sem rep on epap

8/17/2019 sem rep on epap

1/24

A

Seminar Report

on

Android

in

partial fulfillment

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science and Engineering

Signature of Guide Signature of H.O.D

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Vidya College of Engineering

eerut

Se!!ion "#$%&"#$'


2/24

Declaration

I hereby declare that the Seminar Report “ Android ” is our

own work and effort and that it has not been submitted

anywhere for any award. The text embodied in this report has

not been submitted to any other university or Institute for the

award of any degree or diploma.

ate! "kansh #ain

4


3/24

$roud $ast $romising %uture

Vidya College of Engineering, Meerut

CERT()(CATE

This is to certify that the seminar report on “&ndroid” is a bonafide

record of work done by 'ikhil (umar )*+,,-* + /0 under our

guidance in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Technology in

Computer Science and Engineering . 1is performance was

found satisfactory and we wish him all the best for his bright future.

The text embodied in this report has not been submitted to

any other university or Institute for the award of any degree.

*unit ittal Dr. Ra+endra ,umar

A!!i!tant *rofe!!or HOD

CSE CSE

5


4/24

ABSTRACT Android is a software stack for mobile devices

that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. It

can be considered as a software platform as well as an operating

system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and

developed by Google and the Open andset Alliance. It allows

developers to write managed code in a !ava"like language that utili#es

Google"developed !ava libraries.

$he android architecture consists of key applications, application

framework, core libraries, android runtime and a Linux kernel. $he main

features of android applications are which have an integrated browser,

%&Lite for data storage, support for common audio, video formats and it

has G%', ()G(, *G and +i" i connectivity etc

An android application consists of four important parts. $hey are Activity,

Intent receiver, services and content provider. $here are some

application development tools like (clipse for the android phones.

Google also develop emulator of android phone. +hich help the

application developers to run the application without an android phone.

'any versions of android operating system are available like

Gingerbread, oneycomb, royo etc. the latest one is -Ice ream%andwich/ ie, Android0.1 . $he development of android made a boom in

the mobile technology field.

6


5/24

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&CO-TE-T &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

2. (-TROD CT(O- TO A-DRO(D

$.$ Open HA-DSET A//(A-CE

3. )EAT RES

".$ Dal0i1 0irtual machine

"." (ntegrated Bro2!er

".3 S4/(T

".5 CO--ECT(V(T6

".% ESSAGES

".' ED(A S **ORT

".7 ADD(T(O-A/ HARD8ARE S **ORT

".9 A-DRO(D AR,ET

".7 /T(TAS,(-G

*. A-DRO(D ARCH(TECT RE

3.$ ,E6 A**/(ACAT(O-S

3." A**/(CAT(O- )RA E8OR,

*.3.2 A $I4I$5 'A6AG(7

*.3.3 O6$(6$ 87O4I)(7

*.3.*. 7(%O97 ( 'A6AG(7

*.3.0 LO A$IO6 'A6AG(7

*.3.: 6O$I I A$IO6 'A6AG(7

*.3.; 4I(+ %5%$('

*.3.< $(L(8 O65 'A6AG(7

*.3.= +I6)O+ 'A6AG(7

3.3 /(BRAR(ES*.*.2 %97 A ( 'A6AG(7

*.*.3 '()IA (A'(+O7>

*.*.* %&LI$(

*.*.0 O8(6 GL

*.*.: 7(( $58(

*.*.; +(?>I$ *) LI?7A7I(%

*.*.< %GL

*.*.= %%L

7


6/24

*.*.@ LI?

3.5 A-DRO(D R -T( E

*.0.2 )AL4I> 4I7$9AL 'A I6(

3.% /(- : ,ER-A/

*.:.2 ?I6)(7 )7I4(7

*.:.3 8O+(7 'A6AG('(6$

0. A88LI A$IO6 A6A$O'5

5.$ ACT(V(T6

5." (-TE-T REC(EVER

5.3 SERV(CE

5.5 CO-TE-T *ROV(DER

:. )(4(LO8'(6$ $OOL%

;. A6)7OI) 4(7%IO6%


7/24

(-TROD CT(O- TO A-DRO(D

$he term Android B has its origin in the Greek word andr 2, meaning

man or maleB and the suffix " eide! , used to mean alike or of the s

peciesB. $his together means as much as ;eing human B.

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an

operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a

software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the

Linux operating system and developed by Google and the Open

andset Alliance CO AD.

Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc.,

in August, 311:, making Android Inc. a wholly"owned subsidiary of

Google Inc. Android operating system is based upon a modified version

of the Linux kernel, which is the most prominent examples of free and

open source software. Google and other members of the Open andset Alliance collaborated on AndroidEs development and release. $he

Android Open %ource 8roFect CAO%8D is tasked with the maintenance

and further development of Android.

$he second section this seminar holds the features of android phones.

It contains connectivity, marketing, browsing etc.

$he third section consists of architecture of the android operatingsystem. $he main components of architecture are Linux kernel, dalvik

virtual machine, libraries, application framework, key applications etc

$he fourth section describes the anatomy of an android application. $he

main topics in this section are activity, intent receiver, service and

content provider.

$he tools used for development of android application are

include9


8/24

$.$ O*E- HA-DSET A//(A-CE<

On the 6ovember :, 311< the Open andset Alliance ,

a consortium of several companies which include ?roadcom

orporation , Google , $ , Intel , LG,'arvell $echnology

Group , 'otorola , 6vidia , &ualcomm , %amsung (lectronics , %print

6extel , $"'obile and $exas Instruments unveiled itself. $he goal

of the Open andset Alliance is to develop open standards for

mobile devices. On the same day, the Open andset Alliance

also unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile

device platform built on the Linux kernel version 3.;.

CHA*TER "

10

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consortiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Tech_Computer_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consortiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Tech_Computer_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instrumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliance


9/24

)EAT RES

".$ DA/V(, V(RT A/ ACH(-E<

It is extremely low"memory based virtual machine, which was designed

especially for Android to run on embedded systems and work well in low

power situations. It is also tuned to the 89 attributes. $he )alvik 4'

creates a special file format C.)(HD that is created through build time

post processing. onversion between !ava classes and .)(H format is

done by included dxB tool.

"." (-TEGRATED BRO8SER<

Google made a right choice on choosing +eb>it as open source webbrowser. $hey added a two pass layout and frame flattening. $wo pass

layout loads a page without waiting for blocking elements, such as

external %% or external !ava%cript and after a while renders again with

all resources downloaded to the device. rame flattening converts

founded frames into single one and loads into the browser. $hese

features increase speed and usability browsing the internet via mobile

phone.

".3 S4/ite<

11


10/24

%&Lite is used for structured data storage. (xtremely small C :11kbD

relational database management system, which is integrated in Android.

It is based on function calls and single file, where all definitions, tables

and data are stored. $his simple design is more than suitable for a

platform such as Android.

".5 CO--ECT(V(T6<

Android supports a wide variety of connectivity technologies including

G%', )'A, ?luetooth, ()G(, (4)O, *G and +i" i.

".% ESSAG(-G<

%'%, ''%, and H'88 are available forms of messaging including

threaded text messaging.

".' ED(A S **ORT<

Android will support advanced audioJvideoJstill media formats such as

'8(G"0, .3;0, '8*, and AA , A'7, !8(G, 86G, GI .

".7 ADD(T(O-A/ HARD8ARE S **ORT<

Android is fully capable of utili#ing videoJstill cameras, touchscreens,

G8%, compasses, accelerometers, and accelerated *) graphics.

".9 AR,ET<

12


11/24

$he Android 'arket is a catalog of applications that can be downloaded

and installed to Android devices over"the"air, without the use of a 8 .

".= /T(TAS,(-G<

'ultitasking of applications is available.

CHA*TER 3

13

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Market


12/24

A-DRO(D ARCH(TECT RE

Architecture of android operating system

3.$ Application!

Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client,

%'% program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All

applications are written using the !ava programming language.

3." Application )rame2or1

14


13/24

%itting above the native libraries and runtime, you/ll find the Application

ramework layer. $his layer provides the high"level building blocks you

will use to create your applications. $he framework comes preinstalled

with Android, but you can also extend it with your own components as

needed.

$he most important parts of the framework are as follows

3.".$ Activity Manager $his controls the life cycle of applications and

maintains a common backstackB for user navigation.

3."." Content providers < $hese obFects encapsulate data that needs

to be shared between applications, such as contacts.3.".3 Resource manager 7esources are anything that goes with your

program that is not code.

!"!# $ocation manager An Android phone always knows where it is.

!"!% &otification manager' (vents such as arriving messages,

appointments, proximity alerts, alien invasions, and more can be

presented in an unobtrusive fashion to the user .!"!( V)E* S+STEM (nabling applications to access data from other

applications or to share their own data

!"! TE$E-./&+ MA&A0ER 8rovides core telephoning

functionalities

!"!1 *)&D/* MA&A0ER' $he window manager creates display

surfaces for the application. It is 7esponsible for organi#ing the screenand display of different Layers of application

3.3 /(BRAR(ES

$he next layer above the kernel contains the Android native libraries.

$hese shared libraries are all written in or KK, compiled for the

particular hardware architecture used by the phone, and preinstalled by

the phone vendor.

15


14/24

%ome of the most important native libraries include the following

i. S R)ACE A-AGER 'anages access to the

display subsystem and seamlessly composites 3) and d

graphic layers from multiple applications.

ii. ED(A /(BRAR(ES $he libraries support playback

and recording of many popular audio and video formats as well

as static image files, including

'8(G0, .3;0,'8*,AA ,A'7,!8G and 86G.

iii. S4/ite A powerful and lightweight relationaldatabase engine available to all applications

iv. O*E- G/ < %ubset of the OpenGL *) graphics A8I

designed for embedded devices. It can use for hardware *)

acceleration.

v. )REE T6*E < ?itmap and vector font rendering. It is

used to rasteri#e the characters into bitmaps and provides intoother font"related operations.

vi. 8e;,it < A framework providing the basis for

building a web browser based on the open source +eb>it

browser .

vii. SG/ < %GL is the underlying 3) graphics engine .

viii. SS/ $he %ecure %ocket Layer is a commonly"usedprotocol for managing the security of a message transmission on

the intrnet.

ix. /i;C < A ?%) M based implementation of the

standard library. +hich is tuned for embedded Linux"based

devices.

16


15/24

3.5 Android Runtime

Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the

functionality available in the core libraries of the !ava programming

language.

(very Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance

of the )alvik virtual machine. )alvik has been written so that a device

can run multiple 4's efficiently. $he )alvik 4' executes files in the

)alvik (xecutable C.dexD format which is optimi#ed for minimal memory

footprint. $he 4' is register"based, and runs classes compiled by a

!ava language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format

by the included NdxN tool.

$he )alvik 4' relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionalitysuch as threading and low"level memory management.

3.5.$ Dal0i1 Virtual achine

$he )alvik virtual machine is simple !ava interpreter machine,

completely optimi#ed for Androidplatform and which is developed to run on low"end memory mobile

devices. One of the prominent aspects in )alvik its capability to run

along an application compilation enhancing the runtime performance of

the applications. )alvik is not exactly, a !ava machine, because )alvik

could not read !ava code, but consists its own byte code called dexB

and so the executable files compacted using )alvik holds the file type

name E.dexE. Google states that the credit for Androids successful17


16/24

development goes to )alvik 4', because this type of virtual machine,

delivers a good performance over various stages of an application

runtime environment, conserving more battery"power during long run of

an application.

A small drawback with )alvik, is its none"compatibility with !ava %(

libraries, !ava '( class libraries and %wing !ava libraries, while they

cannot be and need not to"be run directly on this virtual machine. It

uses its own Apache armony !ava implementation libraries. )espite of

the earlier reason, its escalated AndroidEs value proposition due to its

minimal"electrical power consumption, vast library resources, and non"fragmentary application programming interface, unlike its !ava rivals.

!ava related brands and trademarks are owned by %un 'icro %ystems

Inc., which is soon to be ac uired by Oracle orporation. Another

significant fact that assures the open source status of Android, is that

%un orp, cannot claim on the usage of !ava"like programming

language, since Android uses a !ava 4irtual execution environment

developed by Google. %18


17/24

$he core >a0a li;rarie! that come with Android are different from both

the !ava %tandard (dition C!ava %(D libraries and the !ava 'obile

(dition C!ava '(D libraries. $here is a substantial amount of overlap,

however.

3.% /inu? ,ernel

Android relies on Linux version 3.; for core system services such as

security, memory management, process management, network stack,and driver model. $he kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between

the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

3.%.$ *o2er anagement

?ased on the standard Linux 8ower 'anagement,, Android has its owncomponent. A light"weight power management diver built top of it. 89

shouldn/t consume power if no applications or services re uire power.

3.%." B(-DER @(*C DR(VER

)river to facilitate inter"process communication between applications

and services. $he binder driver provides high performance throughshared memory, synchronous calls between processes.

19


18/24


19/24

A component , which allows sharing some of the data with other

processes and applications. It is the best way to communicate the

applications between each other .Android will ship with a set of core

applications including an email client, %'% program, calendar, maps,

browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using the !ava

programming language.

21


20/24

CHA*TER %

DEVE/O* E-T TOO/S

$he Android %)> includes a variety of custom tools that help you

develop mobile applications on the Android platform. $hree of the most

significant tools are

• Android Emulator " A 0irtual mo;ile de0ice that runs on our

omputer "use to design, debug, and test our applications in an

Actual Android run"time environment

• Android De0elopment Tool! *lugin "for the Eclip!e (DE adds

powerful extensions to the (clipse integrated environment

• Dal0i1 De;ug onitor Ser0ice @DD S D "Integrated with Dal0i1

"this tool let us manage processes on an emulator and assists in

debugging

22


21/24

CHA*TER '

A-DRO(D VERS(O-S

Ver!ion Code name Relea!e date A*( le0el Di!tri;ution

'.# & '.#.$ 'arshmallow October :, 312: 3* 3.*P

%.$ & %.$.$

Lollipop

'arch @, 312: 33 [email protected]

%.# & %.#." 6ovember *, 3120 32 2;.@P

5.5 & 5.5.5 >it>at October *2, 312* 2@ *0.*P

5.3 & 5.3.$

!elly ?ean

!uly 30, 312* 2= *.3P

5." & 5."." 6ovember 2*, 3123 2< 22.1P

5.$ & 5.$." !uly @, 3123 2; =.2P

5.# & 5.#.5 Ice ream %andwich )ecember 2;, 3122 2: 3.*P

".3 & ".3.7 Gingerbread ebruary @, 3122 21 3.;P

23

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_6.0_Marshmallow_.28API_level_23.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Marshmallowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_5.1.E2.80.935.1.1_Lollipop_.28API_level_22.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Lollipophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_5.0.E2.80.935.0.2_Lollipop_.28API_level_21.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.4.E2.80.934.4.4_KitKat_.28API_level_19.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_KitKathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.3.E2.80.934.3.1_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_18.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Jelly_Beanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.2.E2.80.934.2.2_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_17.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.1.E2.80.934.1.2_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_16.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.0.3.E2.80.934.0.4_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_.28API_level_15.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_2.3.3.E2.80.932.3.7_Gingerbread_.28API_level_10.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Gingerbreadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_6.0_Marshmallow_.28API_level_23.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Marshmallowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_5.1.E2.80.935.1.1_Lollipop_.28API_level_22.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Lollipophttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_5.0.E2.80.935.0.2_Lollipop_.28API_level_21.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.4.E2.80.934.4.4_KitKat_.28API_level_19.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_KitKathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.3.E2.80.934.3.1_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_18.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Jelly_Beanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.2.E2.80.934.2.2_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_17.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.1.E2.80.934.1.2_Jelly_Bean_.28API_level_16.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_4.0.3.E2.80.934.0.4_Ice_Cream_Sandwich_.28API_level_15.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Ice_Cream_Sandwichhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Android_2.3.3.E2.80.932.3.7_Gingerbread_.28API_level_10.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Gingerbread


22/24

CHA*TER 7

CO-C/ S(O-

'obile software development has evolved over time. Android has

emerged as a new mobile development platform, building on past

successes and avoiding past failures of other platforms .Android wasdesigned to empower the developer to write innovative applications

.$he platform is open source, with no up"front fees, and developers

enFoy many benefits over other competing platforms.

• Android is open to all industry, developers and users

• 8articipating in many of the successful open source proFects• Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.

• Google Android is stepping into the next level of 'obile Internet

24


23/24

CHA*TER 9

RE)ERE-CES

• http< 222.android.com " Android Official +ebpage

• http< de0eloper.android.com guide ;a!ic! 2hat&i!&

android.html• http< code.google.com android 2hat&i!&android.html

• http< 222.openhand!etalliance.com " Open andset

Alliance +ebpage

• http< 222.android2i1i.com M Android +iki

25


24/24

26

Date post:	06-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	hemant-khokhar
View:	220 times
Download:	0 times

sem rep on epap

Documents