SEMINAR TOPIC JUTE AS PACKAGING MATERIAL

About Packaging Textiles Packaging textiles comprise of numerous flexible

packing material made of textile used for packaging a variety of commodities for:

1. Industrial2. Agricultural,3. Consumer and4. Other goods.

Packaging material:

There are several textile material used for packaging:

1. Cotton2. Burlap3. BOPP4. Cartage5. Kenaf6. Sisal7. Wood8. Cellulosic9. Polypropylene10. Polyethylene11. JUTE12. Coated films13. Laminated films14. Coextruded films15. Metal16. Glass

FOCUSING ON NATURAL TEXTILE MATERIAL

Flexible intermediate bulk containers

Food grade jute bags

Indian raffia industry

Jute hessian Jute sacks Leno bagsNonwoven Bags Nonwoven

packaging fabricOther Pack tech Applications

Tea bags Wrapping fabricsTwine NON-WOVEN

Chemical Composition of Jute Fiber

Cellulose → 65.2% Hemi-cellulose → 22.2% Lignin → 12.5% Water Soluble matter → 1.5% Fat and Wax → 0.6%

Physical Properties of Jute fibres The major physical properties of jute fibre briefly

presented in the following table. Table: Physical Properties of jute fibre

 (Macro & Micro Structure)Ultimate Cell Length (L) Average 2.50 mm

Range 0.8  –  6.0 mmUltimate Cell Breadth (B) Average 18 µm

Range 10  –  25 µmL / B  Ratio Average 110Fibre  Fineness 1.3  –  4.0 texFibre  Length ( after Carding ) 2  –  50 cmDensity True 1.46 g / cc

Apparent 1.10 – 1.34 g / ccBulk Density 0.4  –  0.5 g / ccDegree of Crystallinity ( X-ray ) 55  –  60 %

Moisture Absorption

Moisture Regain at 65% RH 13.8 %–    at 100% RH 36.0 %

Transverse Swelling in water

Diameter-wise 20%

Cross-sectional area-wise 45%Water holding Capacity 500 %

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat 1.36 x 103 J kg-1 K-1

Thermal Conductivity427.3 mW m-1 K-1

Heat of Combustion 17.5  J / gIgnition Temperature 193 o CHeat of Wetting

18.2calories

Chemical Properties of Jute Fibre

The chemical composition of jute fibres and sticks are given in the following tables

Table: Chemical composition of jute fibreConstituents

(in % of Bone Dry Weight of the Fibre)

              Jute

C. capsularis C. olitorius

Alphacellulose 60.0 – 63.0 58.0 - 59.0

Hemicellulose 21.0 – 24.0 22.0 – 25.0

Lignin 12.0 – 13.0 13.0 – 14.0

Fats & Waxes 0.4 – 1.0 0.4 – 0.9

Pectin 0.2 – 1.5 0.2 – 0.5

Proteins / Nitrogenous matter, etc. 0.80 – 1.9 0.8 – 1.6

Ash 0.7 – 1.2 0.5 – 1.2

Table: Chemical composition of jute sticks

Constituents Jute Stick (in % of Bone Dry Weight of the Fibre)

Alphacellulose 40.8-47.5Hemicellulose 23.0-23.6Acetyl Content 3.6-4.7Lignin 22.2-23.5Fats & Waxes 1.7-2.4Pectin 0.5-0.7Ash 0.6-0.8

TEXTILE SOURCE

JUTE

Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, which was once classified with the family Tiliaceae, more recently with Malvaceae, and has now been reclassified as belonging to the family Sparrmanniaceae. The primary source of the fibre is Corchorus olitorius, but it is considered inferior to Corchorus capsularis."Jute" is the name of the plant or fiber that is used to makeburlap, Hessian or gunny cloth.The word 'jute' is probably coined from the word jhuta or jota, an Oriya word.Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibers and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibers. Jute fibers are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. It falls into the bast fibre category (fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown, and 1–4 metres (3–13 feet) long. Jute is also called the golden fiber for its color and high cash value.

Jute basically comes from two plants1. White jute2. Tossa juteit comprises of primarily plant materials namely cellulose and lignin

Cultivation

Main article: Jute cultivation

Jute plants (Corchorus olitorius andCorchorus capsularis)

Jute needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water. The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet) is offered by the monsoon climate, during the monsoon season. Temperatures from 20˚C to 40˚C and relative humidity of 70%–80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5–8 cm of rainfall weekly, and more during the sowing time. Soft water is necessary for the jute production.

1-White jute (Corchorus capsularis)Historical documents (including Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal in 1590) state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes made of jute. Simple handlooms and hand spinning wheels were used by the weavers, who used to spin cotton yarns as well. History also suggests that Indians, especiallyBengalis, used ropes and twines made of white jute from ancient times for household and other uses. It is highly functional in carrying grains or other agricultural products.

2-Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius)[edit]Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius) is a variety thought to be native to India, and is also the world's top producer. It is grown for both fibre and culinary purposes. It is used as a herb in Middle Eastern and African countries, where the leaves are used as an ingredient in a mucilaginous potherb called "molokhiya, of uncertain etymology). It is very popular in some Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, and Syria as a soup-based dish, sometimes with meat over rice or lentils. The Book of Job, in the King James translation of the Hebrew Bible "salty", mentions this vegetable potherb as "mallow". Giving rise to the term Jew's Mallow It is high in protein, vitamin   C , beta-carotene, calcium, and iron.

ProductionMain article: Jute tradeJute is a rain-fed crop with little need for fertilizer or pesticides, in contrast to cotton's heavy requirements. Production is concentrated mostly in India's states of Assam, Bihar, and West Bengal, and Bangladesh. The jute fiber comes from the stem and ribbon (outer skin) of the jute plant. The fibers are first extracted by retting. The retting process consists of bundling jute stems together and immersing them in slow running water. There are two types of retting: stem and ribbon. After the retting process, stripping begins; women and children usually do this job. In the stripping process, non-fibrous matter is scraped off, then the workers dig in and grab the fibers from within the jute stem. India is the world's largest producer of jute, but imported approximately 162,000 tonnes of raw fiber and 175,000 tonnes of jute products in 2011. India, Pakistan, and China import significant quantities of jute fiber and products from Bangladesh, as does the United Kingdom, Japan, United States, France, Spain, Ivory Coast, Germany and Brazil.

Top ten jute producers — 2011[11]

CountryProduction (Tonnes)

 India 1,924,326

 Bangladesh 1,523,315

 People's Republic of China 43,500

 Uzbekistan 18,930

   Nepal 14,418

 Vietnam 8,304

 Myanmar 2,508

 Zimbabwe 2,298

 Thailand 2,184

 Egypt 2,100

 World 3,583,235

UsesMaking twine, rope, and making matting are among its uses.Together with the sugar can be used to build aeroplane panels. [13]

Jute is in great demand due to its cheapness, softness, length, lustre and uniformity of its fibre. It is also called the 'Golden fibre' due to its versatile nature.It is called the 'brown paper bag' as it is also used to store rice, wheat, grains, etc.

Jute products

Hessian Cloth Jute Twine Coco

Fibre Raw Jute

Jute Fibers Jute Matting Jute

Webbing Jute Handicraft

Coir Pith Briquette Jute Hessian

Jute Basket Jute Rolls

Jute Ornaments Jute Felt Jute Mesh

Jute Box

Jute Carpet Backing Cloth Jute Ribbon

Jute NettingJute Tray

Jute Garments Jute Blind Jute

Sheets Coir Yarn Bales

Non Woven Jute Felt Twisted Jute Cord

Coir Bags Jute Doll

jute roap

JUTE IN PACKAGING

JUTE SACK

Jute sack bags are in great demand these days. These bags are woven wholly from simple jute fabrics and basically used to pack cement , sugar and other agro based bulky items. Bags capacity ranges from 25 - 100 Kgms . For the storage of agro -based product , special hydrocarbon free bags are available . These product can be kept for longer period in these special hydrocarbon free bags.

STANDARD :

B'TWILL JUTE BAGS (FOOD GRADE & NORMAL) SIZE: 44"x26.5" STRIPES: 3 BLUE STRIPES. WEIGHT: 2.25 LBS

 90/95 Kgs capacity bags for Rice, wheat, other grains, pulses etc.and Heavy bags for Grain and Cement packing

These bags can be tailored as per customer's specification

WHY & WHY JUTE?????

2-JUTE BAG

Why JUTE bag, not POLYTHENE bag????

Why NOT PAPER bags??1-Manufacturing process of paper results in plenty of left over waste2-Environmental damage3-They are meant for Short term usage

JUTE BAGS IN PACKAGING

Wine packaging (LATEST)

Gift packaging (OLD)

3-JUTE NON-WOVEN

Nonwoven fabric is a fabric-like material made from long fibers, bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment.

Jute non-wovens can be produced in a variety of forms with properties varying in wide ranges.

Some of the important advantages of jute non-wovens are:

StiffnessHigher frictional propertiesCoarsenessEasy rot / biodegradabilityHigher moisture absorption characteristics

Jute non-woven products are being used in the automobile and foot wear industries.

Non-woven products are also used as INSULATION material.

Jute felt is value added product made from jute waste.

Jute felts have good prospects for being used in insulation, acoustics and air-conditioning works.  These may also be used as underlay of carpets, cushions and mats.

Applications

Jute Non-Woven In Packaging

water, coffee, tea bags

vacuum bags

Shopping bags

N0N –WOVEN TEA BAGS

N0N-WOVEN SUITING BAG

NON WOVEN SHOPPING BAG

When JUTE as NON-WOVEN used in plantation

Results after it were incredible, it was done under JUTE NATIONAL BOARD

Results of Non-woven mulch:1-Soil loss reduced by 61%2-Nutrient loss reduced by 59%3-Weed reduced by 55%4-Height of plant increased by 69%5-Soil moisture increased in dry spell by 22%6-Crop yield increased by 10%7-Healthy growth of plants with survival rate

Benefits of Eco-friendly Jute Products:1.  As most of us do not know about the benefits of the jute as it is a very useful material. I would like to mention some of them as follows:

2.  Jute is a fiber type material which can be used to make various types of different products and goods like jute bags, jute carpets, jute rugs, jute shopping bags, jute stationery, jute furniture, jute crafts, this list is never ending. So many usable products can be made from jute.

3.  Jute is Cheaper as compared to other stuff and material, thus we can also saveMONEY up to some extent.

4.  It would open doors for those persons who are willing to start theirOWN BUSINESS  but are not able to do so just because of money. Business of selling jute products can be started by a very low capital, thus it will further solve the unemployment problem upto a more extent in the urban areas of the world. As more and more people are becoming aware about our environment concerns and the benefits of jute, thus the demand for these products will only grow.

5.  Jute is biodegradable material thus is very beneficial for our environment.

Disadvantages of Jute Fiber Using:

1. The crease resistance of Jute is very low.2. Drape Property is not good enough.3. Create Shade effect and becomes yellowish if sunlight is

used.

4. If Jute is wetted it lose it’s strength.