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Agenda Review for Quiz Take Quiz Lecture on Immune System Continued Turn in Homework Packet Presentations Reading/Work Time
Review for Quiz Definitions Pathogens and Diseases they cause Categorize pathogens as pro, eu, or neither Types of transmission Definition and example of vector Three ways pathogens cause disease Secondary infection vs. primary infection Two types of nonspecific defenses. What is
nonspecific? Relate antibodies to vaccinations Antibiotic vs. Antiviral
RecallWhite Blood Cells (Leukocytes):
Protect against disease
Phagocytes:Engulf harmful
invaders, general
Lymphocytes:Immune response
cells, specific
Neutrophils:Main
phagocyte
Macrophage:Large
phagocyteHelper T-Cell:
Activate B-cellsB-Cell:
Produce antibodies
Immune System
2 Systems
Innate Immune Response (Nonspecific): rapid and
broad
Adaptive Immune Response (Specific): slow but
more effective
Vaccinations use AIR
Dead pathogens cause AIR to “learn” so it can have a
faster response for live pathogens
Immune System
Leukocytes: White blood cells
Leukemia is cancer in which white blood cells are not
properly formed and results in poor immunity
Two Categories: phagocytes (innate) & lymphocytes
(adaptive)
Phagocytes = ingesting
Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and
Mast Cells
Lymphocytes = learning
T-Cells, B-Cells, and natural killer cells
Immune System
Neutrophils: Most common white blood cell,
first line of defense, INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Three steps:
1. Chemotaxis
2. Phagocytosis
3. Apoptosis
Immune System
1. Chemotaxis
A. Pathogen makes chems.
B. Cells respond: produce proteins called chemokines
C. Chemokines recruit neutrophils
Check For Understanding
If a cell produces high levels of chemokines,
then…
1. No neutrophils be recruited
2. Few neutrophils be recruited
3. A moderate amount of neutrophils be recruited
4. Many neutrophils be recruited
Immune System
2. Phagocytosis
A. Neutrophil IDs pathogen
B. Neu. ingests (swallows) path.
C. Neu.kills path. w/ toxic chems.
Immune System
3. Apoptosis
A. Neutrophil does “programmed cell death”: Safely
disposes of dead neu. w/ dead path, prevents more
damage
Vocabulary
Antigen: proteins on surface of paths.
Processed Antigen: prepared antigen
Antibody: a protein that fights a specific antigen
Activated B-Cell: “antibody factories”
Memory B-Cell: remember previous antigen
interaction
Macrophage: a large phagocytic cell
Helper T-Cell: activates B-cells
Immune System Antibody Mediated Response http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQmaPwP0
KRI
Immune System
• Antibody Mediated Response
1. Macrophage “eats” &
processes antigen.
2. Gives PA to Helper T-Cell
3. HT-C gives PA to B-Cell to
activate B-C
4. Activated B-Cs divide
• Some make antibodies for now
• Some stay as memory B-Cs for
later
Immune System
Passive Immunity:
Temp. protection
Antibodies from
others
Ex. breast milk, blood
Active Immunity:
Through AMR
OR through
vaccination
Deliberately expose
body to dead
pathogens
Primary versus Secondary Response
Draw graph:
Vaccinations effective
due to secondary
immune response
More rapid response
(steeper curve)
Greater response
(larger hill)
Using this information
Edit your story / skit using what you have learned
about neutrophils
Chemotaxis: “recruitment”
Phagocytosis: “the fight”
Apoptosis: “sacrifice”
We will present tomorrow
Use immunity packet; will be collected at end of period