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Sensor technology for effective Plant Protection Product application Nordic Plant Protection Conference, Lund, SE, 6-03-2020 Jan van de Zande
Sensor technology for effective Plant Protection Product application
Nordic Plant Protection Conference, Lund, SE, 6-03-2020
Jan van de Zande
overview
NL spray drift, regulation, authorisation PPP
Crop adapted spraying / variable rate application● In strawberry● In onion
CAS/VRA in regulation and authorisation of PPP?
discussion
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legislation and plant protection products in the Netherlands
Multi Year Crop Protection Plan (1991-2000)● 90% drift reduction, 50% use reduction
Water Pollution Act (2000 onward)● 50% DRN + end nozzle+ 50cm boom height + buffer zone
Sustainable Crop Protection (2001-2010)
Sustainable Crop Protection II – NAP (2013-2023)● 75% DRT + buffer zone (all fields 2017 onward) / IPM
Vision 2030: no emission to environment (DRT 95%)
Crop Protection and Biocide Act
Laboratory measurements - Nozzle type and spray solution affects spray drift
‐ Nozzle type‐ Top angle of spray fan‐ Material‐ Drop sizes in spray fan‐ Drop speed
‐ Evaporation of drops in air
nozzle classificationDrop size measurements in laboratoryClassification compared to BCPC F/M threshold nozzle (F110/1.2/3.0)
Low drift: V100 candidate < 50% of V100 BCPC F/M reference
Spray drift deposition calculation with IDEFICS drift model Drift reduction classification 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% Classified nozzles for boom sprayers in NL:185 – 50%, 85 – 75%, 36 – 90%, 3 – 95%
Classified nozzles for orchard sprayers in NL: 3 – 50, 18 – 75, 9 – 90, 1 – 95
ISO10625 colour codingISO‐25358 nozzle classification (www.helpdeskwater.nl Jan 2020)
Lay-out spray drift measurement in the field(ISO22866)
Schematic layout of ditch dimensions and place
GAP NL2017 - arable All fields sprayed with minimal DRT75
Crop-free buffer zones (cfbz):
● Intensively sprayed field crops; 1.5 m
● other field crops; 0,5 m
● Fruit crops; 3 m
● Nursery tree crops; 5 m
Higher levels of DRT or wider cfbz depending on toxicity of PPP –specified on label
Max. sprayer boom height at 50 cm above target
Use end nozzle spraying at edge of field alongside waterways
Forward speed 5-8 km/h
Wind speed during application max 5 m/s at 2 m height
Classified drift reducing technology (DRT) NL-arable
Drift reduction classes
Spray drift reducing technology in drift reduction class
50% 50% drift reducing nozzle types (DRN50)Air‐assisted boom sprayer + nozzles drift reduction class 0Low‐boom height (30 cm) conventional boom sprayer + nozzle spacing at 25 cm + 80o nozzles drift reduction class 0
75% 75% drift reducing nozzle types (DRN75)Band sprayer in maize + nozzles drift reduction class 0Släpduk sprayer / Wingssprayer+ nozzles drift reduction class 0 Hardi Twin Force air‐assisted sprayer + nozzles drift reduction class 0Hardi Twin Force air‐assisted sprayer + 12 km/h forward speed + nozzles drift reduction class 50MagGrow magnetic system + nozzles drift reduction class 50 + end nozzle + boom height 40 cm
Classified drift reducing technology (DRT) NL-arable
Drift reduction classes
Spray drift reducing technology in drift reduction class
90% 90% drift reducing nozzle types (DRN90)Band sprayer in sugar beet + nozzles drift reduction class 0Low‐boom height (30 cm) conventional boom sprayer + nozzle spacing 25 cm + 80o nozzles drift reduction class 50Low‐boom height (30 cm) air‐assisted boom sprayer + nozzle spacing 25 cm + 80o nozzles drift reduction class 0Air‐assisted boom sprayer + nozzles drift reduction class 50
Classified drift reducing technology (DRT) NL-arable
Drift reduction classes
Spray drift reducing technology in drift reduction class
95% 95% drift reducing nozzle types (DRN95)Air‐assisted boom sprayer + nozzles drift reduction class 50Tunnel sprayer for bed‐grown crops + nozzles drift reduction class 0MagGrow magnetic system + nozzles drift reduction class 90 + end nozzle + boom height 40 cm
97.5% Low‐boom height (30 cm) air‐assisted boom sprayer + nozzle spacing 25 cm + 80o nozzles drift reduction class 50Hardi Twin Force air‐assisted sprayer + nozzles drift reduction class 50
99% Släpduk sprayer / Wingssprayer+ nozzles drift reduction class 50
WageningenUR DriftCalculator
matrix evaluation structure for PPP authorisation, which combination yes/no approved
Combination not authorised Combination authorisedCombination not authorised, based on other legislation
DRT %/cfbz (m)
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.5 6.0
standard
DRT50
DRT75
DRT90
DRT95
DRT97,5
DRT99
Precision spraying: Sensors - Crop
Measurement● Quantity biomass● Fotosynthesis activity● Plant stress (disease)
Decide● Dose Plant Protection Product
Precise application● Canopy density spraying
Spray volume selection
combination NDVI Spray volume dose IDK 12001
IDK 120015
IDK 12002
IDK 120025
l/ha % l/ha0 0 0 0 01 0.28 78 14 0,42 X2 0.34 118 21 0,64 X3 0.39 160 29 0,87 X4 0.44 196 35 1,06 X X5 0.44 198 36 1,07 X6 0.50 238 43 1,29 X X7 0.55 276 50 1,49 X X8 0.55 278 50 1,51 X X9 0.60 316 57 1,71 X X10 0.66 356 64 1,93 X X X11 0.66 358 65 1,94 X X12 0.71 394 71 2,13 X X X13 0.77 436 79 2,36 X X X14 0.82 476 86 2,58 X X X15 0.93 554 100 3.0 X X X X
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SensiSpray: Variable rate application –dessication potato
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SensiSpray
30% ‐ 60% use reduction
Canopy Density Spraying / Crop Adapted Spraying
CDS set-up - strawberry
Greenseeker sensor – NDVI measurement crop biomass
Prototype decision algorithm
Lechler Varioselect nozzle body
Spray boom sections per bed
10090807060504030201000.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Dose[%
]
NDVI
Spray volume reduction of CDS sprayer in strawberry
BBCH 19 BBCH 65 BBCH 73
20
10
0
70
60
50
40
30
30‐5‐2012 2‐6‐2012 9‐6‐2012 14‐6‐2012 18‐6‐2012 21‐6‐2012
spray vo
lume redu
ction [%
ofstand
ard]
standard
CDS
Air sleeve and nozzle orientation adapted / angled towards the crop rows as two focussed air tunnels per bed
spray distribution20
Results – Emission Reduction 2014
CDS: more deposition on top of the bed and underneath the crop CDS: on ground area between rows 50% reduction &
in between paths 40% reduction
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technique standard CDS sprayer
BBCHstage
position top bed path top bed path
under plant
between plant rows
between beds
under plant
between plant rows
between beds
19 Dep [µL cm-2] 2.95 2.15 3.32 2.54 3.45 4.68 1.58 1.43
P [%] 74 54 83 64 86 117 39 36
73 Dep [µL cm-2] 2.84 1.79 2.98 2.19 3.55 3.04 1.31 1.26
P [%] 71 45 74 55 89 76 33 32
Results – Spray deposition 2014
Deposition on leaves was higher with CDS spray technique● Stage 19: 28% higher● Stage 73: 15% higher● Both stages 40% less applied spray volume
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BBCH technique standard CDS sprayer
stage bed 1 2 3 mean 1 2 3 mean
19 µL cm-2 1.26 1.27 1.41 1.31 1.71 1.62 1.71 1.68
L at leaf ha-1 38 38 42 39 51 49 51 50
73 µL cm-2 1.08 1.04 0.98 1.03 1.24 1.17 1.15 1.19
L at leaf ha-1 65 62 59 62 75 70 69 71
SensiSpray 2.0 in onion Comparison
● Spray deposition at 3 growth stages; after emergence – first weed control application; appr. 25 cm high crop; 50 cm high crop.
Standard spray technique grower (Gambetti + air assistance; 300 L/ha, 50 cm boom height)
● Weed control application: Agrotop Airmix 11004 (2 bar), 6 km/h;
● Disease/pest applications: Albuz ADI11003 (3 bar), 4-5 km/h
SensiSpray, precision and CDS;VarioSelect; nozzles 80015, 8001, 8001; 25 cm nozzle distance, 30 cm boom height, 6 km/h, max= 350 L/ha, model = Strawberry 2012
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Spray application: in small crop
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SensiSpray 2.0 Nozzle design
Deposition at ground underneath crop (% applied volume)
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stadium code technique
nozzle @ pressure
between plants at
bedat edge of
the bed at path
1 A1 Gambetti AM 04 @2 90.1 86.6 84.3
B1 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 96.7 92.3 95.7
C1 Sensispray variable 130.5 138.3 76.0
2 B2 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 126.4 102.1 72.0
C2 Sensispray variable 98.0 76.4 62.9
3 B3 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 71.6 75.8 75.3
C3 Sensispray variable 43.7 44.7 40.5
Deposition at onion plant (% applied volume)
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bed
stadium code techniquenozzle @pressure 1 2 3 avg
1 A1 Gambetti AM 04 @2 5.90 4.90 5.38 5.39
B1 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 5.81 5.41 6.39 5.87
C1 Sensispray variable 6.93 10.40 7.58 8.30
2 B2 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 1.87 2.69 1.92 2.16
C2 Sensispray variable 2.92 6.89 3.73 4.51
3 B3 Gambetti ADI 03 @3 3.28 3.87 3.72 3.63
C3 Sensispray variable 4.22 4.09 3.96 4.09
Spray deposition at crop (L/ha)
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technique stadiumavg D-corr [µL/cm2]
avgarea/plant
[cm2]
nr plant/ha
[*106] µL/plant L/haSensi =
..x better
A1 1 0.162 30 1.2 4.78 5.7
B1 1 0.176 30 1.2 5.20 6.2
C1 1 0.346 30 1.2 10.21 12.3 2.0
B2 2 0.065 190 1.5 12.32 18.5
C2 2 0.180 190 1.5 34.29 51.4 2.8
B3 3 0.109 300 1.5 32.64 49.0
C3 3 0.164 300 1.5 49.07 73.6 1.5
Conclusions SensiSpray 2.0 in onion
For standard air-assisted boom sprayer only 2-16% of the applied spray volume deposits at crop. In onion the new SensiSpray 2.0 design realises a
reduction in spray volume used, especially in small crops. Less spray deposition at ground in the path between the
beds for the SensiSpray 2.0 compared to standard sprayer. Spray deposition at onion crop is for the CDS SensiSpray
2.0; 1,5 to 2,8 times higher than for the standard air-assisted sprayer.
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Precision application techniques (CAS/VRA)
Plays an important role in crop protection
Important to measure spray deposition
Need for re-evaluating dose-response algorithms
is important for IPM● Reduces spray drift● Reduces PPP input● Reduces level of MRL
Need for better understanding spray deposition process
Need for a classification and certification system
Use reduction + drift reduction = emission reduction
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Future Methodology: classification emission reduction = spray drift reduction + spray volume reduction
strawberry BBCH volume dose spray drift drift deposition at
1kg/ha reduction (%) curve deposition water surface
(%) (%) (mg/m2)
start growth 19 60 40 50% bare 0,7 0,28start flowering 65 50 50 50% bare 0,7 0,35full production 73 35 65 50% crop 1,1 0,72
standard 0 100 50% crop 1,1 1,1
Authorisation PPP: spray deposit -protection goals
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sprayerwind
airborne spraydrift
nozzle
large dropssmall dropsdrift
ditch
surface water
crop
non target plants & arthropodes
bystanders& residents
groundwater
soil organisms
drain
Efficient sprayers Precision application
Use reduction
● Changed applied volume and dose● Changed in spray deposition at soil surface● Changed spray drift
● spatial variability ?● temporal variability ?
Precision application technology and authorisation of PPP:
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Reduced applied spray volume/dose:● Areas/bands yes/no
sprayed● Task map – basis info● Efficient technique; higher
deposition = Lower tank concentration? = Lower volume?
Categorise techniques with reduced PPP input in classes -as with energy consumption labelling scheme
Classification of efficient application techniques?
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colour coding for increased spray deposition (%)standard E0‐10 D10‐20 C20‐30 B30‐40 A40‐50 A+50‐60 A++
Exchangeability of DRT classification within EU
Setup a spray volume reduction technology classification (VRT) at EU level Quantification of precision application techniques in VRT
classes Can we come to a generic risk reduction classification;
Risk reduction factor (RRF) = f(DRT, efficient application technique, precision application technique, buffer zone, edge of field filter)
Use of VRT classes in RRF and AS (EU) / product (MS) authorisation procedure
Next steps to be made
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