Seminars and Lectures

BIOL5700

Hal Whitehead

Seminars and Lectures• What do you like? • What do you dislike?

Seminars and Lectures:

Think of the audience

Think of the audience

• Do you like talks or lectures that:– try to say too much?– are poorly prepared?– run over time?– are inaudible?– go too fast for you to follow?

• Who are the audience?

Think of the audience

• Be direct

• Make it understandable

• Be enthusiastic

Seminars and Lectures:• Title: clear and descriptive

• Do not start with crucial information

• Say:– Why you did it– How you did it– What you found– What you think it means– Then stop

How to make yourself heard and understood:

• Look at audience, upwards

• Speak to people at back of room• Simplify results

– graphs better than tables usually

Using notes

• Do not read talk unless horribly nervous

• If fairly nervous– have backup readable version

– series of ideas, on cards, numbered

– have first (and last?) parts written out

– let Powerpoint lead you through

Timing

• Check

• Leave some slack

• About one Powerpoint slide per minute

Verbal style• Short words and sentences

• Finish every sentence

• Speak slowly (T.W. Fline)

• Speak loudly (consistently)

• Check yourself on tape or video

• Reduce number of words

• Avoid “Anderm” or “OK”

• Speak distinctly (T.W. Fline)

• Avoid cliches

• Use “I” sometimes

Maintaining audience interest

• Tell story

• Tell occasional funny jokes

• A few good “pretty” slides

• Recapitulate:– “What I hope I hope I have shown you so far”

• Visual, acoustic, olfactory, tactile aids

Use of Powerpoint

• Good... • Bad...

Figures versus Tables??

Reduction in haplotype diversity:

Conditions: <50% 50-90% >90% Extinction

Control 756 4 0 0

=0.05 757 3 0 0

=0.10 745 14 1 0

=0.20 700 57 3 0

=0.40 473 130 65 92

=0.0125 544 29 21 166

=0.0250 285 46 18 411

=0.0500 132 35 13 580

=0.1000 71 38 29 622

0 0.01 0.1 10

1000

2000

K=

103 ;

=10

-3

Haplotype diversity

0 0.01 0.1 10

1000

2000Nucleotide diversity

0 0.01 0.1 10

500

1000

1500

K=

104 ;

=10

-3

0 0.01 0.1 10

500

1000

1500

0 0.01 0.1 10

1000

2000

K=

104 ;

=10

-4

0 0.01 0.1 10

1000

2000

0 0.01 0.1 10

200

400

K=

105 ;

=10

-4

0 0.01 0.1 10

200

400

0 0.01 0.1 10

200

400

GST

K=

105 ;

=10

-5

0 0.01 0.1 10

200

400

GST

>90% reduction50-90%<50%

In Presentations (Powerpoint, slides or overheads):

• Generally use figures

• Use tables when:– Numbers are important– Fewer than ~10 numbers (minimum digits)

Tables in Presentations:

Number of Limbs

Birds 4

Mammals 4

Spiders 8

Insects 6

Tables in Presentations:

Reduction in haplotype diversity:

Conditions: <50% 50-90% >90% Extinction

Control 756 4 0 0

=0.05 757 3 0 0

=0.10 745 14 1 0

=0.20 700 57 3 0

=0.40 473 130 65 92

=0.0125 544 29 21 166

=0.0250 285 46 18 411

=0.0500 132 35 13 580

=0.1000 71 38 29 622

Tables in Presentations:

Uncorrected estimate Estimate g(0) corrected Area Density: Town-send’s

Chlorophyll*

Area n CV n CV (1,000 km 2) (whales/1,000km 2)

plot (t in first m) whales/t Ref.

Northeast Atlantic SS 5,231 0.3 6,013 0.32 1,226 4.9 0 - - 1.

Iceland-Faeroes SS 1,542 0.2 1,772 0.18 2,309 0.77 0 1,079 1.64 2.

US east coast SS 4,702 0.4 5,405 0.37 317 17.04 210 212 25.49 3.

Northern Gulf of Mexico SS-AS 530 0.3 609 0.32 258 2.36 32 117 5.21 4.

Antarctic (S of 60°S) SS 10,500 0.2 12,069 0.17 18,548 0.65 0 4,258 2.83 5.

Eastern tropical Pacific SS 22,666 0.2 26,053 0.24 19,148 1.36 5,083 3,657 7.12 6.

Eastern temperate North Pacific SS 20,880 0.5 24,000 0.46 7,786 3.08 154 912 26.32 7.

Hawaii AS 66 0.6 76 0.57 81 0.94 30 6 12.64 8.

Western North Pacific SS 25,816 0.1 29,674 0.14 25,681 1.16 1,896 4,923 6.03 9.

All surveyed areas 105,671 0.13 75,354 1.40 7,405 14,085 7.50

Total globe 316,620 21,336 54,992

Uncorrected estimate Estimate g(0) corrected Area Density: Town-send’s

Chlorophyll*

Area n CV n CV (1,000 km 2) (whales/1,000km 2)

plot (t in first m) whales/t Ref.

Northeast Atlantic SS 5,231 0.3 6,013 0.32 1,226 4.9 0 - - 1.

Iceland-Faeroes SS 1,542 0.2 1,772 0.18 2,309 0.77 0 1,079 1.64 2.

US east coast SS 4,702 0.4 5,405 0.37 317 17.04 210 212 25.49 3.

Northern Gulf of Mexico SS-AS 530 0.3 609 0.32 258 2.36 32 117 5.21 4.

Antarctic (S of 60°S) SS 10,500 0.2 12,069 0.17 18,548 0.65 0 4,258 2.83 5.

Eastern tropical Pacific SS 22,666 0.2 26,053 0.24 19,148 1.36 5,083 3,657 7.12 6.

Eastern temperate North Pacific SS 20,880 0.5 24,000 0.46 7,786 3.08 154 912 26.32 7.

Hawaii AS 66 0.6 76 0.57 81 0.94 30 6 12.64 8.

Western North Pacific SS 25,816 0.1 29,674 0.14 25,681 1.16 1,896 4,923 6.03 9.

All surveyed areas 105,671 0.13 75,354 1.40 7,405 14,085 7.50

Total globe 316,620 21,336 54,992

Do not usually present the same data as both Tables and Figures

Figures:Pseudo 3-D

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Beware: Rainbow~=Horsehoe

Figures and Tables: Summary

• Presentations– Usually use Figure rather than Table– Keep it very simple

• General– No pseudo 3-D!– Use 3-D and colour sparingly and carefully