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DNA COMPUTING

Presented by:Mrinmoy Saha

Roll- 08111001018

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DNA Structure

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What is DNA Computing ?y DNA computing is a form of

computing which uses DNA,biochemistry and molecular biology,

instead of the traditional silicon-based computer technologies.

y So, DNA computer can be defined asa computer that computes usingenzymes that react with DNAstrands, causing reactions. Thesereactions act as a kind ofsimultaneous computing or parallelprocessing .

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Origins of DNA ComputingyDr. Leonard Adleman : the Father of DNA

Computing.

y By using strands of DNA annealing to each other,

he was able to compute a solution to an instance of

the Hamiltonian path problem (HPP).

yThis is Also Known as The Travelling SalesmanProblem(TSP).

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Main Features of DNA Computer

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1

. HugeM

emory Capacity:

DNAmemory

strands

a t c g g t c a t a

g c a c t

0 0 0

a t c g g t c a t a

1 0 1

t a g c c c g t g a

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1010101011 GATCGACTAC

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y This image shows1 gram of

DNA on a CD. The CD can hold

800MB of data.

y The1 gram of DNA can hold

about1x1014MB of data.

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2. Can do huge task parallelly.A test tube of DNA can do trillions operation at a time.

3. Extraordinary energy efficiency.Consuming only1 joule it can do10^20 operations.

4. DNA Availability, so it is cheap.

5. DNA biochips can be made cleanly

and are not toxic like silicon chips.6. DNA computers can be made many times

smaller than todays computers

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DNA ComputerVs.

ConventionalMicrochip Computer DNA-Based Computers Microchip-Based Computers

slow at individual operations fast at individual operations

can do billions of operations

simultaneouslycan do substantially fewer operations

simultaneously

can provide huge memory in small

space. One cubic centimeter of DNA

soup could store as much as10^21 bits of

informations.

smaller memory

Require considerable preparations

before

Immediate setup

DNA is sensitive to chemical

deterioration

electronic data are vulnerable but

can be backed up easily

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Disadvantages of DNA ComputeryOccasionally Slow

yHydrolysis : The DNAMolecules CanFracture

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Development Scale:

yFirst commercially practicalDNA Computer

yTokyo (July 3rd, 2002)yOlympusOptical Co. Ltd

y Specializes in gene analysis.

Olympus ComputerOlympus Computer

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yBillions of ops/sec 99.8% accuracy

yFirst Programmable autonomous computingmachine

y Input, output, software, hardware all made ofDNA

Israels First DNA ComputerIsraels First DNA Computer

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It will take years to develop a practical, workableDNA computer.

ButLets all hope that this DREAMcomestrue!!!