Seminar final documentation

Washington State University School Design + Construction Professor Mary Polites Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang

WHEAT INTORSION

Washington State University School Design + Construction Professor Mary Polites Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

+ BEGINNING MODELING + EXPLORING RIGIDITY + EXPLORING POPULATION+ FABRICATION TECHNIQUES +GLOBAL POPULATION+STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS +GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT +LIGHT STUDY +COMMUNITY TIES+MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT+CONSTRUCTION PHASE +ENDING DISCOVERIES +INSTALLATION REVEAL +SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS

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Washington State University School Design + Construction Professor Mary Polites Austin Miles | Jay Henson | Johnny Wang 3

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT CONCEPT

Wheat Intorsion from the beginning was focused heavily on finding rigidity of the com-ponent itself. The process itself started with paper modeling of form finding. When we think about rigidity of a folded piece of paper, its rigidity is weaker in the horizontal direction. However, when the piece of paper is stood on edge in the vertical direction, it then becomes rigid and strong. This form finding concept was then applied into creat-ing the end result of this column structure.

GEOMETRIC CONCEPT

From the initial form finding process, it then became a process of identifying simple fabrication techniques that could give us an end result of this vertical rigidity. This idea started with the development of being able to create a contour that could have a con-tinuous curvature to it while it expanded in elevation. Growing on that idea we realized that since the focus was this aim of vertical rigidity, the realization then became that the contour itself could also be cut in the vertical direction, creating a torsion effect on the vertical members. Structural analysis showed that the fabrication technique of such a vertical strip orien-tation rotating in torsion at a 15° angle would create a more structural member. When the strips are placed in torsion, they are covering a greater distance in the x and y plane, making the vertical rails cover more of a distance than if they had just been oriented with no twist. The end result is that the column is much more structural when placed in compression because of this factor of twisting torsion pressure. Final computer struc-tural analysis proved this torsion ratio was more structurally sound than a standard 4”x 4” column.

MATERIAL CONCEPT

Moving to full scale fabrication of the column, it was decided to use the local material of the Palouse, wheat straw as a way to tie the end result of the column structure back to the community that helped us complete this installation. With this local material, we made further ties back to the local community by engraving “Welcome to the Palouse” in 75 different languages.


BEGINNING MODELING

Beginning exploration with the model was focused to create a component that could use both rectilinear and curvilinear folds to form a rigid surface. This process proved to be inclusive and a great failure in beginning exploration as its weakness in its complex connection proved to be much of a bur-den for the component it-self.

LARGE SURFACE EXPLORATION SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_2 SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_3 SINGLE GRID EXPLORATION_4


ARCH 491 | FALL 2011 | AUSTIN.D.MILES 3

FIGURE 3-1 | Cut Paths and Fold lines POINT OF FAILURE

FIGURE 4-2


POINTS OF COMPRESSION

FIGURE 4-1


BREAKING DOWN COMPONENT INTO ONE SINGLE REPEATING COMPONENT LOOKING AT COMPRESSION POINTS THAT

SUCCEEDED FOR ISPERATION

FIGURE 5-1 FIGURE 5-2

RESULTS FROM USING A THICKER MATERIAL (WATER COLOR PAPER) AND A LARGER SCALE TO EXPLORE CONECTIONS

FIGURE 5-3

BEGINNING MODEL ASSEMBLY POPULATING TECHNIQUES POPULATING TECHNIQUES CONNECTION TECHNIQUES


EXPLORING RIGIDITY

Moving forward, the aim was to still find rigidity. Looking at any sheet material, when placed in the horizontal di-rection it is not rigid, but when folded into the vertical direction, it becomes quit rigid. With this exploration, model making continued to form a component that fit into these aims.

VERTICAL RIGIDITY EXPANDING DIMENSION OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY POPULATING COMPONENT

HORIZONTAL RIGIDITY INTO VERTICAL RIGIDITY


COMPONENT ASSEMBLY FORCES IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION ARE MUCH

STRONGER THAN THE HORIZONTAL DIRECTION


EXPLORING POPULATION

Looking at connection pos-sibility, it was demonstrated first that simply stacking the component in the vertical or Z axis worked quite well, but the was a desire to explore a more complex edge con-nection that would allow the component to create an arch form to create an inhab-itable structure. The edge connections that where at-tempted through this explo-ration however, ignored the components great vertical rigidity, making it an obvious decision to then continue to move forward with populat-ing the component into the vertical direction.

POPULATING COMPONENT WITH

VERTICAL RIGIDITY

POPULATING COMPONENT WITH HORI-

ZONTAL RIGIDITY

CONCEPTUALIZING DISADVANTAGES OF HOR-

IZONTAL RIGIDITY

CONCEPTUALIZING ADVANTAGES

OF VERTICAL RIGIDITY


AUSTIN D. MILES | FALL 2013 | WSU_ARCH 491 1

AUSTIN D. MILES | FALL 2013 | WSU_ARCH 491 6

ARCH 491 | FALL 2011 | AUSTIN.D.MILES

9.5 Feet Tall

12 Feet

8 Feet

FIRST ATTEMPT AT A GLOBAL POPULATION


FABRICATION TECHNIQUES

Now that the component was going to be populat-ed in the vertical direction, focus then moved toward determining a fabrication technique. The idea cutting contours through the model was the first idea. Doing so would allow light to refract out from the structure as well as giving it a less dense structure. Soon it was real-ized that cutting the con-tours in the vertical direction instead of the traditional horizontal fashion, would also increase the compo-nents unique element of the vertical rigidity while also accentuating its 15 degree twist.

APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT APPLYING A HORIZONTAL CONTOUR CUT

APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT APPLYING A VERTICAL CONTOUR CUT


COLUMN COMPONENT DIVISION AND VERTICAL RAIL ASSEMBLY

VERTICAL RAIL NO TORSION TWIST VERTICAL RAIL 15 DEGREE TORSION TWIST

VERTICAL TORSION TWIST SUPPORTING LARGER ARE IN COMPRESSION

ABSTRACTED COLUMN GEOMETRYCOLUMN GEOMETRY ABSTRACTING CONTOUR CURVATURE


1 FOOT

2 FEET

2 FEET

9 FEET

GLOBAL POPULATION

From the analysis of fabri-cation techniques, we then reached a point to which we could create a global popu-lation that resulted in a col-umn structure.

DIMENSIONING THE GLOBAL POPULATION


1 FOOT

2 FEET

2 FEET

9 FEET


STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

With the global population creating a column structure, there was a definite intent to then analyze its structural capabilities of the column. Our range of testing was limited as testing ranged from digital modeling ca-pabilities, to scaled model testing, and full scaled mod-el testing. The end result of analysis was that the col-umn structure could support more than a 4”x4” fir column showing us that it does have structural potential. LOADING FULL SCALE MODEL LOADING SCALED MODEL

COLUMN GEOMETRY LESS STRONG

WITH NO TORSION FORCE

COMPONENT GAINS STRENGTH

WITH A TORSION FORCE

COLUMN GEOMETRY UNDER FREQUENCY

TEST FOR EARTHQUAKE FORCES

PLAN VIEW OF TORSION FORCE FORCE TEST OF GLOBAL POPULATION


LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE FINDING COMPONENT POINT OF FAILURE LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE LOADING COMPONENT WITH GREATER FORCE


Moving toward the global assembly, there was some refinement to the fabrica-tion of each component. To add strength to the vertical contour rails, we changed the connection to a simple dado connection that would CNC into the top and bot-tom chords of the compo-nent. This also eliminated the fabrication time and cost of a face connection using screws. At this point we also changed the width dimen-sions of the column as the structural analysis proved to the column would be large enough with an overall di-ameter of 18 inches, verses the initial 24 inches.

GLOBAL POPULATION REFINEMENT

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DATESIGNATURENAME

FINISH:UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERSSURFACE FINISH:TOLERANCES: LINEAR: ANGULAR:

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TOP AND BOTTOM CORD DADO DETAIL TOP AND BOTTOM CORD DADO DETAILTOP AND BOTTOM CORD DETAIL DADO ANGLE DETAIL DADO SPACING DETAIL



Now that the design was finalized, the idea of illumi-nating the column from the interior was implemented to greaten the view of the lightness of the structure and to analyze the effect that shadows would have on the structure.

LIGHT STUDY

ORIGINAL COMPONENT ILLUMINATED ORIGINAL COMPONENT RADIATING SHADOWS FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS


FINAL COMPONENT SHADOWS

As an effort to tie the final installation of the compo-nent back to the communi-ty it was and idea to display “Welcome to the Palouse” in several different languages on each vertical rail of the column structure with a key for visitors to find their own language. The total number of languages that we ended up with was 76.

COMUNITY TIES

čeština (Czech)

dansk (Danish)

Nederlands (Dutch)

English (English)

Esperanto (Esperanto)

eesti (Estonian)

Pilipino (Filipino)

suomalainen (Finnish)

français (French)

Galego (Galician)

Georgian (Georgian)

Deutsch (German)

ελληνικά (Greek)

ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)

日本の (Japanese)

Javanese (Javanese)

ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)

kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Creole)

Hausa (Hausa)

(Hebrew) תירבע

हिंदी (Hindi)

Hmoob (Hmong)

magyar (Hungarian)

Icelandic (Icelandic)

Igbo (Igbo)

Indonesia (Indonesian)

Gaeilge (Irish)

italiano (Italian)

मराठी (Marathi)

Монгол улсын (Mongolian)

नेपाली (Nepali)

norsk (Norwegian)

khmer (Khmer)

한국의(Korean)

ສປປລາວ (Lao)

Latine (Latin)

Latvijas (Latvian)

Lietuvos (Lithuanian)

македонски (Macedonian)

Melayu (Malay)

Malti (Maltese)

Maori (Maori)

katikati (Swahili)

Svenska (Swedish)

தமிழ் (Tamil)

(Persian) یسراف

polski (Polish)

português (Portuguese)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)

român (Romanian) русский (Russian)

српски (Serbian)

slovenský (Slovak)

slovenščina (Slovenian)

Soomaali (Somali)

español (Spanish)

telugu (Telugu)

ภาษาไทย (Thai)

Türk (Turkish)

Український (Ukrainian)

(Urdu) ودرا

Việt (Vietnamese)

Cymraeg (Welsh)

Afrikaans (Afrikaans)

shqiptar (Albanian)

(Arabic) ةيبرعلا

հայերեն (Armenian)

Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)

Euskal (Basque)

Беларускі (Belarusian)

বাঙ্গালী (Bengali)

bosanski (Bosnian)

български (Bulgarian)

Català (Catalan)

Cebuano (Cebuano)

中国的 (Chinese)

hrvatski (Croatian)

WEL

CO

ME

TO T

HE

PALO

USE

• CMEC• InlandLighting• ModernMillwork• NVSDWoodworking• PomeroyFairgroundsSp

ecialThankYoutoourSponsors

čeština (Czech)

dansk (Danish)

Nederlands (Dutch)

English (English)

Esperanto (Esperanto)

eesti (Estonian)

Pilipino (Filipino)

suomalainen (Finnish)

français (French)

Galego (Galician)

Georgian (Georgian)

Deutsch (German)

ελληνικά (Greek)

ગુજરાતી (Gujarati)

日本の (Japanese)

Javanese (Javanese)

ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)

kreyòl ayisyen (Haitian Creole)

Hausa (Hausa)

(Hebrew) תירבע

हिंदी (Hindi)

Hmoob (Hmong)

magyar (Hungarian)

Icelandic (Icelandic)

Igbo (Igbo)

Indonesia (Indonesian)

Gaeilge (Irish)

italiano (Italian)

मराठी (Marathi)

Монгол улсын (Mongolian)

नेपाली (Nepali)

norsk (Norwegian)

khmer (Khmer)

한국의(Korean)

ສປປລາວ (Lao)

Latine (Latin)

Latvijas (Latvian)

Lietuvos (Lithuanian)

македонски (Macedonian)

Melayu (Malay)

Malti (Maltese)

Maori (Maori)

katikati (Swahili)

Svenska (Swedish)

தமிழ் (Tamil)

(Persian) یسراف

polski (Polish)

português (Portuguese)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ (Punjabi)

român (Romanian) русский (Russian)

српски (Serbian)

slovenský (Slovak)

slovenščina (Slovenian)

Soomaali (Somali)

español (Spanish)

telugu (Telugu)

ภาษาไทย (Thai)

Türk (Turkish)

Український (Ukrainian)

(Urdu) ودرا

Việt (Vietnamese)

Cymraeg (Welsh)

Afrikaans (Afrikaans)

shqiptar (Albanian)

(Arabic) ةيبرعلا

հայերեն (Armenian)

Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)

Euskal (Basque)

Беларускі (Belarusian)

বাঙ্গালী (Bengali)

bosanski (Bosnian)

български (Bulgarian)

Català (Catalan)

Cebuano (Cebuano)

中国的 (Chinese)

hrvatski (Croatian)

WEL

CO

ME

TO T

HE

PALO

USE

• CMEC• InlandLighting• ModernMillwork• NVSDWoodworking• PomeroyFairgroundsSp

ecialThankYoutoourSponsors


As to further tie back to the community we wanted to fabricate the column out of a locally based material. For this we where able to fabri-cate the material ourselves out of the material wheat board. This process went from picking up the wheat straw bales, to the final pressing of each board.

MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT

SEPARATING WHEAT STRAW BALES CHIPPING WHEAT STRAW IN HAMMER MILL FINAL WHEAT STRAW FIBERS APPLYING RESIN TO WHEAT FIBERS


SPREADING WHEAT FIBERS IN PANEL FORM PRE - PRESSED WHEAT BOARD PANEL FINAL WHEAT BOARD PANEL


Now that our material had been fabricated, we began final fabrication of the glob-al population. Due to height restrictions we where limit-ed to a six foot height limit. Final construction included using the CNC to route out all the dado cuts for the ver-tical rails. The laser cutter was used to cut and etch in the languages on each rail. Finally the column was as-sembled and glued together.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

ROUTING IN THE DADO CUTS CUTTING THE VERTICAL RAILS FINAL SANDING


FINAL SANDING SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS SOLDERING LIGHTING ELEMENTS GLUING COMPONENTS TOGETHER FINAL GLOBAL POPULATION


As we approached the end of our exploration, we real-ized the organic nature that the columns interior pro-duced. In plan view, the col-umn produced a phyllotaxis condition which as a spiral-ing arrangement of leaves in some plants. This charac-teristic obeys as number of subtle mathematical rela-tionships that can inherently be seen in the column. We where unaware of this factor until final construction was complete

ENDING DISCOVERIES


(144,97,-0.00)

(136,452,0)

(97,404,304)

(72,343,609)

(73,209,1219)

(248,521,1219)

(187,498,1524)

(136,453,1828)

(94,404,2152)

(437,496,2152)

(378,521,2457)

(555,212,2457)

(529,152,2152)

(440,64,1524)

(313,26,914)

(377,34,1219)

(73,209,1219)

(95,153,1524)

(136,97,1828)

(186,59,2152)

(248,34,2457)

(76,348,2457)

(249,34,609)

(492,99,0)

(492,99,0)

(189,59,304)

(144,97,-0.00)

(136,452,0)

(97,404,304)

(72,343,609)

(73,209,1219)

(248,521,1219)

(187,498,1524)

(136,453,1828)

(94,404,2152)

(437,496,2152)

(378,521,2457)

(555,212,2457)

(529,152,2152)

(440,64,1524)

(313,26,914)

(377,34,1219)

(73,209,1219)

(95,153,1524)

(136,97,1828)

(186,59,2152)

(248,34,2457)

(76,348,2457)

(249,34,609)

(492,99,0)

(492,99,0)

(189,59,304)


Finally the exhibit opened and the column was open to be viewed to the public, both here at Washington State University, and then again at the Spokane mall in another exhibit.

INSTALLATION REVEAL


We would like to take a mo-ment to thank all our spon-sors to our efforts as well as all who make this construc-tion possible for us.

SPONSORS AND SPECIAL THANKS

WLT CREATIVE Photography Credit

WSU CMEC Wheat Board Fabrication

INLAND LIGHTING Lighting Fixture Donation

MODERN MILLWORK MDF Donation

POMEROY FAIRGROUND Wheat Straw Donation

NVSD WOODWORKING Donated Shop Time

AIA SPOKANE Spokane Mall Exhibit

WELLER FELLOWSHIP Donation of Research Funds

SPECIAL THANKS ALSO TO...

KevinWill

EmilyJannita

IreneNandita

FernandoAshley Vigen

Ashley KopetzkyPiya

CodyAlex

DaneGerardo

DavidNathan

CarrieErick

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Seminar final documentation

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