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Seljuk Turks & Ottoman Empire
Spread of Islam 814
Crusades 1096-1270
Seljuk Turks Nomadic group from Central Asian Steppe Originally hired as soldiers in Baghdad
under the Abbasid rulers → leads to their control of the Abbasid gov’t
Controlled trade through Asia, Europe & Middle East (crossroads of the world)
Sunni Islam Defeated Byzantine Empire at the Battle of
Manzikert 1071 After 20 years, the Seljuks conquered
Palestine → leads to the Crusades
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent1520 - 1566
Topkapi Palace
JANISSARIES
• The sultans pursued a policy of seizing Christian boys and raising them to be devout Muslim warriors known as janissaries.
• This elite warrior class of slaves became the sultan’s personal army until the 19th Century.
THE MILLET SYSTEM
• Ottoman law also permitted non-Muslims to practice their faith in return for paying a head tax or harachi.
• Turkish laws were made which allowed the empire’s diverse religious groups to run affairs in their own communities or millets.
• Each millet presented their views to the sultan through a leader they had chosen.
Suleiman Mosque
Safavid & Mogul/Mughal Empires
Safavid Empire 1502-1736
Defeated Ottoman Turks in 1603 to regain Baghdad (used diplomacy w/ England in war)
Set up court in Isfahan
Imam mosque Persian culture
spread (Farsi influenced Urdu, Pakistani language)
Shah Abbas (1571-1629)
• They encouraged rug weaving as a state industry.
• Persian rugs became noted for their high quality and artistic excellence.
SAFAVID TEXTILES
Safavid Court
Persian women Princes
Isfahan
Mogul Empire
(Mughal Empire)
1526-1707
Babur of Ferghana(r. 1526-1530)
• Set up Mughal dynasty in northern India after making war on the raj puts
• Claimed to be a descendant of both Genghis Khan and Timur Lenk (Mongol leaders)
Humayun’s Tomb (Babur’s son)
Akbar the Great 1542-
1605• System of rule, known as the mansabdari, was based on loyal service and cash payments
• Religious tolerance (Hindu, Shi’ite & Sunni) → Tried to set up a new religion “Divine Faith” (Din-i-Ilahi)
• Valued education & set up a library
Taj MahalTomb of Shah Jahan & Mumtaz Mahal (wife)
“A tear on the cheek of eternity“ - Rabindranath Tagore (Indian poet)
Sikhism The opening sentence of
the Sikh scriptures is only two words long and reflects the base belief of all who follow the religion: ੴ - Ek Onkar (One
Creator)The founder:
Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1538) The followers of Sikhism are ordained to follow the teachings of the Ten Sikh Gurus and other saints as scripted in their 1430 page holy scripture the Guru Granth Sahib (a sacred text considered by Sikhs to be their eleventh and final Guru)