16 I have to empty my bladder often.
17 My hands are usually dry and warm.
18 My face gets hot and blushes.
19 I fall asleep easily and get a good night's rest.
20 I have nightmares.
Source:
William W.K. Zung. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders.
Psychosomatics. 1971.
http://www.anxietyhelp.org/information/sas_zung.html 2/20/2010
Self-inventories
1. What kind of person am I?
2. Write out what you consider are your good points.
3. Do I get along with most people?
4. Am I too shy?
5. Am I sarcastic?
6. Am I overly critical?
7. Do I possess a distorted sense of values?
8. Do I suffer from an inferiority complex?
9. Am I adrift without goals in life?
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http://www.hypnosiseducationcenter.com/self-inventory.html 2/20/2010
Role Play
30
Imagery
31
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Physiological Measurement
32ClickArt Photo
When to measure?
• Baseline
• Treatment
• Post-treatment
• Follow-up
B T PT FU
33
Baseline
• How many times
do you criticize
your self before
we begin
treatment?
B T PT FU
34
Treatment
• After one week of
replacing the
negative thought
with a positive,
how often do you
criticize yourself? B T PT FU
35
Post-treatment
• Now that we are
working on your
seeking a job not
your self-talk how
often do you
criticize yourself? B T PT FU
36
Follow-up
• 6 months after
leaving treatment
how often do you
criticize yourself?
B T PT FU
37
Are Goals Biblical?
38
Luke
13:32
• He replied,
"Go tell that
fox, 'I will
drive out
demons
and heal
people
today and
tomorrow,
and on the
third day I
will reach
my goal.'39
2 Corinthians 5:9• So we make it our goal to please him,
whether we are at home in the body or away
from it.
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Galatians 3:3
• Are you so
foolish? After
beginning with the
Spirit, are you
now trying to
attain your goal by
human effort?
41
Philippians 3:14
• I press on toward the
goal to win the prize for
which God has called
me heavenward in
Christ Jesus.
42
1 Timothy 1:5
• The goal of this
command is love,
which comes from
a pure heart and a
good conscience
and a sincere faith.
43
1 Peter 1:9
• for you are receiving the
goal of your faith, the
salvation of your souls.
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