Senior Thesis Presentation...Senior Thesis Presentation Carey L. Steckler April 14, 2005 Highland...

Senior Thesis PresentationSenior Thesis Presentation

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. StecklerApril 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary SchoolAmbridge Area School DistrictAmbridge Area School District

Ambridge, PennsylvaniaAmbridge, Pennsylvania

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. Steckler Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary School April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary School

•• New 78,880 SF facilityNew 78,880 SF facility

•• Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company)Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company)

•• Foreman Architects EngineersForeman Architects Engineers

•• $14.7 million project cost$14.7 million project cost

•• Constructed April 2003 Constructed April 2003 -- August 2004August 2004

•• Minimal change orders & few claimsMinimal change orders & few claims

Highland E.S.Highland E.S.

Thesis StudiesThesis Studies

ConstructionConstructionManagementManagementDepthDepth

Lighting/ElectricalLighting/ElectricalBreadthBreadth

MechanicalMechanicalBreadthBreadth

Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts



•• Two issues facing public school districts:Two issues facing public school districts:Delivery Methods & DaylightingDelivery Methods & Daylighting

•• Three studies:Three studies:

–– Construction Management Depth:Construction Management Depth:Project Delivery Methods in Public Schools of PAProject Delivery Methods in Public Schools of PA

–– Lighting/Electrical Breadth:Lighting/Electrical Breadth:Facade Redesign & DaylightingFacade Redesign & Daylighting

–– Mechanical Breadth:Mechanical Breadth:Impact of FaImpact of Faççade Redesignade Redesign








Organizational ChartOrganizational Chart

FOREMANARCHITECTSENGINEERS

FOREMANARCHITECTSENGINEERS

FOREMANPROGRAM &

CONSTRUCTIONMANAGERS

FOREMANPROGRAM &

CONSTRUCTIONMANAGERSELECTRICALELECTRICAL

HVACHVACGENERALGENERAL

PLUMBINGPLUMBING

ROOFINGROOFING

FLOORINGFLOORING

ENTRANCESENTRANCES

WINDOWSWINDOWS

DRYWALLDRYWALL

CERAMIC TILECERAMIC TILE

FOOD SERVICEFOOD SERVICE

PAINTINGPAINTING

DISPLAY BDSDISPLAY BDSFIRE PROTECTFIRE PROTECT

CASEWORKCASEWORK

LIBRARY CSWKLIBRARY CSWK

Multiple Prime Multiple Prime ContractsContracts

Construction Construction Management AgencyManagement Agency

GENERALGENERAL

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

HVACHVAC

PLUMBINGPLUMBING








•• PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000

•• 32 waivers granted for PA public school construction 32 waivers granted for PA public school construction projects (with project costs greater than $3 million)projects (with project costs greater than $3 million)

•• = 16% of all waivers granted= 16% of all waivers granted

•• Waivers specifically for single prime deliveryWaivers specifically for single prime delivery

•• Not 32 single prime school projects in PANot 32 single prime school projects in PA

Separation of ContractsSeparation of Contracts

•• Multiple prime requirement Multiple prime requirement –– 5 U.S. states5 U.S. statesHighland E.S.Highland E.S.







Project Delivery MethodsProject Delivery Methodsin Public Schools of PAin Public Schools of PA

•• GoalGoal

–– Is single prime most effective delivery method forIs single prime most effective delivery method forPA public school projects?PA public school projects?

–– Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement?separation of contracts requirement?

•• MethodologyMethodology

–– Research single prime projects and the mandateResearch single prime projects and the mandatewaiver program.waiver program.

–– Survey personnel at school districts with experienceSurvey personnel at school districts with experiencein single prime projects.in single prime projects.








Why a Survey?Why a Survey?

•• ““The waiver will allow the school toThe waiver will allow the school to……operate in a more operate in a more effective, efficient or economical manner.effective, efficient or economical manner.””

•• Waiver applicationsWaiver applications——support single prime position with support single prime position with opinions of industry players.opinions of industry players.

•• Claim benefit to school district in 5 areas:Claim benefit to school district in 5 areas:Schedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and LitigationSchedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and Litigation

•• Surveyed personnel at school districts with waiversSurveyed personnel at school districts with waivers








School District Survey ResultsSchool District Survey Results

AreaArea

Believed Believed Project Project

Benefited from from Single ContractSingle Contract

Believed Project Believed Project Did Not Benefit

from Single from Single ContractContract

Unsure If Project If Project Benefited from Benefited from Single ContractSingle Contract

BudgetBudget 55 11 11

ScheduleSchedule 33 11 33

QualityQuality 66 00 11

SafetySafety 66 11 00

LitigationLitigation 66 00 11

How did a single prime contract impact these five areas?How did a single prime contract impact these five areas?Highland E.S.Highland E.S.







School District Survey ResultsSchool District Survey Results

•• Benefit in 4 of 5 areasBenefit in 4 of 5 areas

•• Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule Benefit to budget?Benefit to budget?

•• Response from 33% of school districtsResponse from 33% of school districts

–– 20032003--2004 Study at Univ. of Pittsburgh2004 Study at Univ. of Pittsburgh

•• Single prime = less frequent litigationSingle prime = less frequent litigation

•• Multiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/dayMultiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/day

•• Different delivery methods suitable forDifferent delivery methods suitable fordifferent owners is desirabledifferent owners is desirable








ConclusionsConclusions

•• Is single prime most effective delivery method forIs single prime most effective delivery method forPA public school projects?PA public school projects?

–– Cannot confirm that it is Cannot confirm that it is ““most effectivemost effective””

++ Benefits have been seen in some casesBenefits have been seen in some cases

•• Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement?separation of contracts requirement?

++ Allows delivery method most suitable to ownerAllows delivery method most suitable to owner

–– Little guidance given to school districts, should come Little guidance given to school districts, should come from an organization representing their interestsfrom an organization representing their interests








Front FaFront Faççade & Entranceade & Entrance

•• Goal: Create alternative classroom wing faGoal: Create alternative classroom wing faççade design to ade design to increase daylight levels, reducing energy demand.increase daylight levels, reducing energy demand.








CAD Model of AsCAD Model of As--BuiltBuilt








CAD Model of AlternativeCAD Model of Alternative

11stst & 2& 2ndnd Floor window area increased by 88%Floor window area increased by 88%33rdrd Floor window area increased by 142%Floor window area increased by 142%








Daylight StudyDaylight Study

•• Daylight Study for asDaylight Study for as--built and alternative designbuilt and alternative design

•• AGI32 parametersAGI32 parameters

–– 10AM & 2PM on 1510AM & 2PM on 15thth of April, August, Decemberof April, August, December

–– Overcast, party cloudy, clear conditionsOvercast, party cloudy, clear conditions

–– Reflectances of materials as installedReflectances of materials as installed

–– Electric lighting in different on/off configurationsElectric lighting in different on/off configurations

–– Pendant mounted lighting fixtures as installed, Pendant mounted lighting fixtures as installed, direct/indirect, (3) 32W fluorescent lampsdirect/indirect, (3) 32W fluorescent lamps








Results Results –– South RoomSouth Room

3.53.5

26.626.6

321321

756756

Windows WindowsAs BuiltAs Built Alternative DesignAlternative Design

15 Aug, 2:00PM, clear sky, no electric lighting15 Aug, 2:00PM, clear sky, no electric lighting








Annual Energy Savings in TypicalAnnual Energy Savings in TypicalSouthSouth--Facing ClassroomFacing Classroom








Analysis SummaryAnalysis Summary








American Bridge Company WorksAmerican Bridge Company WorksOhio RiverOhio River

Architectural InterestArchitectural Interest








Effects on Mechanical SystemEffects on Mechanical System

•• Unit VentilatorUnit VentilatorSystem inSystem inClassroom WingClassroom Wing

•• 3 Steps to3 Steps tosizing a UV:sizing a UV:•• OAOA•• Loads (HAP)Loads (HAP)•• CirculationCirculation

•• CriticalCritical——cooling load in south classroomscooling load in south classrooms

•• UV selection based on UV selection based on cfmcfm delivered to spacedelivered to space








Effects on Mechanical SystemEffects on Mechanical System

•• UV model specified throughout classrooms meet UV model specified throughout classrooms meet requirements of alternative designrequirements of alternative design

•• OA requirement unchangedOA requirement unchanged

•• Cooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 BTU/hrCooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 BTU/hr

•• 350350--450 450 cfmcfm per ton of cooling loadper ton of cooling load

•• Effects on mechanical system do not prevent success of Effects on mechanical system do not prevent success of proposed faproposed faççade redesign.ade redesign.









•• Dispelled personal misconceptionsDispelled personal misconceptions

•• Met goals & made conclusionsMet goals & made conclusions

–– Utilization of single & multiple prime delivery should Utilization of single & multiple prime delivery should continue for PA public school projects continue for PA public school projects

–– Mandate waiver program is useful, but more guidance Mandate waiver program is useful, but more guidance should be available to school districtsshould be available to school districts

–– FaFaççade redesign is not a good recommendation, ade redesign is not a good recommendation, mainly because of impact to architecturemainly because of impact to architecture








AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. David Dr. David RileyRiley

We think of the effective teachers we have had over the We think of the effective teachers we have had over the years with a sense of recognition, but those who have years with a sense of recognition, but those who have touched our humanity we remember with a deep sense of touched our humanity we remember with a deep sense of gratitude. (Anon.)gratitude. (Anon.)

Foreman Program & Construction ManagersForeman Program & Construction Managers

School District personnel across PennsylvaniaSchool District personnel across Pennsylvania

PA Dept. of Education personnel, esp. Ms. Mary DixonPA Dept. of Education personnel, esp. Ms. Mary Dixon

Linda Lewis, Brad Linda Lewis, Brad CordekCordek, Andy Kauffman, et al., Andy Kauffman, et al.







Senior Thesis PresentationSenior Thesis Presentation

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. StecklerApril 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary SchoolAmbridge Area School DistrictAmbridge Area School District

Ambridge, PennsylvaniaAmbridge, Pennsylvania


Opportunity Missed?Opportunity Missed?

•• Mt. Lebanon School District, PittsburghMt. Lebanon School District, Pittsburgh

•• Waiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on seven Waiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on seven schools in districtschools in district

•• With single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of With single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of construction costsconstruction costs

•• $40 million $40 million $1.5 to $2.5 million savings$1.5 to $2.5 million savings

•• Litigation against other school districts utilizing waiversLitigation against other school districts utilizing waivers

•• Chose not to use multiple prime waiverChose not to use multiple prime waiver


First Floor Plan

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary School

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