1. BY OMISORE, OLATUNJI MUMINI CSC/04/3980 AN M.TECH. PROJECT
PROPOSAL SUPERVISED BY PROFESSOR O. C. AKINYOKUNDEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE,
ONDO-STATE, NIGERIA APRIL, 2012
2. Introduction Criminal activity continues to be a major
concern in contemporary societies. Crime is the commission of an
act that violates a law and it is punishable under the law
[Ackerman and Murray, 2004]. Law is an official body of rules and
regulation that shapes politics and economics of a society and
serves as social mediator amongst the people of that society.
[Ronald, 1986; Norrie, 2001]. Courtrooms have always been centres
for processing information required for the administration of
justice [Lucille, 2002]. A court is an official assembly with the
gathering of judicial authorities. The primary objective of court
is to resolve disputes between two or more parties. Case citation
is the system used to identify the decisions of previous court
cases, either in a special series of books (law reports), or in a
neutral form, so as to make decisions for new cases.2
5/31/2012
3. Introduction (Contd) Experts System (ES) is a computer aided
system that emulates the decision-making ability of human expert.
These systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning
about knowledge (like Human Experts) and not by following the
procedures of a developer (like in conventional programming). A
number of ESs in the domain of medical diagnosis and therapy
[Akinyokun et. al., 2009], crime investigation, and court
monitoring and citations [Akinyokun 1998a, 2006] have been
developed. ESs support the storage and intelligent interactive
processing of the knowledge acquired by study and experience of
human experts in a domain. Researchers in the field of ES have
attempted to manage uncertainty by applying soft-computing tools.
Neural Networks (NN), Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are
popular tools in recent times.3 5/31/2012
4. Introduction (Contd) Fuzzy Logic systems are designed to
mimic human in decision making by handling vague information and
resolving conflicts. It is a superset of Boolean Logic that handles
the concept of partial truth, that is, the truth values between
completely true and completely false. Fuzzy Logic is a powerful
problem solving methodology which allows expression of knowledge
with subjective concepts, like Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor;
High, Medium and Low, mapped into exact numeric ranges [Akinyokun,
2011].4 5/31/2012
5. Motivation for the Research Crime rate grows exponentially
and cannot be wielded. Criminal cases are investigated by security
agencies (Police Force), reports gathered are sent to law courts
for trial (if needed). A lot of trial cases were carried out poorly
and leads to poor monitoring of court cases. The manual way of
searching through Law Reports is tedious and time consuming, this
causes longer interval between the time a crime is committed and
when it is judged. In [Gwenn, 1997], discussion on how World Wide
Web can be used in jurisdiction was presented, this paper addressed
the use of cyberspace for personal jurisdictions. Cyberspace
presents new and exciting challenges which makes it vulnerable,
hence, security of systems running on it becomes issue. [Akinyokun,
2003], proffered a computer model for the monitoring and citation
of court cases. The platform and tools with which the system was
developed are deprecated and hence, better result can be achieved
with new and more sophisticated tools. In [Adegoke, 2004], a
computer aided system for monitoring and citation of court cases
was developed, apart from deprecated tools used, the system is also
acquainted with search and load instructions without means of
evaluating cited5 cases. 5/31/2012
6. Literature Review 1. [Gwenn, 1997], From the Internet to
Court: Excerising Jurisdiction over World Wide Web Communications,
Fordham Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 5, Article 8, Pg. 4-25 Motivations
for the Research Transactions initiated over the web are not
conducted in a particular location, but rather in the ephemeral
world of Cyberspace. Courts have not only been faced with the
challenge of deciding whether to apply new jurisdictional rules,
but also have encountered difficulties in personal jurisdiction.
Objectives of the Research To monitor the various means and methods
of exploring and publishing information on the web. To examine the
appropriate doctrine of web communications in order to improve the
conflicting traditional methods of analyzing personal jurisdiction.
Method and Materials Used for the Research Review of related
materials on Internet, World Wide Web (WWW), and Personal
Jurisdiction. Analysis of case transactions done over the WWW.
These include the Enchanted Florist flower shop. Overview of
services on the Internet was observed to understand how it can
effect jurisdictions.6 5/31/2012
7. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge The
paper described personal jurisdiction as the geographical
restriction on where a plaintiff may elect to sue a defendant for a
particular claim. The paper established that personal jurisdiction
as a major consideration in the adjudication of law. Limitations of
the Research Cyberspace presents new and exciting challenges which
makes it vulnerable. The research did not address the security of
the systems to run on the WWW.7 5/31/2012
8. Literature Review (Contd) 2. [Fredrick, 1998], Courtroom
Technology from the Judges Perspective, Journal of the American
Judges Association, Vol. 35, No. 1, Pg. 20-24. Motivations for the
Research Traditional stenographical or analog tape recorder systems
are incomparable with digitalization found in computing.
Information in Law Courts can be stored on computer hard disk and
backed on up other storage media. Objectives of the Research To
study the effects of courtrooms technology in the citations and
monitoring of court cases. To analyze the efficiency of judges that
had employed recent developments in IT. To cite examples of
technology found useful in courtrooms. Method and Materials Used
for the Research Review of previous technology from the ancient
time. Evaluation of courtrooms with and without modern day
technology, analysis of the effects of these technology based were
made. Discussion on some technological innovations with relevance
in Law Courts was observed: Document Imaging Evidence Presentation
Systems.8 5/31/2012
9. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge
Technology improved adjudicative accuracy, disposition speed and
effects courtroom services. The research itemized technology that
can be of great help and their relevance in legal practice. The
research proved that courtroom technology save more than one-third
of adjudication period. Limitations of the Research Judges are of
different perspectives and, adoption of technology without an
agreement is unrealistic. Recent technology did not guarantee a
trouble-free court case monitoring services.9 5/31/2012
10. Literature Review (Contd) 3. [Jrgen, 1999], Analogy Making
in Legal Reasoning with Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, Artificial
Intelligence and Law, Vol. 7, Pg. 289-301. Motivations for the
Research Real life problems involve analogy making, generalization;
computer models can be developed in line of human reasoning. Major
activities in legal reasoning can be formally interpreted as
analogy making. Objectives of the Research To describe Neural
Network (NN) as tool for identifying precedents of immaterial
damages. To present a fuzzy system for determining the required
waiting period in road traffic system. To carry out a case study on
how reasoning in legal system is analogous to decision making of
NN. Method and Materials Used for the Research Review of legal
reasoning with Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic. Design and
Implementation of a model for human decision making and analogy in
courts using NN.10 5/31/2012
11. Literature Review (Contd) Design of a test model using
fuzzy logic to determine the required waiting period after traffic
accidents has occurred, the factors considered include: Amount of
damage, Expectation level of someones arrival, Site of accident,
Time of accident, Traffic density. Contributions to Knowledge A
model with which court cases can be judged using Neural Network was
presented. The research justified how soft-computing tools can be
selected in modeling expert systems and the criteria to be
considered while selecting such tools. Limitations of the Research
The fuzzy concept adopted in this research was implemented on a
domain different from legal practice, hence, the author simulated
using road traffic and predicted it to work for other domains.11
5/31/2012
12. Literature Review (Contd) 4. [Lucille, 2002], Bold
Experiment in the Development of the Public Virtual Courthouse,
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Vol. 4, Issue:1,
Pg. 51-60. Motivations for the Research The field of legal practice
keeps moving, court case citations are filed electronically with
Case Management System, witnesses can make their illustrations
virtually. Emergence of courtroom technology aided substantial
exchange and processing of complex information in court. Objectives
of the Research To examine the proposed objectives and procedures
for Michigans public virtual courtroom. To summarize the main
barriers facing Michigans VMag 1996 Cyber Courts. To predict how
party participations in Cyber Courts can be promoted. Method and
Materials Used for the Research Review of related existing
literatures and the Virtual Magistrate project (VMag, 1996) which
was developed with the primary aim of resolving disputes between
online users and service providers. Overview of the VMag Cyber
Court was taken to understand the basic outline for new Cyber
Court.12 5/31/2012
13. Literature Review (Contd) Development of an Online Dispute
Resolution System using the basic technological tools used for VMag
1996. This system was implemented and tested to monitor cases
between 2002 and 2004. Reports of its operation were made to
improve on the system for subsequent versions. Contributions to
Knowledge Virtual Cyber Court offers opportunity to study new and
emerging technology in courtrooms. Virtual court enhance vital
roles of court, cases can be attended to in a fast and accurate
manner. Limitations of the Research Major cases involves case
precedents, vulnerability in cyber space have negative effect on
case citation system. Computer illiteracy will slow down the
operation of Cyber Courts.13 5/31/2012
14. Literature Review (Contd) 5. [Akinyokun, 2003], Computer
Aided System for Monitoring and Citation of Court Cases in Ondo
State. Ondo State Administration of Justice Workshop, Pg. 5-10.
Motivations for the Research Manual monitoring and citation of
court cases takes considerable amount of time. This leads to a long
period between the time a case is presented and when it is judged.
Citing cases by lawyer remains tedious as various law reports are
browsed before citation. Objectives of the Research To present a
tool that can serve as a partner to the law practitioners in
Nigeria. To develop a computer package that can aid the
administration of justice. To provide tool for self learning of
monitoring and citation of court cases by law students. Method and
Materials Used for the Research Review of existing literatures in
the field of law, legal practice and legal research. Live
interaction with the Chambers of O. J. Jejelola (Akure), to acquire
practical knowledge of the citation of court cases. Design and
development of CaseLaw software package using Microsoft Access
Database Management System and Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Tested
and Evaluated the package in a computer environment.14
5/31/2012
15. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge A
computer model with which monitoring and citation of court cases
can be administered was designed and developed. The research shows
where attention is needed in the hierarchical structure of court
system. Limitations of the Research The development of the system
was based on Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 which is deprecated; hence,
the functional goals of the research can be achieved proficiently
with new programming language. The system can only cite old cases
which can guide the judgment of new cases but cannot give judgments
on its own.15 5/31/2012
16. Literature Review (Contd) 6. [Adegoke, 2004], Development
and Implementation of a Computer-Aided System for Monitoring and
Citation of Court Cases, M.Tech. Thesis, Department of Computer
Science, Federal University of Technology, Akure. Motivations for
the Research Radical behavior in human increases exponentially and
such needs to be corrected. The processes involved in orthodox way
of court system is tedious and usually takes a great period of
time. Citation of cases in courts is done by studying related cases
that had been cited in the past, searching for cases takes longer
time and leads to justice delayed. Objectives of the Research To
design and develop a computer package that can: Monitor court cases
by the administrators of justice in the Ministry of Justice. Cite
cases in order to assist legal practitioners in carrying out their
legal duties. To minimize time lag between the time a crime is
committed and when its judgment is delivered. To facilitate self
learning of court cases and judgment by law students and other
legal practitioners. Method and Materials Used for the Research
Reviewed existing relevant literatures in the field of law and
justice;16 5/31/2012
17. Literature Review (Contd) Visitations to some law chambers
and attending live court sessions to have the practical knowledge
of how case citation is been done. Development profiling of Law
Information System database with relevant data from Oyo state
Ministry of Justice. Development and implementation of a Computer
Aided System for monitoring and citing court cases using Windows
OS, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and. Contributions to Knowledge The
research Developed a Computer Aided System for monitoring and
citing court cases. The research showed how Information Technology
can lessen the efforts of legal practitioners in citation and
monitoring of court cases. Limitations of the Research The platform
and tools with which the system was developed are archaic. The
system is acquainted with search and load and cannot justify search
results. The system does not feature a way of evaluating case
search results.17 5/31/2012
18. Literature Review (Contd) 7. [Hellyer, 2005], Assessing the
Influence of Computer-Assisted Legal Research, Law Library Journal,
Vol. 97, No 2, Pg. 285-298 Motivations for the Research The advent
of IT in the administration of Law and Justice lead to controversy
and debatable issues among legal practitioners. Some legal
practitioners commended CARL while others welcomed it with
skepticism. Traditional print-based system is tedious, hard to
search for information and rigid. Objectives of the Research To
observe the importance of CARL in legal authority citations. To
determine the effects of CALR on the quality and types of legal
authority cited in courts. Method and Materials Used for the
Research Comparison of results of Print-Based Research and
Computer-Assisted Legal Research. Differences from the above
studies were used to judge and propose the better system. A study
of California Supreme Court opinions between the years 1944-2003
was done to identify the impact of CALR in the administration of
Law and Justice.18 5/31/2012
19. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge
Increase in court citations had begun before the era of CALR
therefore, CALR is not responsible for the increase in citations.
CALR changes the way legal research is done with positive impact
e.g. accuracy. CALR does not affect courts in the same way it is
affecting other parts of the legal profession. Hence, commentators
who assert that CALR is reshaping the law are of weak position.
CALR does not change the results of legal research nor affects
legal reasoning. Limitations of the Research Full-text searching
adopted by CALR involves search word guessing, a wrong search word
could lead to improper citation. There was no provision for
mechanism to evaluate the result of searches made by using CALR.19
5/31/2012
20. Literature Review (Contd) 8. [Fajemirokun, 2006], GIS
Approach to Crime Mapping and Management in Nigeria was proposed,
23rd Fig Congress, Germany, Vol. 21, No. 5, Pg 423-437. Motivations
for the Research Security remains vital to the development of any
society, so it should be monitored. Crime rate in Nigeria increases
and are done with more perfection and sophistication. Nigerian
security agents cannot tackle this problem due to lack of adequate
modern technology and sufficient manpower. Objectives of the
Research To design a Road Network Analysis System to assist Nigeria
Security Agents. To create a database of Victoria Island (Nigeria)
with profile of characters that constituted crimes in a period of
time. To develop an application for mapping crimes committed in the
Victoria Island (Nigeria). To carry out a detailed analysis of
crimes committed in the area of study. Method and Materials Used
for the Research Study of related literatures in area of Crime
Detection and Management. Data Acquisition and grouping into
spatial and attribute (non spatial) data. Spatial data includes
scanned maps which were digitized while attribute data are
information about other characters that makes up the system20
5/31/2012
21. Literature Review (Contd) Conversion of attribute data to
digital format for the purpose of database profiling. Design,
development and analysis of an Information System for mapping and
managing crimes in Victoria Island of Lagos State, Nigeria.
Contributions to Knowledge An Expert System for crime detection and
management using Global Information System had been presented. The
research showed that GIS departments are vital to Police Force. The
research helps in revealing the number police officers needed in a
location. Limitations of the Research The system is restricted to
search and load i.e. cannot make deductions. Most police stations
in the country do not have GIS departments.21 5/31/2012
22. Literature Review (Contd) 9. [Kuchler and Leslie, 2008],
How Technological Advances In The Courtroom Are Changing The Way We
Litigate, FDCC Journal, Vol. 58, No. 2, Pg. 241-255. Motivations
for the Research Computer know-how in the modern world has gone
beyond the exclusive provenance of teenagers and now on high-tech
displays in all areas of litigation. The pilot program launched in
the Administrative Office of the United States Courts funded
advanced technology which includes monitors, document cameras,
video- conferencing capabilities, and Internet connections that
facilitated US courtrooms. The proliferation of technology in the
courtroom does not only affect the processes of court trials but,
also changes the way law is been practiced. Objectives of the
Research To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the
Courtroom technology. To explore ways in which these technology are
transforming the nature of litigation in recent time. Method and
Materials Used for the Research The author studied key modern
technology such as: Evidence Presentation System, Video-
Conferencing, Electronic Display Boards, Real Time Transcription
that had been found useful in the field of legal practice in recent
time.22 5/31/2012
23. Literature Review (Contd) The author took a broad overview
of related literatures in the field of legal research to analyze
the implications of courtroom technology on legal research and
practices. The pilot program launched by the United States courts
was studied to verify if there are differences in legal practices
of United States before and after technology were introduced to
courtrooms. Contributions to Knowledge Technology in courtrooms had
brought about change in the way of litigation and should not be
taken as a substitute rather as supplement. The paper revealed how
practical implications of technology in courtrooms can be
addressed. Limitations of the Research The paper did not
demonstrate the pilot program (research) with a real life approach
and hence cannot be used as a metric in measuring the impact of
technological advancement in courtrooms.23 5/31/2012
24. Literature Review (Contd) 10. [Akhihiero, 2009], Legal
Research in a Digital Age, Journal of Nigerian Bar Association,
Vol. 4, No. 1, Pg. 9-30. Motivations for the Research Traditional
approach of wading through a host of books and other physical
documents is fraught and disadvantageous. Trend in IT had enabled
digital storage with low cost, enhancement and rapid transmission
of data, and enhances sophisticated retrieval and processing of
information. Objectives of the Research To articulate the way
forward for progressive legal practitioners in the face of modern
challenges in digital age. To highlight some salient developments
in IT that can back-up the modern trends of technology in legal
research and practices. Method and Materials Used for the Research
Review of Materials on Legal Software, Information Technology and
Law, Internet, and Internet Technology. Methods adopted include:
Identification of problem(s), Analysis of the facts observed from
the problem(s) identified, Searching for necessary points to make
decision upon (result) and Application and communication of the
results.24 5/31/2012
25. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge The
paper presented how a paradigm shift from the manual mode of legal
research to electronic method can be achieved with the emergence of
computers, computer accessories and computer networks. The level of
literacy in a society should be dependent on computer literacy of
the inhabitants of that society and not only their ability to read
and write. Limitations of the Research The level of computer
literacy is very low in the society. Most lawyers and judges are
not Internet literate. Computer applications are not supposed to be
taken as substitute to human, if any of the authoring object of the
system (network) fails, the legal practitioner becomes redundant.25
5/31/2012
26. Literature Review (Contd) 11. [Timothy et. al., 2011],
Increasing Court Appearance Rates and Other Benefits of Live-Caller
Telephone Court Date Reminders, Journal of American Judges
Association, Vol. 36, No. 4, Pg. 1-16. Motivations for the Research
Inadequate knowledge in general procedures of fairness and courts
proceedings reduces Court Appearance Rates and increases Failure to
Appear (FTA). High rates of FTA in courts leads inadequacy in law
and justice. Objectives of the Research To proffer solution to high
FTAs and FTA warrants. To develop a live-call telephone system with
a multifaceted approach. To compare live-call telephone system and
automated-call telephone system and proffer the better of them.
Method and Materials Used for the Research Extensive review of
related literatures and study of Automated-call telephone system.
Design and development of a live-call telephone with two-phase
implementation. Implementation and test of the model developed.26
5/31/2012
27. Literature Review (Contd) Contributions to Knowledge A
live-call telephone system that can pre-inform both defendants and
courts of their court dates was designed and developed. The
research showed that calling a defendant before the court date
gives room for the acquisition of necessary knowledge needed during
a court session. Limitations of the Research The system was
developed using Microsoft Excel as the back-end. File-based systems
do not allow needed data to be retrieved in a convenient and
efficient manner, hence causes: Data isolation; Integrity problems;
Concurrent-access anomalies; and Security problems.27
5/31/2012
28. Research Objectives The specific objectives of the research
are to: Develop a web Based System for citation of court cases.
Carry out a case study of Ondo State High Court, Akure.28
5/31/2012
29. Research Method and Materials To achieve the objectives
stated above, the following sequence of activities will be
undertaken: An extensive review of relevant literatures in
administration of law and justice shall be done, study of existing
Law Information System will also be observed with emphasis on
deducting why, which and how cases are judged. A detailed study and
collection of Law Reports from Ondo state High Court will be
observed while data to be used for case study will be from O. J.
Jejelola Chamber, Akure. A database of court case citations will be
developed using MySQL Database Management System and will be
profiled with the data gotten above. A Web Based System for the
citation of court case will be designed and developed. The system
will make use of the database developed above.29 5/31/2012
30. Research Method and Materials (Contd) Citation of court
case will be done by measuring the similarities between a new case
and list of cases found in the database. This will be achieved by
measuring the Fuzzy Near Compactness in between two cases. This is
given as: Where , represents the Cumulative Fact Functional Values
(CFFV) of cases A and B. CFFV of a case A is given as: The tools to
be used for the design and development of the Web Based System are:
HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language) Scripts and Java Scripts for the
front-tier; PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor or Personal Home Page)
Scripts for interpretation at the middle-tier; MySQL (My Structured
Query Language) Database Management System for managing the data
house of the system i.e. serving as the back-tier; The minimum
hardware requirements needed by a computer system to run the web
based system are: Pentium IV processor with a speed of 1 GHz, 521
MB RAM and 20 GB Hard Disk Space; Windows XP (or Later) Operating
System; and Internet Connection or WAMP Suite Installed, Mozilla
Firefox or any other web browser30 5/31/2012
31. Expected Contribution to Knowledge The research is expected
to provide a Web Based System for Citation of court cases with
capability to reduce or eliminate the problems associated with some
of the existing systems.31 5/31/2012
32. References Adegoke M. A. (2004), Development and
Implementation of a Computer-Aided System for Monitoring and
Citation of Court Cases, Master Thesis, Computer Science, Federal
University of Technology, Akure. Akhihiero A. P. (2009), Legal
Research in a Digital Age, Nigeria Bar Association, Nigeria Law
Guru, Vol 4, No 1, Pg. 9-30, 24th June, 2009. Akinyokun O. C.
(1988a), A Framework for Computer Aided Investigation of Crime in
Developing Countries, International Journal of Information
technology for Development, Published by the Oxford University
Press, UK, Vol. 3, No.2 Pages 101-109. Akinyokun O. C. (2003),
Computer Aided System for Monitoring And Citation of Court Cases,
Ondo State Administration of Justice Workshop, Ondo State Ministry
of Justice, (Nigeria). Akinyokun O. C., (2006), Computer Aided
System for Monitoring and Citation of Court Cases, Law and Practice
Journal; Published by the Nigerian Law School, Bwari, Abuja,
Nigeria. Akinyokun O. C. and Olabode O. (2008), Framework for
Client-Server Distributed Database System for Population Census,
the Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, No. 2 Nov.
2008, http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.htm32 5/31/2012
33. References (Contd) Akinyokun O. C. (2011), ICT and
Intelligence Gathering in Internal Security Operations: challenges
and prospects, A Seminar on ICT and National Security, Abuja.
Fajemirokun F. O., (2006), A GIS Approach to Crime Mapping and
Management in Nigeria, Shaping the Change, 23rd Fig Congress,
Munich, Germany, Vol. 21, No. 5, Pg 423-437 Fredric I. L., (1998),
Courtroom Technology from the Judges Perspective, Journal of the
American Judges Association, American Judges Association Vol. 35,
No. 1, pages 20-24. Gar Yein, Marco Velicogna and Cristina Dallara
(2008), Monitoring and Evaluation of Court System, A Comparative
Study Report presented by European Commission for the Efficiency of
Justice (CEPEJ) at their 8th meeting, Pg. 34-37. Gwenn M. K.
(1997), "From the Internet to Court: Excerising Jurisdiction over
World Wide Web Communications, Fordham Law Review, Vol. 65, No. 5,
Article 8, Pg. 4-25 Hellyer Paul (2005), Assessing the Influence of
Computer-Assisted Legal Research, Law Library Journal, San Jose
University, Vol. 97, No 2, Pg. 285-298 Jrgen Hollatz (1999),
Analogy Making in Legal Reasoning with Neural Networks and Fuzzy
Logic, Artificial Intelligence and Law, Vol. 7, pages 289-301,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.33 5/31/2012
34. References (Contd) Kuchler D. D. & Leslie C. O (2008),
How Technological Advances In The Courtroom Are Changing The Way We
Litigate, Federation of Defense And Corporate Counsel Journal, FDCC
Quarterly, Vol. 58, No. 2, Pg. 241-255 Lucille M. P. (2002),
Michigan Cyber Court - Bold Experiment in the Development of the
First Public Virtual Courthouse, North Carolina Journal of Law
& Technology, University of Michigan, Vol. 4, Issue:1, Pg:
51-60. Madan B. L. (2003), Case Management and Court
Administration, Constitution of India (1954), Supreme Court of
India, Norrie A, Crime Reason and History, Cambridge University
Press, London, 2001, pages 199-210. Ronald Dworkin (1986), Laws
Empire, Pg. 44-86. Timothy R. S., Michael R. J. and Dorian M. W.
(2011), Increasing Court Appearance Rates and Other Benefits of
Live-Caller Telephone Court Date Reminders, Journal of the American
Judges Association, American Judges Association, Pg. 1-16.34
5/31/2012
35. Acknowledgments First, I thank God, for giving me life,
good health and spirit to pursue knowledge used in coming up with
this proposal, I testify to His existence in full fledge. I wish to
express my profound appreciation to my supervisor and mentor,
Professor O. C. Akinyokun for the patience, guidance and technical
support given to me during the conduct of gathering knowledge for
this proposal. Also, My unlimited and reflective gratitude goes to
Professor S. O. Falaki, Professor O. S. Adewale, Dr. B. K. Alese,
Dr. O. Olabode, Dr. A. O. Adetunmbi, Dr. (Mrs.) B. Ojokoh, Dr. O.
O. Obe, Dr. G. B. Iwasokun, and other staffs of the Computer
Science Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, who
had one way or the other contributed to my exposure in the field of
computing. Finally, my sincere appreciation goes to the members of
my family for their interest in my academic pursuits, especially my
parents: Alhaji & Mrs. Omisore and as well as my siblings:
Ajibola, Omotolani, Olatidayo, Oluwaseun and Oluwasina. May Allah
in His infinite Mercy continue to provide, guide and guard you all.
THANK YOU ALL35 5/31/2012