SUBMITTED BY:

VAHORA TANVI

INTRODUCTION

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in

which information is given well-defined meaning, better

enabling computers and people to work in co-operation.

Semantic Web vision was conceived by

Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the

World Wide Web.

Berners-Lee defines the Semantic Web

as “A web of data that can be processed

directly and indirectly by machines.”

HISTORY

Web 1.0(1991-2003) Web 1.0 (1991-2003) is a retronym which refers to the state of the

World Wide Web, and any website design style used before the

advent of the Web 2.0 phenomenon. Web 1.0 began with the

release of the WWW to the public in 1991, and is the general term

that has been created to describe the Web.

Some typical design elements of a Web 1.0 site include: Static pages instead of dynamic user-generated content.

The use of framesets.

Proprietary HTML extensions such as the <blink> and <marquee> tags introduced during the first browser war.

Online guestbook.

HTML forms sent via email. A user would fill in a form, and upon clicking submit their email client would attempt to send an email containing the form's details.

WEB 1.0 EXAMPLE

This web site is example of web 1.0 because the site

allows the user to only view pages or search information

at best, but the user interaction is minimum and the site

is basically static.

WEB 2.0

o The term "Web 2.0" (2004–present) is commonly

associated with web applications that facilitate

interactive information sharing, interoperability,

user-centered design and collaboration on the

World Wide Web

o Examples of Web 2.0 include web-based

communities, web applications, social-

networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis and

blogs etc.

WEB 2.0 EXAMPLE

Facebook is a social networking site and it is a

prominent example of web 2.0. This site allows user to

make friends, write them messages, chat with them,

upload and share photos etc. activities.

WEB 3.0

The Semantic Web is a mesh of information linked up in such a way

as to be easily process able by machines

The Semantic Web was thought up by Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of

the WWW, URIs, HTTP, and HTML.

There is a dedicated team of people at the World Wide Web

consortium (W3C) working to improve, extend and standardize the

system, and many languages, publications, tools and so on have

already been developed. However, Semantic Web technologies are

still very much in their infancies, and although the future of the

project in general appears to be bright, there seems to be little

consensus about the likely direction and characteristics of the early

Semantic Web.

WEB 3.0 EXAMPLE

Swoogle is a search engine for the Semantic Web on the

Web.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WEB 1.0, WEB 2.0 AND

WEB 3.0

Web 1.0: The Internet before 1999, expert’s call it

Read-Only era. The average internet user's role

was limited only to reading the information

presented to him. The best examples are millions of

static websites

Web 2.0: The lack of active interaction of common

user with the web lead to the birth of Web 2.0

Web 3.0: It seems we have everything whatever we

had wished for in Web 2.0, but it is way behind

when it comes to intelligence.

THE KEY PROBLEM OF TODAY’S WEB

The meaning of Web content is not machine-

accessible: lack of semantics

SEMANTIC WEB LAYER

The development of the Semantic Web proceeds in steps

Each step building a layer on top of another

o A universal resource identifier (URI) is a formatted string that

serves as a means of identifying abstract or physical resource. A URI

can be further classified as a locator, a name, or both.

Unicode provides a unique number for every character,

independently of the underlying platform, program, or language.

XML namespaces allow specifying different markup vocabularies

in one XML document.

XML Schema is a language for providing and restricting the

structure and content of elements contained within XML

documents.

Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a basic data model, like

the entity-relationship model.

RDF Schema (RDFS) defines the vocabulary of RDF model.

Web Ontology Language(OWL), adds more vocabulary for

describing properties and classes.

Logic layer is used to enhance the ontology language further, and

to allow to write application-specific declarative knowledge

Proof layer involves the actual deductive process

Finally trust will emerge through the use of digital signatures.

PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION OF SEMANTIC WEB

APPLICATION

If we suppose that a certain Professor Anjali Sharma wishes to make

a web page for her own encompassing a faculty page, a research

page, a blog site and a staff listing page then using traditional web

modeling the pages would look like so:

Traditional Web Model:

A Faculty Page

A research Page

A Staff Listing Page

A Blog Site Prof. xyz

SEMANTIC WEB MODEL

A Faculty Page

Research

Page

Blog Site

Staff Listing Page

CONCLUSION

Semantic Web is the future of Internet. Semantic web is expected to re write the internet as we know it and change the way we search information on net.

The searches will become personalized and the results will be more accurate and more relevant.

The traditional model of internet does not allow for intelligent searches and takes a lot of time because of the irrelevant searches being displayed too.

Semantic Web can overcome all these problems to provide a better and rich user experience to consumers all over the globe.

The next generation of web will better connect people and will further advent the information technology revolution.