SENSITIVITY AND COORDINATION

SACHA HERRERO GIRALDO

STIMULUS AND RESPONSE

A stimulus is anything you see,hear,touch,

smell or taste.

Stimuli can be internal o external:

Internal stimuli and external stimuli.

The boy has different receptors to receive

different types of stimuli.

Internal receptors and external receptors.

RESPONSES A response is the body´s answer to a stimulus. There are two types of responses, muscular and

glandular. Muscular responses and glandular responses.

THE SENSESSIGHTThe eye is the organ of sight.it is made up of the eyeball

And protected by the eyebrows ,eyelids and eyelashes.

1) Light goes through the cornea.

2) Light passes through the pupil.

3) Light passes through the lens which focuses the image on the retina.

4) The information in the retina travels to the brain through the optic nerve.

SMELL The nose is the organ of smell.The receptors of smell

are in the pituitary gland , inside the nostrils.

HEARING The ear is the organ of hearing.It has three parts: The outer ear includes the ear and ear canal. The middle ear includes the eardrum and the small

bones. The inner ear includes the cochlea and the auditory

nerve.

1) the outer ear receives sounds .

2) The middle ear changes sounds into vibrations.

3) The inner ear changes vibrations into nerve impulses that go to the brain.

TOUCH The skin is the organ of touch.It is made up of three

layers.

Epidermis.

Dermis.

Hypodermis.

TASTE The tongue is the organ of taste.The receptors of taste

are in the taste buds.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is made up of nerve centres and

nerves. Nerve centres interpret the information and develop

responses, forming the central nervous system. The central nervous system has two parts: The brain is inside the skull. It is made up of the

cerebrum,the cerebrellum and the brain stem.The spinal cord is made up of many neurons, it is protected by vertebrate.

The peripheral nervous system is made up of : sensory nerves and motor nerves.

NEURONS Both the central and peripheral nervous systems are

made up of specialised cells called neurons. Are made up of a cell body, dendrites and axons.

VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS Our bodies react to stimuli making voluntary or

involuntary movements. The brain produces a response in the case of voluntary movements

INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS The spinal cord produces a response in the case of

involuntary movements.

THE SKELETON The skeletal and muscular system it is made up of the

skeleton and the musculature. The skeleton is made up of all the bones in the body. Head bones.There are two groups ,skull bones and

facial bones. Trunk bones.there are two groups the spine and the

rib cage. Limbs bones.there are two groups, the upper limbs

bones and the lower limbs bones.

JOINTS The joints are located where two oe more bones meet. There are three types of joints: Moveable joints, semi-moveables and fixed joints.

THE MUSCULATURE

The musculature is the set of muscles in the body

Head muscles We use the masseter muscles to chew food. We use the buccinator. We use the orbicular.

Trunk muscles We use the sternocleidomastoid. We use the abdominal and pectoral. We use the intercostal. We use the trapezius.

Limb muscles We use the biceps to bend the arm,the triceps to lower

it and the deltoid. We use the quadriceps to extend the leg,the gluteus to

move it, and the calf muscles to extend the feet.

TENDONS Tendons are made up of flexible and fibrous tissue.

They connect muscles to bones.