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SHELL ECO-MARATHON CARTECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL EFFICIENCY
Colin Chin
Shell Global Solutions
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Shell Eco-marathon Objectives
It is not just about building a car
It is about building a fuel efficient car
October 2011 2
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Top Teams
1.0
Aug 2014 3
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SEM 2014 Europe Winner Prototype Gasoline
La Joliverie Projet Microjoule
Prototype Gasoline (Petrol)
3314.9 km/l
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Top Teams
Enablers
Streamlined body
Internal wheels Light vehicle (and components)
Low friction
Simplicity
Consume < 5 ml for entire run
Small engine
Use the engine only 2-3 timesper lap
Free-wheels most of the time
October 2011 5
Learn from the top teams
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Concepts
2.0
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Energy & the Engine
Why is The Engine Used?
To accelerate
To keep moving
Energy
The less energy needed to do the above, the less fuel is consumed
How far can your car go if you give it a push?
Winning cars may go as far as 80 m with a single push
October 2011 7
5 m?
80 m?
Push
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How to Use Less Fuel?
October 2011 8
Smallerengine
Lighter car
Less engineuse
Less drag
Less friction
Bearings
Drive train
Engine
Rolling resistance Tyres
Lubrication
Glide
Design
Efficient components
ElectronicsOptimumconditions
Tuning/ settingsSpeed
Driving style
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Consider
Everything Counts
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Weight
Wheels Drive train Engine
Drag
Bearings
Driver
Efficiency
Friction
Weight
Brakes
Settings
Battery Body Specs
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Technologies Employed in SEM Cars
Reduce weight by use of
Innovative light weight materials
Optimized selection of engineand vehicle components
Fuel / power train optimization Computerized fuel injection and
timing
Advanced electronics andcomputer control
To improve efficiency varioustechnologies are employed:
Reduce friction/drag
Special tyres
Aerodynamic design Low viscosity engine oil / gear oil
Low friction engines
Low friction bearings &
components
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Aerodynamic Design
To reduce drag
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Engine
Engine selection
A large an engine is heavy and will consume more fuel
It should be small, but powerful enough to move the car up a hill Engine friction (materials and lubrication)
Hub motors in BEV may not be the most efficient
Engine optimization
Compression ratio
Timing
Fuel injection/carburetor
Air/Fuel mixture
Injector condition
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Engine Size
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Engine
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Tyres
Low friction tyres to reducerolling resistance
Design
What is the best size?What is the best profile?
Weight
Covered tyres for reduced windresistance
Correct tyre inflation
Underinflated tyres can give highfuel consumption
Correct alignment andbalancing
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Reducing Internal Friction
Low friction bearings Low viscosity engine oil
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Drive Train
What is the most efficient drive train?
Belt, chain, gear?
Friction Reliability
Ensure that your drive train is as efficient as possible Correct gear/chain ratios
Sufficient gear ratios
Dis-engagement from engine during when free-wheeling
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Minimize Weight
Component selection/design
Engine
Drive train Chassis
Body
Steering system
Battery size
Light weight materials
Carbon fibre
Plastic
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Optimized Components
Every component contributes to fuel efficiency
Keep the design simple
Does the component need to be there? Is it the right size/capacity (will a smaller unit work)?
Can it be removed?
Can it be replaced by a more efficient system/component? Can it be made of a different material?
Is it too heavy (can a lighter version be used) ?
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Optimized Components
Settings
Is the engine tuned correctly (engine timing)?
Is the fuel injection timing correct? Fuel pressure
Tyre pressure, alignment
Gear ratios
Properly lubricated?
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Fuel Injection Systems
Carburetors are not as efficient
Fuel injection systems help control the amount of fuel used thereby
improving fuel efficiency (this is now common in the auto industry)
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Advanced Electronics and Computer Control
Advanced electronics and computer control can be used to optimizefuel usage and car settings
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Driving Strategy
Driving strategy also plays an important role in efficiency
Manage the speed
Dont accelerate unnecessarily High speed doesnt give good efficiency
Drive smoothly
Racing line It is not necessary to have the engine running all the time
Plan when you need to use the engine
Make use of gravity
Coast when possible
Drive with the correct gear for the speed of the vehicle
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Test Your Car
Find out the most efficient operating conditions for your car before therace:
Tyre inflation Speed
Engine cut off
Gearing Engine tuning
Best driver
Do the Push Test !
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