Selections From the Annals of Tabari

8/9/2019 Selections From the Annals of Tabari

1/136

fifiiBgi

Ti'^

i-

SEMITIC

STUDY

SERIES

f^

\

EIJITKD

BY

RICHARD

^''h.^'G^OTTHEIL

and MORRIS

JASTROW

Jr.

Columbia

University.

Unireraity

of Penniylrama.

N .

I.

SELECTION

FROM

THE

an:n^als

of

tabari

BDITKD

WITH

BRIEF

NOTES

AND A

SELECTED

GLOSSARY

M.

J.

DE

GOEJE,

Leiden

University.

'J.2'

LEIDEN

LATE

E.

J. BRIJL,L

1902.


2/136

SEMITIC

STUDY

SERIES

RICHARD

J.

H.

GOTTHEIL

and MORRIS

JASTROW Jr.

Columbia

University.

UniverBity

of

PennsyWaiiia.


3/136

GENERAL

PREFACE.

In

publishing the

present

series of

texts

the

editors

wish

to

supply

professors

and

students

of

Semitic

Languages

with

selections

which

are

important

either

for

their subject-matter

or as

specimens

of the

various literatures written

in

those

languages. The

want

of

such

a

series must have been felt by

all

who

have been

called upon

to teach

classes

in

these

subjects

at

European

or

American

Universities.

The

costliness

of

books

published

in

these

languages

puts

them

beyond the

reach

of the

ordinary student;

and,

apart

from

this,

it

is

often impossible

to

secure

suffi-

cient

copies

for

a

whole

class.

Various useful

chresto-

mathies

have

been

published

in

recent

years;

but

the

selections in

such

works

are

of

necessity

brief,

and

can,

at

best,

represent

only

a very few

of

the products

of

such extensive literatures

as the

Arabic, Syriac or

Babylono-

Assyrian.

A

student should

not only

learn

the

grammar of

a

language;

but,

from

the

very

beginning,

he

should

conceive a love for its literature

as well,

and gain

an appreciation

of

an author's

style.

To do this,

he must read

more

than an

extract of a

few pages.


4/136

IV .

It

is,

also,

irksome

for

a

teacher

to

be compelled

to

read

the

same

selections

with

each

incoming

class.

They pall

upon

his

taste,

and

he

is

apt

to lose

that

freshness

of

presentation

which

interests

and

captivates

the

student.

A

new

text acts

as a

stimulus

for

both

teacher

and

pupil;

and

makes it

possible

to

keep

up

the live

interest

in

the

subject which

is

otherwise

apt to drag in

the

rut

of a

single

collection

of texts.

A

recognition

of

these conditions

has

prompted

the

undersigned to

attempt

the

publication

of

a series

of

selected

texts

for use in

the class-room.

Each text is

to be complete

in

itself

and

to represent the

work

of one

author

or

one

department

of literature. It

is

the

intention

of the editors

to

publish such texts

at

frequent

intervals

and

to

put

them

on

th6

market

at a very

moderate price. The

realization

of their

aim

depends

upon

the cooperation of

their

colleagues

in Europe

and

America.

A

preliminary

circular

was

forwarded last year

to

a number

of

distinguished

scholars,

and the

replies

received

were

sufficiently

encouraging

to

warrant

a

beginning.

They

consider

themselves

particularly

fortunate

in having

secured

for

the first

number

of

the series

the

cooperation

of Professor

DE

GoEJE,

who

has

kindly

undertaken

to

edit

a

selection from

the

Annals

of

at-Tabarl.

With equal

readiness,

the

well-known

publishing

house

of

E.

J.

Brill

in Leiden has agreed

to

become

sponsor for

the series;

its

name is a sufficient

guarantee

for the


5/136

GENERAL

PREFACE.

In publishing the present

series

of texts the

editors wish to

supply

professors

and students of

Semitic

Languages

with

selections

which

are

important

either

for

their subject-matter

or as

specimens

of the

various

literatures

written

in those languages.

The

want

of such

a

series must

have

been

felt by

all

who

have

been

called upon

to

teach

classes

in these

subjects

at

European

or

American

Universities.

The

costliness of books

published in these

languages

puts

them

beyond

the

reach of

the

ordinary student;

and,

apart

from

this,

it

is

often

impossible

to

secure suffi-

cient

copies for

a

whole class. Various useful chresto-

mathies

have been

published in

recent

years;

but the

selections in

such

works

are

of necessity brief, and

can,

at

best,

represent only

a

very- few

of

the

products

of

such extensive literatures

as the Arabic, Syriac or

Babylono-

Assyrian.

A

student

should

not

only learn

the

grammar

of

a

language;

but,

from

the

very

beginning,

he should conceive

a love for its literature

as

well,

and

gain an

appreciation

of an

author's style.

To

do this, he

must

read

more than

an extract of

a

few

pages.


6/136

IV

It

is,

also,

irksome

for

a

teacher

to

be

compelled

to

read

the

same selections

with

each

incoming

class.

They

pall

upon

his

taste,

and

he

is

apt

to

lose

that

freshness of presentation

which

interests

and captivates

the student. A new text

acts as

a

stimulus for both

teacher

and

pupil; and

makes it possible

to

keep

up

the

live

interest

in the subject

which

is otherwise

apt to

drag in

the rut of

a

single

collection of

texts.

A

recognition of

these

conditions

has

prompted

the

undersigned to

attempt

the

publication

of

a

series

of

selected

texts

for

use

in the

class-room. Each

text

is

to

be

complete

in

itself

and

to

represent

the

work

of

one

author or one

department

of

literature.

It

is

the

intention

of the

editors

to

publish

such

texts

at

frequent

intervals

and to

put

them

on the

market

at a

very

moderate

price.

The realization of

their

aim

depends

upon the

cooperation

of

their colleagues

in Europe

and

America.

A

preliminary

circular

was

forwarded

last

year

to

a

number of

distinguished

scholars,

and

the

replies

received

were

sufficiently

encouraging

to

warrant

a

beginning.

They consider

themselves

particularly

fortunate in

having

secured

for

the

first

number

of

the

series

the

cooperation

of

Professor

DE

GoEJE,

who

has

kindly

undertaken

to edit

a

selection

from

the

Annals of

at-Tabari. With

equal

readiness,

the well-known

publishing

house

of

E. J.

Brill in

Leiden

has

agreed

to

become

sponsor

for

the

series;

its

name

is a

sufficient

guarantee

for

the


7/136

form

in which

the

series

will appear.

It

is

the

hope

of

the

undersigned that,

launched in

so

auspicious

a

manner,

the

series

may

prove

of

use

wherever

Semitic

Languages

have found

a

home,

so

that

a

love and

an

interest

in

this important

branch

of

the

world's

literature

may

be

fostered

and

promoted.

In

asking

for

the

cooperation

of their colleagues

the

undersigned

hope

that it

will

be

given

not only

in

the

use of the

texts

when

published,

but also

in

their

preparation

for

the

press.

The

editors consider

themselves to be merely the

medium for

the

publi-

cation of

these texts.

The

second number of the

series

will contain

a

re-publication

of

the

Annals

of

A§ur-

banapal

from

the fifth volume

of

the

Cuneiform

Inscriptions

of

Western

Asia .

It

is

being

prepared

by

two

American

students,

M*

R.

J.

Lau and

Stephen

H.

Langdon.

For

the third

number,

the

services

of

Pro-

fessor

Israel

L^vi

of the

Ecole

des

Hautes

Etudes

at

Paris

have

been

secured,

who

is

preparing

a complete

collection of

the

fragments

of

the

Hebrew

text

of

Ecclesiasticus

which

have

thus

far been

discovered.

Negotiations

have

been opened

with

other

scholars

for

further

numbers,

of which

it

is

hoped

to

bring

out

two

each

year.

The

editors

purpose

to do

their

share

by

undertaking

certain texts

themselves.

It

is

not

the object of

the

series

to

furnish

new

texts

with an elaborate

apparatus

criticus .

The

standard

edition

of some

text

will

be taken, and a


8/136

IV

It

is,

also,

irksome for

a

teacher

to

be

compelled

to

read

the

same selections with

each

incoming

class.

They

pall

upon

his

taste,

and

he

is

apt

to

lose

that

freshness of presentation which

interests

and

captivates

the

student.

A

new text acts as a

stimulus for

both

teacher and

pupil;

and makes it

possible

to

keep

up

the

live

interest in

the subject

which

is otherwise

apt

to

drag in

the

rut of a

single

collection

of texts.

A

recognition

of

these conditions

has

prompted

the

undersigned to

attempt

the publication

of

a series

of

selected

texts

for

use

in

the

class-room. Each text

is

to

be

complete

in itself

and to represent

the work

of

one author or one

department

of

literature.

It is

the

intention of the

editors

to

publish

such texts

at

frequent

intervals

and

to

put

them

on the

market

at a

very

moderate price.

The realization of their

aim

depends

upon the

cooperation

of their colleagues

in Europe

and America. A

preliminary

circular

was

forwarded

last year

to

a

number

of

distinguished

scholars,

and

the

replies

received

were

sufficiently

encouraging

to

warrant a

beginning.

They consider

themselves

particularly

fortunate in

having

secured

for

the

first

number

of

the series the

cooperation

of

Professor

DE

GoEJE,

who

has

kindly

undertaken

to edit

a

selection

from

the

Annals of

at-Tabari.

With equal

readiness,

the

well-known

publishing

house

of

E.

J.

Brill in

Leiden has

agreed

to

become

sponsor

for

the

series; its

name

is

a

sufficient guarantee

for

the


9/136

form

in

which

the

series

will

appear.

It is

the hope

of the undersigned that,

launched

in

so

auspicious

a

manner,

the

series

may

prove

of

use

wherever

Semitic

Languages

have

found

a

home, so that

a

love

and

an

interest

in

this

important

branch

of

the

world's

literature may

be

fostered

and

promoted.

In

asking

for

the

cooperation

of their

colleagues

the

undersigned

hope that it

will

be

given

not only

in

the use

of

the

texts

when

published,

but also

in

their

preparation for

the press.

The editors consider

themselves

to

be

merely

the medium

for

the

publi-

cation

of

these texts.

The

second

number

of the

series

will

contain a

re-publication

of the

Annals

of

A§ur-

banapal

from

the

fifth volume

of the Cuneiform

Inscriptions

of Western Asia .

It

is

being

prepared

by

two

American

students,

M'^

R.

J.

Lau and

Stephen

H.

Langdon.

For

the third

number,

the

services of

Pro-

fessor

Israel

L^vi

of

the Ecole

des

Hautes

Etudes

at

Paris

have

been

secured,

who

is

preparing

a

complete

collection of

the

fragments

of

the

Hebrew

text of

Ecclesiasticus

which

have thus

far

been discovered.

Negotiations have been opened

with

other scholars

for

further

numbers,

of

which

it

is

hoped

to

bring

out

two

each year.

The

editors

purpose

to do

their

share

by

undertaking

certain

texts

themselves.

It

is not the object of

the

series

to furnish

new

texts

with

an elaborate

apparatus

criticus . The

standard

edition

of

some

text

will

be

taken, and

a


10/136

VI

.election

fron.

that

republished.

When

-eBS^y

^^

feasible,

a

collation

mth

the

ongmal

will

be

made

:

order

to

secure

the

greatest

possible

accuracy^

I

is

proposed

to

give

at

least

30

or

40

pages

of

text,

:ZL

by

a

brfef

introduction

dealing

with

the

author,

Lr

w'ith

such

bibliographical

-feren-

-

2^

be

necessary.

Very

few

notes

will

be

added;

and

these

L

text

itself

Here

and

there

references

will

be

fui-

1

t

Tote

standard

.—

^^

;^--;f

;:^

with

Babylonian

and

Assyrian,

Semitic

^^8-?^^'

J^^

Biblical

and

Rabbinic

Hebrew,

and

Aramaic,

a

M

r;

-

-^-

-

r

:;ei.robrs

permits

also

in

French)

will

be

appended.

^

J

^* ko


11/136

INTRODUCTrON.

Abu

6a'far

Muhammad ibn

6arlr

was born in

838

A.D.

in Amol, the

chief

place of

Tabaristan,

whence he

is

commonly

named at-Tabarl,

though he is

often referred

to by

his konyas

(genealogical

designations)

Abu

(ja*far

and Ibn

(jarir.

Upon the

completion of his

elementary

studies

in

his

native

town,

he

obtained permission

from

his

father, who

was

a

man

of means,

to

visit

the great

centres of

Islamic

learning, such

as Ray and Bagdad,

besides

other places in

'Iraq

and

Egypt.

In

this

way

he acquired an

astounding

mass

of learning. He

settled

finally in

Bagdad

about

877,

where he became

a

man

of

great

authority,

but

declining

all

offers

of

wealth

and

power,

lived

a

life

of

austere

frugality,

and

devoted

his

entire

time

to

his

work and

to

his

pupils.

The latter

came

from

the

remotest

quarters

to

hear

him,

and

such

was

the

esteem

in

which

he was

held

that

a

famous

theologian

once

said: Should you

undertake the long

journey

to

China,

only

to hear

Tabarl explain

the

Qoran,

it would

be worth the

trouble.

He

was considered

to

be

the founder

of

a


12/136

new school of

fiqh.

In

reality,

however, his

doctrine

is

that

of

Shafi'i,

from

whom he differs

only in

his

decision

on

questions

of

detail.

Owing

to

the

frankness

with

which

he

was wont to speak his mind,

he had

no

lack

of

enemies, especially

among

the

lower

classes,

whose

idol

Ahmad

ibn Hanbal he had

bluntly

declared

to be

no faqih

(theologico-jurisconsult).

This

opposition

caused

him

many

annoyances

in his later

years

and

he

was obliged

even

to

defend

himself

against the

charge

of

heterodoxy.

His

death took

place in 922.

The

industry

of

Tabari

was

quite

marvellous.

He

left

a great number

of works,

among them some

of

great bulk.

The

text of

the Annals,

containing

the

history

from

the

creation

till

the

year

of

the Flight

302

(914—915

A.D.),

fills

13 volumes

in

the

Leiden

^)

edition;

that

of

the Commentary

on the Qoran,

which

is

at

present being printed

at

Cairo, will occupy 30

volumes. These are

the

only works

of

this author

that

have

survived, with the

exception of

(1)

a

frag-

mentary

compendium

of

a

book

on

the

authorities

of

the traditions

quoted

in

the

Annals, and

which

has

been

published

as

an

appendix

to

the

Leiden

edition;

(2)

fragments of a work on

the diversity

of

opinions

of

the

chief

faqihs,

regarding

which

see

Dr. F. Kern's

article

Tabari's Ihtilaf

alfuqaha' (Zeitschrift der

1)

Annales quos

scripsit

Abu Djafar

Mohammed

ibn

Djarir

at-Tabari

cum

aliis

edidit

M.

J. de Goeje

(Lugd.

Bat.,

Brill

1879—1901).


13/136

INTRODUCTION.

Abu

(ja'far Muhammad ibn (jarlr

was

born in

838 A.D.

in

Amol, the chief place

of

Tabaristan, whence

he

is

commonly

named

at-Tabarl, though he is

often referred

to

by

his konyas (genealogical

designations)

Abu (ia^far

and

Ibn

(jarir.

Upon

the

completion of his

elementary

studies

in

his

native

town,

he

obtained permission

from

his

father,

who

was

a

man

of means,

to

visit

the great

centres of

Islamic

learning,

such

as Ray and Bagdad,

besides

other places

in

*Iraq and

Egypt. In

this

way

he acquired

an

astounding

mass of learning.

He settled

finally in

Bagdad

about

877,

where he

became

a

man

of

great

authority,

but

declining

all offers of

wealth

and

power, lived

a

life

of

austere

frugality,

and

devoted

his

entire

time

to

his

work and

to

his

pupils.

The

latter

came

from

the

remotest

quarters

to

hear

him,

and

such

was

the

esteem

in

which

he was

held

that

a famous

theologian

once

said:

Should

you

undertake

the

long

journey

to China,

only

to hear

Tabarl

explain

the

Qoran,

it

would

be worth

the

trouble.

He

was considered

to

be the founder

of

a


14/136

new

school

of

fiqh.

In

reality,

however,

his

doctrine

is

that of

Shafi'i,

from

whom he differs only in his

decision

on

questions

of

detail.

Owing

to

the

frankness

with which he

was

wont

to speak his

mind,

he

had

no

lack

of enemies, especially

among

the

.

lower

classes,

whose idol Ahmad

ibn

Hanbal

he

had bluntly declared

to be no

faqih

(theologico-jurisconsult).

This

opposition

caused him many annoyances in his later

years

and

he was obliged

even

to

defend

himself against the

charge

of

heterodoxy.

His death

took

place in

922.

The industry of Tabarl

was

quite

marvellous,

lie

left

a great

number of

works,

among them

some

of

great

bulk. The

text

of

the

Annals,

containing

the

history from the

creation

till the

year of the

Flight

302 (914—915 A.D.),

fills

13

volumes

in

the

Leiden

')

edition; that

of

the

Commentary

on the Qoran, which

is

at

present

being printed at Cairo,

will occupy 30

volumes.

These

are

the

only

works of

this

author

that

have survived,

with the exception of

(1)

a frag-

mentary

compendium

of

a

book

on

the

authorities of

the

traditions

quoted

in

the

Annals,

and

which has

been

published

as an

appendix to the

Leiden

edition;

(2)

fragments of a

work on

the diversity

of

opinions

of

the^

chief

faqlhs,

regarding

which see

Dr.

F.

Kern's

article

Tabari's Ihtilaf

alfuqaha'

(Zeitschrift

der

1)

Annales

quos

scripsit Abu

Djafar

Mohammed ibn

Djarir

at-Tabari

cum

aliis

edidit

M.

J. de

Goeje

(Lugd.

Bat., Brill

1879—1901).


15/136

XI

Deutsch Morgl. Gesellsch.

55,

p.

61

—

95 and

(3)the

first

part

of

a

compendium

on

the

principles

of law,

entitled

at-TabsIr

for

which

see

Dr.

C.

H.

Becker's

note

Tabari's

sogenannte Catechesis

Mahometana

(ZDMG ib. 96—97).

A very

good account of the

Commentary

on the Qoran,

by

the

late

Professor

0.

Loth,

will

also

be

found in the

ZDMG

35,

588—628.

By

far

the

most important,

however,

of Tabari's

works

is

his

great historical

compilation, the distin-

guishing

features of

which

are

completeness of

detail,

accuracy,

and

the

truly stupendous learning

of its

author

that

is-

revealed

throughout,

and

that makes

the

Annals

a

vast store-house of valuable

information

for

the

historian

as well as

for

the

student of Islam.

The

work

soon

acquired

a

high

rank as a standard

authority,

and

formed

the basis

to

a

large extent

of

subsequent

chronicles

composed

by

Arabic

historians.

Besides

being

copiously

extracted

by

later

writers, abridgments of

it

were

frequently

prepared

in

Arabic

and

Persian.

As

a

consequence,

the

original

work

became

somewhat

rare

though

manuscripts

of the

Annals

in the form

mostly

of loose

volumes

of different

copies, are

scat-

tered

all

over

the

world.

For some

of its

parts the

Leiden

edition

is

based

on

two

or

more

copies;

for

others

only

a single

manuscript

was available. It is

also

to

be noted

that

some of

the

manuscripts contain

an

abbreviated

text

and

in

such

a

case

the

editor


16/136

XII

could not give more than the

manuscript

supplied,

unless

the

larger

text

had been copied

by later

authors

and

inserted

into their

books.

The

whole

text

fills,

as

has

been

said,

13

volumes.

To these,

two

more volumes

have

been added,

one

containing

the

indexes,

the

other an introduction,

including

a

biography

of

the

author and an

account

of

his works,

a

glossary of

difficult

words

and

expressions,

and

the Addenda

et

Emendanda.

The extract

published

in

this

series

has

been taken from

the

part

edited

by

Professor

Prym

(I

p.

2726—2757),

whose text is

based

on three

manuscripts. The editor's critical

notes

have

been omitted here and replaced

by

references

to

Wright's

Arabic

Grammar,

(3^

ed.)

together,

with

some

brief

explanations

of

names.

In addition,

a selected

list

of

words

and expressions has

been added

to

the

text,

arranged

in

the

order

of

their occurrence,

together

with

their equivalents

in

English and

German

^).

Leiden,

M.

J.

de

Goeje.

August

1902.

1)

For

farther

notices

about TabarT and

about

the

Annals, the

student

is

referred to

Prof,

de

Goeje's

elaborate

and

valuable

Introduction

above

mentioned

especially

p.

I

—

XTX

;

and to

Carl Brockelmann's

Geschichte

der

Arabischen Litteratur

I

(Weimar

1898)

p.

143 et seq.

together

with the

bibliographical

references

there given [Editors].

1


17/136

XI

Deutsch

Morgl.

Gesellsch.

55,

p.

61—95

and

(3)the

first

part

of

a

compendium

on

the

principles

of

law,

entitled

at-TabsIr

for

which

see

Dr.

C.

H.

Becker's

note

Tabari's

sogenannte

Catechesis

Mahometana

(ZDMG

ib.

96—97). A

very

good

account

of

the

Commentary on

the

Qoran,

by

the

late

Professor

0.

Loth,

will

also be

found

in the

ZDMG

35,

588—628.

By

far

the most

important, however,

of

Tabarl's

works

is

his great

historical

compilation,

the distin-

guishing

features

of which are

completeness of

detail,

accuracy, and

the

truly stupendous

learning

of its

author

that

is

revealed

throughout,

and

that

makes

the

Annals

a vast store-house of

valuable

information

for

the

historian as

well as for

the

student

of

Islam.

The

work

soon

acquired a

high

rank as a

standard

authority,

and formed

the basis to

a

large

extent of

subsequent

chronicles

composed

by Arabic

historians.

Besides being

copiously

extracted

by later

writers,

abridgments of

it

were

frequently

prepared

in

Arabic

and

Persian.

As

a consequence,

the original

work became

somewhat

rare

though

manuscripts

of

the Annals in

the

form

mostly

of

loose volumes

of

different

copies, are scat-

tered

all over the

world.

For some of its

parts

the

Leiden

edition is based

on

two or

more

copies;

for

others

only

a

single

manuscript

was

available. It

is

also

to

be

noted

that

some of the

manuscripts

contain

an

abbreviated

text and

in

such

a

case

the

editor


18/136

XII

could not

give more

than

the

manuscript

supplied,

unless

the larger text had been

copied

by

later

authors

and

inserted

into

their

books.

The

whole

text

fills,

as

has

been said,

13

volumes. To

these,

two

more

volumes

have been

added,

one

containing

the

indexes, the other

an

introduction,

including

a

biography

of

the

author

and

an account

of

his

works,

a

glossary

of

difficult

words

and

expressions,

and

the

Addenda

et

Emendanda.

The

extract

published

in

this

series

has been

taken

from the

part edited

by Professor

Prym

(I

p.

2726—2757), whose text

is

based

on

three manuscripts.

The editor's

critical

notes

have

been omitted here

and

replaced

by references

to

Wright's

Arabic Grammar,

(3^

ed.)

together

with

some

brief

explanations

of names. In

addition,

a

selected

list

of

words

and

expressions has

been

added

to

the text,

arranged in the order of

their

occurrence,

together

with

their equivalents

in English

and

Grerman

*).

Leiden,

M.

J.

de

Goeje.

August

1902.

1)

For

further

notices

about

TabarT

and about the Annals,

the

student

is

referred

to

Prof,

de

Goeje's

elaborate

and

valuable

Introduction

above

mentioned

especially

p.

I

—

XIX

;

and

to

Carl

Brockelmann's

Geschichte der

Arabischen

Litteratur

I (Weimar

1898)

p.

143

et

seq.

together

with the

bibliographical references

there given

[Editors].


19/136

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,

b

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kj1c

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II,

100

C.

c) II,

158

D.

d) II, 170

CD.

e)

11,

42

D.

1


20/136

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II,

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ye

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89 footnote.


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8/9/20

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Selections From the Annals of Tabari

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