Seminar on Server, Network and Security for WebSAMS.

Seminar on Server, Network and Security for WebSAMSSeminar on Server, Network and Security for WebSAMS

WebSAMS Architecture

Sep 2015 Seminar on Server, Network and Security for WebSAMS B - 3

WebSAMS Requirements

WebSAMS server can access Internet without passing through proxy

WebSAMS server can access HTTPS web site, e.g.: E.g. www.hsbc.com.hk logon

HTTP server can access Internet without passing through proxy

Support NAT port mapping, e.g.: 202.123.219.100 10.128.15.150 TCP 80,443,7010

Allow traffic from DMZ HTTP to WebSAMS server TCP 8009 TCP 7009 TCP 8109 (1 Server 2 WebSAMS)


Network Architecture


Network Architecture (cont’d)


Network Architecture ( cont’d )

3 types of WebSAMS users WebSAMS user ITED user Internet user

HTTP server is simply a relay server which forwards all the requests to the WebSAMS server

The HTTP server itself does not store any data



Accessing WebSAMS by URL

Determined by Domain Name Server (DNS) Accessing the WebSAMS server from different subnets or

networks will use different IP addresses

Examples: WebSAMS users:

websams.schabc.edu.hk => 10.128.30.150 ITED users:

websams.schabc.edu.hk => 10.128.15.150 / 192.168.0.3 Internet users:

websams.schabc.edu.hk => 202.123.219.100



Router ( between WebSAMS and ITED ) HTTP Server connect to WebSAMS server

Using TCP 8009 for production Using TCP 7009 for training Using TCP 8109 for 1 server 2 SAMS

WebSAMS server can access Internet without passing through proxy

TCP 80 ( HTTP ) TCP 443 ( HTTPS ) TCP/UDP 53 ( DNS ) TCP 25 ( SMTP ) TCP 110 ( POP3 )



Internet Gateway Support NAT ( Network Address Translation )

Port mapping TCP 80 TCP 443 TCP 7010


Internet Gateway

Separate Internet and ITED 2 interfaces - one for real IP and another for internal IP

It could be: Hardware firewall ( e.g. SonicWALL , Cisco PIX, Netscreen,

CheckPoint, and so on … ) Proxy server with NAT function Router with NAT function Linux server ( 2 interface cards , using iptables or ipchains

+ ipmasqadm ) Windows server ( 2 interface cards , routing and remote

access )


DMZ

It is called “Demilitarized Zone” A separated area between Internet and Local

Area Network Internet gateway should has at least 3

interfaces to support DMZ, such as Internet, ITED LAN segment & DMZ

Provide services opened to public Aggregate servers, such as FTP server, Web

server, and so on, in a restricted area Help to minimize impact to LAN in case of

school network being hacked


Backup

WebSAMS Backup Schedule Pre-backup Backup Post-backup From about 00:00 am to 06:00 am

Flow of Scheduled Backup: Stop WebSAMS engine Backup Housekeep WebSAMS application log files Start WebSAMS engine


Backup Job Workflow


Pre-backup

D:\WebSAMS3.0\batch\pre_backup.bat

15 mins

Stop JBoss, database, Apache

Make copy of WebSAMS data to E:\data\<SUID>\database\sched


Backup approach

Back up the disk image of the whole WebSAMS server

including C, D and E drives


Post-backup

D:\WebSAMS3.0\batch\post_backup.bat Housekeep Apache log files

D:\WebSAMS3.0\Apache\logs\

Housekeep WebSAMS server log files ( older than 30 days )

D:\WebSAMS3.0\JBoss-as-7.1.1.Final\standalone\log

Housekeep CDS log ( More than 30 days ) E:\data\CDS\<dest_id>\system\log\

Housekeep Report temp log files E:\data\<SUID>\rpt\temp

Start database, JBoss, Apache

NAT and Configuration


What is NAT ?

Network Address Translation ( NAT )

Translate the IP address from one network to other network

Typically one is inside and one is outside

Port mapping function

Reference: RFC 1631 http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1631.html


WebSAMS LAN segment accesses Internet

Access Internet directly not through the Proxy server

Involved equipment WebSAMS router Internet Gateway ISP


Network Settings on WebSAMS server

Under WebSAMS server

DHCP server setup

DNS server setup


DHCP server setup

Start > Administrative Tools > DHCP

1

2


DHCP server setup ( cont’d )






Start > Administrative Tools > DNS

1

2

Internet DNS setup


Internal DNS setup


Internal DNS setup ( cont’d )






Router Config

Modified default route Example:

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.128.15.253

ACL modification Example:

access-list 101 permit tcp any 10.128.30.0 0.0.0.255 gt 1023 established access-list 101 permit udp any 10.128.30.0 0.0.0.255 gt 1023 access-list 101 permit icmp any 10.128.30.0 0.0.0.255 echo-reply access-list 101 permit icmp any host 10.128.30.150 packet-too-big access-list 101 permit tcp host 172.16.0.150 host 10.128.30.150 eq 8009 access-list 101 permit tcp host 172.16.0.150 host 10.128.30.150 eq 7009 access-list 101 deny ip any any log

Security and Maintenance


Routine tasks performed

Daily Tasks Check apache log

D:\WebSAMS3.0\Apache\logs\

Check Virus scanning log

Check JBoss log D:\WebSAMS3.0\JBoss-as-7.1.1.Final\standalone\log\

Check version Upgrade Log E:\temp\wsup1\yyyyMMdd.HHmm\

Check NAS backup log

Backup rotation

Check firewall log


Routine tasks performed ( cont’d )

Weekly Tasks Backup rotation Check free space of NAS and WebSAMS Server Check Windows Event Viewer

Monthly Tasks Reboot WebSAMS Server Reboot HTTP Server


Log checking

Windows Event Viewer log Apache log

D:\WebSAMS3.0\Apache\logs\ access.log-<dd-MM-yyyy> ( http request log ) errors.log-<dd-MM-yyyy> ( error log )

Virus Scanning log Backup Log

To check whether the pre-backup tasks have been run successfully (E:\data\<SUID>\Log\DB)


HTTP log checking

/var/log/messages /var/log/


HTTP log checking ( cont’d )

All logs in anti-virus: https://websams.school.edu.hk:14943 Virus Logs, Spyware Logs, Scan Logs & System Logs /var/log/TrendMicro/SProtectLinux/


HTTP log checking ( cont’d )


WebSAMS program log ( server.log )

D:\WebSAMS3.0\JBoss-as-7.1.1.Final\standalone\log\server.log

Time Stamp

Severity

Message


WebSAMS upgrade log

E:\temp\wsup1\yyyyMMdd.HHmm\websams_upgrade.log


Upgrade log ( cont’d )

Upgrade Success sample :

Upgrade Fail sample :


Firewall Log Screen

Hardware Firewall Log Screen


Housekeeping

Housekeep the WebSAMS server files

Housekeep the HTTP server files

Housekeep the WebSAMS upgrade backup files

Clear the Java Web Start cache


Housekeep WebSAMS files

WebSAMS Server

Windows Event logControl Panel > Administrative Tools > Event Viewer

WebSAMS Apache logs D:\WebSAMS3.0\Apache\logs\access.log

D:\WebSAMS3.0\Apache\logs\error.log

WebSAMS JBoss Cache

D:\WebSAMS3.0\JBoss-as-7.1.1.Final\standalone\tmp\vfs\*

D:\WebSAMS3.0\JBoss-as-7.1.1.Final\standalone\tmp\work\*

Backup software log


Housekeep WebSAMS files

Linux HTTP server

Apache log (/var/log/apache2/access_log_80, 443, 7010)

Error log (/var/log/apache2/error_log_80, 443, 7010)

System log (/var/log/messages)

Virus scan log (/var/log/TrendMicro/SProtectLinux/Virus.yyyyMMdd.#### )


Housekeep WebSAMS upgrade backup files

E:\temp\wsup1\<yyyyMMdd.HHmm>\*

E:\temp\wsup2\<yyyyMMdd.HHmm>\* (For 2nd instance of 1 Server 2 WebSAMS)

E:\temp\training\<yyyyMMdd.HHmm>\*

Files and directories are saved under <yyyyMMdd.HHmm> folder, and the latest folder should be kept for tracking purpose.


Clear Java Web Start cache

Go to Windows Control Panel Java General tab [Setting…] [Delete Files…]

1.

2.


Clear Java Web Start cache (cont’d)

3. 4.


Backup Rotation Configuration


Backup Rotation Configuration (cont’d)

















After the time of scheduled job – Pre_backup.bat




Ad-hoc tasks

Ad-hoc database backup Ad-hoc training database backup Back up in HTTP server Manually back up WebSAMS server D: and E: to other

computer Change Password

OS System administrator WebSAMS login account “sysadmin” and “asysadmin” HTTP root


Ad-hoc task ( cont’d )

WebSAMS

(Windows Desktop\WebSAMS)


Ad-hoc database backup

Ad-hoc database backup It will stop database and JBoss automatically It also will start up after finish It will back up:

CDS files User upload files Database files User upload report template files

E:\data\<SUID>\database\adhoc\ Check the “Backup Log” to see whether success or

not



WebSAMS Training

(Windows Desktop\WebSAMS_T)



Ad-hoc Production Database backup path E:\data\<suid>\database\adhoc\

Ad-hoc Training Database backup path E:\Data\9999\database\backup_snapshot\


Backup in HTTP Server

Back up the New (SUSE Linux Enterprise 11) HTTP server setting to a floppy or a USB drive

Use command “fdisk -l” to check USB device namee.g.: sda1, sda2 or sdb1…,etc.

Use command “grepconfig” / “grepconfig /dev/{USB device name}”.(For 1 Server 2 WebSAMS environment, use “grepconfig_1s2s”)

Run the command when HTTP server is running in good condition

Those files can be copied to any Windows storage for backup purpose


Backup in HTTP Server ( cont’d )

Step 1 : Log in HTTP server as root

Step 2 : Type command “grepconfig /dev/sda1”.

Step 3 : Press “Y” in the following screen





Step 4: Press “0” if all information is correct Step 5: Press “Y” to confirm in the following screen


Internet Security Only open WebSAMS to Internet access for a

specific period when necessary:

1. Restrict the time for accessing WebSAMS from clients outside SAMS LAN segment at “Security > Configuration > System Configuration”


Internet Security ( cont’d )

2. Set up specific “Internet Access Time Profile” to further control the access time for particular user clients outside SAMS LAN segment at “Security > Access Control > Internet Access Time Profile”





3. For more security, you may deny the access to port TCP 443 in the Internet gateway

In the firewall, deny the network accessing to port TCP 443, except the IP addresses of the Primary & Secondary CDS Servers to allow packets passing through this port.

This action requires efforts from vendors or support staff in school who possess special knowledge and experience on security and firewall.


WebSAMS Server Security Windows server policies and security best

practices:1. Local Security Policy Start Control Panel ->

Administrative Tools -> Local Security Policy

In Account Policies -> Account Lockout Policy, set Account lockout threshold to “3” invalid logon attempts

Set Account logout Duration and also Reset account lockout counter after to “30 minutes”.

1. 2.

3.


WebSAMS Server Security

In Local Policies -> Audit Policy

Set Audit object access security setting to “Failure” and also set Audit system events security setting to “Success”

More policy settings in Appendix 8 of Installation Guidelines for WebSAMS 3.0 1.

2.

3.



2. User account management

Start -> Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Computer Management -> System Tools -> Local Users and Groups -> Users -> Administrator

On the General tab of ALL user accounts properties, uncheck the Password never expires checkbox.



3. Enable Screen Saver Timeout Start -> Control Panel -> Display > Change screen saver

1.

2.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Start -> Control Panel -> Windows Firewall > Advanced settings



4. Enable Windows Firewall Inbound Rules > new Rule…

1.2.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Rule Type > Port

1.

2.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Protocol and Ports > TCP > Specific local ports:

80, 443, 8009, 7009, 3268, 7010, 7268 (Add 8109 & 9268 for 1 Server 2 WebSAMS only)

1. 2.

3.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Action > Allow the connection

1. 2.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Profile > Domain, Private & Public

1.2.



4. Enable Windows Firewall Name > WebSAMS > Finish

1. 2.

3.

4.


IT System Security

All WebSAMS users are required to have their own identities (i.e. user accounts)

Passwords should not be shared or divulged unless necessary

For safeguarding WebSAMS security, please remind to follow the guidelines of “IT Security in Schools” (ITSS):http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1619/it%20security%20in%20schools.pdf

Regularly visit the Information Security website of HKSAR ( http://www.infosec.gov.hk ) for updated information of IT security

Trouble-shoot Case Studies


General trouble-shoot ( Helpdesk issues )

10 general issues frequently received by WebSAMS Helpdesk:1. ITED / Internet cannot access WebSAMS

2. Unable to connect CDS

3. Unable to back up

4. How to setup WebSAMS client PC?

5. ITED-access becomes Internet-access

6. WebSAMS-access becomes ITED-access

7. Unable to find Apache Window

8. Generate report problem

9. Fonts problem

10. Version upgrade problem


1. ITED / Internet cannot access WebSAMS

Double check whether WebSAMS has been started ?

Test if WebSAMS segment works or not

Check whether ITED client PC has resolved the IP problem ? DNS problem / DHCP problem Proxy client

Check using “Internet Explorer” on the ITED client PC

Check whether the ITED client PC uses proxy in IE ? Confirm whether HTTP server has been started up & the

‘Pass Phrase’ has been entered? Idle 25 seconds > rcapache2 restart

In HTTP server, do the test by typing: telnet <WebSAMS_server_IP> 8009


1. ITED / Internet cannot access WebSAMS ( cont’d )

Success Sample

Failure Sample



( cont’d )

If succeed, it must be ITED segment problem If fail, it could be:

HTTP server crash HTTP server wrong setting WebSAMS’s router wrong setting ( or reset ) School firewall setting if HTTP server in DMZ

If it can load SSL prompt, that means HTTP running smoothly.

Otherwise, it may be HTTP setting or router setting problem



( cont’d )

ITED can access WebSAMS successfully but Internet cannot. The problem is due to:

Hosting registration of WebSAMS domain name in Internet

Internet Gateway problem ( port mapping )

HTTP server’s Default Gateway setting is wrong

It should be set to the Internet Gateway which performs port mapping

Type “route” in Linux command line to show default gateway setting


2. Unable to connect CDS

It may be caused by: Network connection of WebSAMS server has ever broken a short

period Wrong URL of the Primary and Secondary CDS Extensions in

WebSAMS at “CDS > Transmission > Schedule Transmission” Wrong Internet Gateway setting Wrong WebSAMS router setting

In WebSAMS server, try to connect Internet without passing through proxy

Go to (www.hsbc.com.hk) then click “logon” to test whether https URL works or not;

Try to ping: cdsx1.websams.edb.gov.hk and cdsx2.websams.edb.gov.hk

If fail, it may be DNS problem


2. Unable to connect CDS ( cont’d )

Nearly 95% of network problem with the message of “Unable to connect CDS” could not pass the following testing.

e.g. Internet Gateway did not allow WebSAMS server access Internet

e.g. WebSAMS router setting had a wrong ACL or wrong default route

A very special case may happen that CDS can send but cannot receive messages.

Under our investigation , it may be caused by the ISP and network setting

Solution : Implement “packet-too-big” into router setting


3. Unable to back up

Hardware failure or no free space of hard disk in NAS

Besides, over 95% of cases are due to the following 3 reasons :

Backup task is configured wrongly Backup task spends too much time that causes post_backup

starting early than estimation The administrator password in system does not synchronize

with one from backup batch jobs

For case 3 above, we need to : Change the password in pre_backup , post_backup Change the password in Backup software All password settings must be same as system administrator

password



OS requires Windows Vista or above

Adobe Reader 10.0 or above supports Windows Vista/7/8/10

Enable Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS) in Windows Vista/7/8/10, refer to the 9th question

WebSAMS supports IE versions after IE’s Roadmap, beginning of 12th Jan., 2016:

Windows Vista SP2 + IE 9

Windows 7 SP1 + IE11

Windows 8.1 Update + IE11

Windows 10 + IE11(Microsoft Edge is not compatiable with WebSAMS)



How to find IE11 on Windows 10?

Start menu > Windows Accessories > Internet Explorer

Search “IE” > Internet Explorer


4. How to setup WebSAMS client PC? ( cont’d )

SAP Crystal Reports 2013 ( full installation )

SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere 16 ODBC Driver (32-bit)

How to get ODBC Driver ?

Available in the installation CD of SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere 16

Driver Installation: Databases > SQL Anywhere (32-bit) > SQL Anywhere client



Driver Installation: Databases > SQL Anywhere (32-bit) > SQL Anywhere Client



Configure ODBC Setting:For 32-bit Windows : Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Data Sources (ODBC)



Configure ODBC Accounts:For 64-bit Windows : Type “ODBC” in the search field of Windows Start menu > ODBC Data Sources Administrator (32-

bit)










Install WebSAMS Root Certificate on Windows Vista/7/8/10







Install WebSAMS Root Certificate on Windows Vista/7/8/10 Certificate Manager







1.3.

2.

4.














5. ITED-access becomes Internet-access

Internal DNS setting

Proxy client ?

Client PC using proxy in IE ?

Trouble-shoot Ping URL in command prompt, check what IP is resolved It should be HTTP internal IP

In one very extreme case The school places HTTP in DMZ The school Internet gateway changes the source IP

i.e. SNAT in Linux


6. WebSAMS-access becomes ITED-access

Make sure the WebSAMS version to be on 3.0.0.28082015 or above

Internal DNS setting

Proxy client ?

Client PC / WebSAMS server using proxy in IE ?

Trouble-shoot Ping URL in Command Prompt, check what IP is resolved It should be WebSAMS server IP 2 ethernet ports in WebSAMS server:

In Command Prompt, enter ‘ipconfig /all’. The first IP address should be the private IP of WebSAMS server. If the first IP address is to connect the NAS, swap the ethernet cables and setting of Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in between the WebSAMS interface and NAS interface.

4 ethernet ports in WebSAMS server: Make sure the primary ethernet port which connects to WebSAMS segment and it

does not connect to NAS Make sure the primary ethernet port that matches in the BIOS setup (Motherboard

setup)


7. Unable to find Apache Window

Open Task Scheduler at “Control Panel > Administrative Tools”


7. Unable to find Apache Window ( cont’d )

Right-click the scheduled task “WebSAMS post-backup” in Task Scheduler Library and select “Properties”



Click the Actions tab > highlight the Action “Start a program”> click the Edit button



Highlight the Program/script “D:\WebSAMS3.0\batch\” > Cut and Paste it into the field of “Start in”

Adjust the same path in the another scheduled task “WebSAMS Pre-backup”



Checking Crystal Reports Server

SAP BusinessObjects Central Configuration Manager Apache Tomcat for BI 4 Server Intelligence Agent



SAP BusinessObjects Central Management Console (CMC)

http://localhost:8080/BOE/CMC/Or

http://127.0.0.1:8080/BOE/CMC/


8. Generate report problem ( cont’d )





Add parameters “ -ipport 1566 -reportdirectory E:\Data”



Other cases: Check WebSAMS server computer name

Is that equal to the sub-domain name in URL ? If the sub-domain name is websams-am.schabc.edu.hk then WebSAMS server

computer name should be “websams-am”

The report is generated from customized template Restart JBoss Try to generate built-in template first

If succeed, Customized template problem

If fail, Download “Points to Note for Upgrading of WebSAMS 3.0 (Sybase

and Crystal Reports) ” from “http://cdr.websams.edb.gov.hk > 主頁 > 2014 提升「網上學校行政及管理系統」參考資料”

Contact help desk for further investigation



Update any user-customized report in WebSAMS 3.0

Open Data Sources (ODBC) For 32bit Windows: Control Panel > Administrative Tools For 64-bit Windows: Type “ODBC” in the search field of

Windows Start menu > ODBC Data Sources Administrator (32-bit)



Input an ODBC login account on the WebSAMS workstation for connecting to WebSAMS database, such as “genuser”, “fmpuser” or “stfuser”

Verify database in Crystal Reports on WebSAMS workstation





Remove the User ID and leave it blank



Click “OK” several times


Unable to open cumtomized report template by Crystal Reports 2013.

Open it by Crystal Reports 9 Delete any duplicate parameter

field(s) in Field Explorer


Delete any duplicate parameter field(s)



Verify the SQL syntax of the user-customized report templates

For details, please refer to http://cdr.websams.edb.gov.hk > 主頁 > 2014 年提升「網上學校行政及管理系統」參考資料 >

Points to Note for Upgrading of WebSAMS 3.0 (Sybase and Crystal Reports)


9. Fonts problem

WebSAMS Server font is corrupted Cannot display HKSCS fonts on generated report

(.PDF) If the size of “MingLiU.TTC” font file NOT = 26M

Copy the font file in Windows Safe Mode (F8):from D:\WebSAMS3.0\batch\utilitiesTo C:\Windows\Fonts

Reboot the Server Don’t install any Government HKSCS on WebSAMS

Server


9. Fonts problem ( cont’d )

Windows Vista, 7, 8 & 10 have built-in support for HKSCS-2004 with ISO 10646/Unicode code allocation scheme.


10. Version Upgrade Problem

WebSAMS version <> DB version

Caused by unsuccessful WebSAMS upgrade Solution

WebSAMS Java version cannot be upgraded Recover files from E:\temp\wsup1\<the latest folder>\backup\ Contact Helpdesk to get the instruction


10. Version Upgrade Problem ( cont’d )

If database is running, execute the < 2. Start Database > again…

The following error will be prompted:


WebSAMS Helpdesk Scope

WebSAMS Application enquiry Modules maintenance General usage enquiries

WebSAMS Technical enquiry Focus on WebSAMS Application


Resources

WebSAMS Central Document Repository: http://cdr.websams.edb.gov.hk

WebSAMS System Manual: E:\Data\Doc\AOM E:\Data\Doc\COPM E:\Data\Doc\UM

WebSAMS Forum: WebSAMS Central Document Repository -> 主頁 > 網頁連結 > 香港教育城校管

系統討論區 or ; http://forum.hkedcity.net/forumdisplay.php?fid=71

WebSAMS Helpdesk: Hotline: 3125-8510 Fax: 3125-8999 E-mail: [email protected] Leave your School ID, contact person and contact number


WebSAMS Forum


WebSAMS Forum ( cont’d )


Other FAQ sharing

1. Unable to access WebSAMS after WebSAMS server rebooted.

Ans: Suggest accessing the WebSAMS Training System.

If it works normally, user may wrongly start WebSAMS in “WebSAMS_T” folder. For production service, it should start WebSAMS in “WebSAMS” folder.

If it is still unable to access, suggest user to ensure there is no interruption on the command mode process on the server (Apache and JBoss). E.g. The process will be stopped if the mouse cursor has been dragged in the command window. In this case, the service can be resumed by right-clicking the mouse in the command window.

2. How to update the license of Trend Micro ServerProtect?

Ans: Suggest clicking “Update Information” button at left menu "Administration > Product Registration" after logged on Trend Micro ServerProtect web page.

Q & A Section

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