Semantic Annotations in the Archaeological Domain Andreas Vlachidis, Ceri Binding, Keith May,...

Semantic Annotations in the Archaeological Domain Andreas Vlachidis, Ceri Binding, Keith May, Douglas Tudhope

STARSemantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources

STAR - Semantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources

About This Presentation The STAR projectAims and ObjectivesArchitecture of Semantic Access to Disparate data setsAdapted Conceptual Models and Knowledge ResourcesProgress to date and available Web servicesSemantic Annotations PathwayThe aim of the ResearchOBIE for rich, semantic indexing Domain Specific RequirementsExcavating Grey Literature DocumentsGeneral Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)Rule Based Pattern Matching ApproachesGold Standard Pilot Evaluation Adaptation Issues and ConclusionsOntological Model VerbosityPrototype Query BuilderPrototype Indexing DeploymentIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


The STAR Project3 year AHRC funded projectStarted January 2007, finish December 2009Collaborators English Heritage RSLIS, DenmarkAimsTo investigate the potential of semantic terminology tools for widening access to digital archaeology resources, including disparate datasets and associated grey literatureTo demonstrate cross search and browsing at detailed, meaningful level

Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


STAR - General ArchitectureRRADRPRERDF Based Common Ontology Data Layer (CRM / CRMEH / SKOS)GreyliteratureEH thesauri, glossariesLEAPSTANIADBData Mapping / NormalisationConversionIndexingWeb Services, SQL, SPARQLApplications Server Side, Rich Client, BrowserIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Conceptual Models and Knowledge ResourcesCRM [ http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/ ]CIDOC Conceptual Reference ModelInternational standard ISO 21127:2006CRMEH [ http://hypermedia.research.glam.ac.uk/kos/CRM/ ] English Heritage Ontological ModelExtends CIDOC CRM for archaeological domainSKOS [ http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ ]Simple Knowledge Organization SystemRDF representation of thesauri, glossaries, taxonomies, classification schemes etc. Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


CIDOC Conceptual Reference ModelThe CIDOC CRM is intended to promote a shared understanding of cultural heritage information by providing a common and extensible semantic framework that any cultural heritage information can be mapped to [ http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/ ]About 80 classes and 130 properties for cultural and natural historyIntellectual guide to create schemata, formats, profiles Extension of CRM with a categorical level, e.g. reoccurring eventsBest practice guide for data integration (mapping) Transportation format for data integration / migration /InternetIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


CIDOC Conceptual Reference Modelparticipate inhave locationwithinatrefer toE1 CRM EntityE41 AppellationsE55 TypesE2 Temp. Entities(Events)E52 Time-SpansE39 Actors(persons, inst.)E19 Physical ObjectsE53 Placesrefer to / identifyrefer to / refineIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


CRMEH- English Heritage Ontological ModelAdopting and extending CRM for complete picture of on-site and off-site processes. Entities and relationships relating to Stratigraphic relations and phasing information, finds recording and environmental sampling.The extended CRM model CRM-EH, comprises 125 extension sub-classes and 4 extension sub-properties.Multiple disconnected databases and legacy data: CRM as semantic glue to pull the data together



CRMEH A Closer LookEH_E0007.ContextE62.StringEH_E0061.ContextUIDEH_E0005.GroupEH_E0022.ContextDepictionEH_E0008.ContextStuffE54.DimensionE60.NumberE55.TypeE58.MeasurementUnitP3.has_noteP3.1.has_typeE55.TypeP87.is_identified_by(identifies)P89.falls_withinP87.is_identified_by(identifies)EH_P3.occupiedP43.has_dimensionP90.has_valueP91.has_unitP2.has_typeDescription, Interpretive comments, Post-ex commentsLength, width, height, diameter etc.Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Simple Knowledge Organisation SystemStandard set for representationThesauri, Taxonomies, Classification SchemesPublication of controlled structured vocabulariesIntended for the Semantic Web Built upon standard RDF(S)/XML W3C technologies Looser semantics than e.g. OWL


English Heritage ThesauriMonument types thesaurusClassification of monument type records Evidence thesaurusArchaeological evidenceMDA object types thesaurusArchaeological objectsBuilding materials thesaurusConstruction materialsArchaeological sciences thesaurusSampling and processing methods and materialsTimelines thesaurusPeriods, and time-based entitiesIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Data Mapping and ExtractionExtraction of data to RDF triples5 archaeological datasetsCustom data extraction applicationConversion of controlled terminology7 thesauri converted to SKOS27 glossaries created in SKOSCreated based on recording manualsMultiTes XSL transformation to SKOS



Applications and UtilitiesData Mapping and Extraction UtilityBespoke mapping/extraction utility Extract archaeological data conforming to mappingSemi-automated mannerPrototype CRM Browser Prototype CRM browserQuery entry of free-text search terms Option to navigate the results of returned queries. Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


STAR Data Mapping and Extraction UtilityEntry boxes corresponding to Entity-Relationship-Entity elements of the CRM-EH statement.SQL query building up: SQL query incorporating selectable consistent URIs (CRM, CRM-EH, SKOS, Dublin Core and others). Query execution against the selected database Tabular data export to RDF format fileIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Prototype CRM BrowserTest and demonstrate interoperability between datasets.Incorporated the SKOS based thesauri browsing interface Distinguish between results, colour coding Search for Nauheim Brooch, Browse results and drill deeperLink to live data, via returned URL hyperlinksIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Semantic Annotations PathwaySemantic Annotationsspecific metadata generation and usage schema aimed to automate identification of concepts and their relationships in documents Research effortDirected towards the generation of rich document indices carrying semantic and interoperable properties for the purposes of semantic interoperability .Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Ontology Based Information ExtractionAdvance Information RetrievalBeyond the limitations of words to the level of conceptsAid Information RetrievalTo make inferences from heterogeneous data sourcesInformation Extraction A specific text analysis task aimed to extract specific information snippets from documents Ontologies to drive/inform IE To describe the conceptual arrangements of semantic annotations. Ontologies; a mediator technology between concepts and their worded representationsIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Archaeology Domain & Upper Level OntologiesThompson Reuters - Gnosis Plug-in Limitations of Upper level and Lightweight Ontologies in specialised domainse.g. Archaeology Grey Literature Document



Excavating Grey Literature DocumentsRaunds reportsOnline AccesS to the Index of archaeological excavationS (OASIS) [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/oasis/]Library of unpublished fieldwork reportsEnglish Heritage listed Buildings System (LBS) Semantic Indexing Interoperable technologies W3C standardsXML, RDF representation TEI adoption Grey Literature; source materials that can not be found through the conventional means of publication Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Information Extraction Framework General Architecture for Text EngineeringXML structures to represent semantic propertiesEH Thesaurus - Object Types -Archaeological Periods Java Pattern EngineADS OASIS Grey Literature Ontology -CIDOC CRM-EHGazetteer ListsIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


GATE Mapping of Knowledge ResourcesCIDOC

E53. PlaceEH E0007 ContextEH E0005 GroupCRM-EH

Natural Language

Layer22 PitsEH ThesauriGlossariesOnto-Gazetteer Utility

Gazetteer Lists Reference to SKOS mapped to the MinorType attribute of list entriesIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


JAPE Pattern Matching RulesDitch containing prehistoric pottery dating to the Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age along with burnt flints and flint flakesE53 PlaceE49Time AppellationE19 Physical ObjectPattern Matching Rules expanded beyond simple gazetteer look-up

Natural Language Gazetteer Look-up

E49

E49Late Bronze Age or Early Iron AgeE49

E19prehistoric potteryE53(/)

Ditch containing prehistoric potteryIntroduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


A Cascading Extraction Process A cascading order of natural language processes over text Expanding from simple gazetteer Look-Up matching rules to complex JAPE transducers Build up from previously defined annotations to express annotation structures (templates) of ontological concepts Introduction STAR Semantic Annotations Excavating Grey Lit. Conclusions


Annotation Types exposed in XMLAnnotation Types Ditch containing prehistoric pottery

(Ditch containing prehistoric pottery)Semantic Attributes for Annotation Types

STARSemantic Technologies for Archaeological Resources

http://hypermedia.research.glam.ac.uk/kos/star/http://andronikos.kyklos.co.uk

[email protected]@[email protected]@glam.ac.uk

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