Claude Rochet

Urban lifecycle management : system architecture applied to the

conception and monitoring of smart cities

Prof. Claude RochetClaude.rochet@univ-amu.fr

IMPGT AMU CERGAM

Shanghai, October 25, 2014

1

China urban strategic objectives

Efficient urbanization

Inclusive urbanization

Sustainable urbanization

Efficient urbanization

Inclusive urbanization

Sustainable urbanization

2

Complex System Architecture: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

Complex System Architecture: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

System Integration: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

System Integration: What are the key functions and their (un) desirable interactions?

Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis, resilience, scalability, innovation coordination

Ecosystem modeling: Autopoiesis, resilience, scalability, innovation coordination

Claude Rochet

Let’s set up some definitions:

• Architecture, system architecture– The design of how basic

functions interact to give birth to a whole that is more than the sum of the parts

• Ecosystem:– A system with autopoeitic

properties, that means being able to reproduce itself

• Entropy, negentropy– Interactions within the system make

it losing its energy and increasing disorder (entropy), life (human life in the case of a city) may import energy (negative entropy or negentropy)

• Emergence:– Many properties of a system do

not exist as a basic function or a physical state, but are the result of the interactions of these functions: eg. “ageing well”, “happy life” is the result of both physical and human systems.

• Resilience:– The property of a system to

withstand a shock and to recover with stronger ability

• Green IT and IT for green– IT is both a solution to coordination

problems that may help saving energy (eg. Smart grids) but fabrication of IT produce a lot of pollutants and its functioning produce a lot of heat and waste that need to be recycled.

11/09/20143

Smart= presence of a learning feedback loop

4

Action Effect

feedbackfrom 0,0001sec. to a génération

Sensors

Data

TreatmentInterpretationUsage

Decision

Technologies

Social sciences

ICT amplifying effect

Claude Rochet

Our basic assumptions

• A smart city is not putting lipstick on a bulldog

• A smart city is an ecosystem that includes the city and its periphery

• A smart city is a city where one may live and work in:o Economic wealth creation

o Social life

o Common weal

• A resilient architecture:o A living system based on cooperation between public authorities, private corp.,

citizens

o A properly designed architecture made with off-the-shelf components

o Systemic resilience is leveraged using IT

• A sea change in firms business models and public administration.

What is our shared What is our shared vision?vision?

11/09/20145

Is modeling a smart city possible?

• A dead end: The temptation

of the ideal city : XX century

garden cities, techno-pushed

approaches Masdar, Songdo…

• A city is a living system

6

What modelling means?

The Lego game:

• The construction is based on

standardised building blocks

• No two figures are alike

• Building is made using

patterns: rules of integration

using semantic + syntax

• The final result in an

integration of all the building

blocks which is specific to

needs and specifications

7

Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:

A three steps approach

• Strategic analysis

• Inventorying the building

blocks

• Integrating the ecosystem

11/09/20148

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:1- Strategic analysis

11/09/20149

Why building a city & what are the strategic

goals? Who are the stakeholders?

What are the generic functions to be

performed by a smart city?

With which organs? Technical devices, software…

With which smart people?

Conception, metamodel framework, steering

Subsystems and processes

People and tools

Why designing this ecosystem?Who will live in the city?What are its activities?

How the city will be fed?Where the city is located ? (context)

What are the functions to be performed to reach the goals and how do they

interact?

With which organs and ressources?

How people will interact with the artifacts?

How civic life will organize?

Claude Rochet

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:2- Inventorying the “building blocks”

11/09/201410

Issues

• Defining “smartness” and “sustainability”

• Wealth creation• Finance and

taxes• Controlling

pollution• Equilibrium

center – periphery

• Migrations• Poverty• Education• Health• Crime• Segregation

(social and spatial)

• Leisure• Quality of life• How people

interact with people and artifacts?

• The New Business Models:

• Public• Private• Project management• Institutional

arrangements• The day to day

decision making process in an evolutionary perspective

• Empowerment• Direct democracy• Government• Governance• Project management• Social innovation• The state as a system

engineer• Mastering ULM

• The New Business Models:

• Public• Private• Project management• Institutional

arrangements• The day to day

decision making process in an evolutionary perspective

• Empowerment• Direct democracy• Government• Governance• Project management• Social innovation• The state as a system

engineer• Mastering ULM

Functions

• Work• Budgeting• Transportat

ion• Feeding• Caring• Protecting• Securing• Housing

policy• Education• Leisure• Social

benefits• Health care

system• Migrations

control

Resources

• Energy• Water• Data• Digital Systems• Traditions• Sociology• Technologies as

enablers and enacters

• Culture and traditions

• Institutions and public organizations

• Process modeling

• Software• Tech providers• Open innovation

Capabilities

Claude Rochet

11/09/201411

A rationale for a smart city a system architect:3- Integration of the building blocks

Soft domainsHard

domains

SMART city

TransportationIndustry

WorkHousing

Sanitation

EnergyWater

Waste recycling

Public services Health care

Civic life Leisure

EducationSocial

integration

Gove

rnm

en

tE

con

om

y

Institutional scaffolding

Social life

Periphery

City

Urban ecosystem

Territory

Commercial exchanges

Food

Claude Rochet

A tool to design and monitor the ecosystem: ULM (Urban Lifecycle Management©)

11/09/201412

Matu

rity

of

eco

syst

em

ic p

rop

ert

ies

Development

From history, social intelligence, idea, to framework Integrating off-the-

shelves innovation

Functional integration

Technical integration

Designing the engineering ecosystem

Project management

City 1.0

Gathering data and understanding ecosystem evolution

Evaluating, correcting and upgrading

Sustainable City 1.0

Integrating innovation

City 2.0

Risk of collapse

Unlike a product or a company, a city never dies, even if not sustainable (except in a case of collapse)

Losing ecosystemic properties

Permanent improvement

Financial governance

Socio political cycle

Innovation cycle

Some critical points: Data

13

Legacy: How the city has evolved in the past

•Hard data: statistics•Soft data: human memory => understanding the technological trajectory and social capital

Present and future: Understanding how the city is evolving

•Observatory for hard and soft data

•Big data=> Evaluating the scalability and resilience, improving social capital

Some critical points: Monitoring evolution and innovation

14

Innovation within building blocks has different speeds With smart networks innovation cycles are

connected:(before, no): a permanent challenge

The city dweller is the decider in last resort of the impact of any innovation on the city life: Good/Bad, useful/unusual, improve/kill

Some critical points: Improving social capital, bottom-up vs. top-down

11/09/201415

The research and training program

• Integrating and upgrading to smart cities issues the

basics of complex systems architecture as a basic

bagage for SC stake holders

• Learning by doing: Applied research to the building of

pilot projects

• Convergence of disciplines: engineering, social sciences,

urban sociology, system architecture, political philosophy,

complex decision making

16

Integration of disciplines

11/09/201417

Leve

ls o

f co

mp

lexi

ty

City

Functions

Citizens

Complex systems engineering

Extended P.A

Political philosophy

Complex system

modeling

Interaction and

synergies

Social networks

and interactions

Overlaps and interactions

Common good as an emergence and structuring finality

Common good as an emergence and structuring finality

Ends and means of wealth creation

Ends and means of wealth creation

Civic implicationCivic implication

PolycentricGovce

Merci!

11/09/201418