Date post: | 12-Apr-2017 |
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The Selection and Installation of Natural Stone
Steve TurnerAMARESTONE
Contents
Uses of Stone
Selection of Stone
Installation
Underfloor Heating
Maintenance
Any Questions
Image: Magny French Limestone – History Museum Berlin
Uses of Natural Stone for Self BuildersFlooring
Wall coverings
Worktops and Vanities
Building Facades
Fire Surrounds
Staircases
Table tops
And more……
In every room, inside and out.
Image: French Ampilly Limestone quarry
Selection of StoneCE Certificate:
• Legal requirement since July 2013
What is a CE certificate? • Test results that prove the characteristics of
the stone
• Density/Porosity/Frost Resistance…..
Why is it important? • Demonstrates that the stone is fit for
purpose
Selection of StoneVariation:
• Ideally, visit the quarry or factory to see current production
• or
• See a range of samples/photos that demonstrate the variation
• One small sample may not be representative
Selection of Stone
Ensure sufficient quantity• Particularly if there’s a mix of sizes and/or
finishes – contingency for each variant
• It is cheaper to over order than to have a top-up order
Installation - SubstratesSand and Cement screed:
• Allow 1 day per 1mm of depth for drying time
• Bridge/repair any joins and use anti-fracture matting
Anhydrite (poured) Screed:• Must be dry – typically one day per 1mm depth
• Remove “crust: before tiling
Wooden floorboards/joists• Eliminate bounce
• Better to have two layers of cross-laid ply and
• Anti-fracture matting
Installation - Substrates
Substrates to Avoid:• Plaster board, plaster skim, painted
surfaces
• Chipboard flooring etc.
Wall substrates:• Check that the substrate can take the
weight!
• 20mm stone weighs up to 60 kgs/sqm
Wall Substrates Maximum Weight of Tiling per m²
Gypsum Plaster 20Kg/m²
Gypsum Plasterboard Direct (without a plaster skim)
32Kg/m²
Plywood (WBP) Up to 30Kg/m²
Lightweight Tilebacker Boards
Up to 40Kg/m²Dependant upon the type and thickness of the board. (Marmox over 60Kg/m²)
Glass reinforced Cement Sheets
Up to 50kg/m²Dependant upon the type and thickness of the board.
Gypsum Fibre boards Approximately 35-40Kg/m²
Installation – Adhesives & GroutsAdhesives:
• Minimum spec: rapid set, white (not grey) and flexible – S1 standard
• ALWAYS a full bed, NEVER dot and dab
• “Butter” the back of the tile
Grouts:• Always use a flexible grout
• Many colours available
• Grout is sealed
Installation – Anti-fracture MattingAnti-fracture matting:
• Also known as “de-coupling layer”
Pocketed plastic on separate backing
e.g. Ditra Mat• Waterproof
• 5mm thick
Non-woven fabric
e.g. Mapetex• 1mm thick
• Uses less adhesive
• Requires S2 adhesive to stick it down
Installation - Sequence
1. Lay the stone tiles/slabs
2. Clean with ph neutral detergent and rinse
3. Allow to dry and then seal
4. Allow to dry and then grout
5. Clean with ph neutral detergent and rinse
6. Allow to dry and then seal
7. Water drop test to see if more sealer needed
8. Wax if required
Underfloor HeatingConsiderations:
• Thermal expansion/contraction
• Anti-fracture matting to prevent cracking
Different types:• Wet – normally in screed
• Electric – in screed
• Electric – mat/cable
Test before starting the tiling.
Raise the temp gently – 1-2 degrees C per day
Maintenance - Sealing and WaxingSolvent or Water-based sealer?
Solvent based:• Longer lasting
• Stone MUST be dry
• Less environmentally friendly
Water based:• Can be applied to stone with “residual”
moisture
• Less fumes!
• Less drying time = quicker finish
Waxes• Gloss, satin, matt
Why use wax?• Ease of future maintenance
• Prolongs life of sealer
• Not for external or wet areas
Maintenance - Cleaning
Use ph Neutral Cleaner
Don’t use “supermarket” cleaners• Often contain bleaches or acids which can etch
• “Wash and Shine” contain wax/silicone which leave a residue
Good idea to use sealers and cleaners from same supplier
Thank You***
Questions?
See us on stand E99