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Sensorimotor functions of the cerebellum
EXCI-355 Neural Control of Human
Movement
Producing adapted movements
Plan
Cerebellar structuresConnectivityMovement implicationsPathology
Textbooks
Neuroscience, Purves et al.
Principles of Neural Science, Kandel et al.
Functions of the cerebellum
Motor correction: adjusting movement on the fly based on sensory and proprioceptive input
Motor learning: Improving performance of motor sequences with repetition
Balance, coordinating muscle systems across the body
Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 1)
Know your cerebellum!
Figure 19.1 Ventral organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 2)
Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 3)
Figure 19.2 Brainstem and diencephalon components related to the cerebellum
Pontine nuclei – cortical inputInferior olive – movement error/correctionCuneate & Clarke – proprioceptive input
midbrain
pons
medulla
Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 1)
Ascending vs. descending connectivity
Cerebellum
Cortex
Brainstem
Descendinginput
Descendinginput
Ascending input
Ascending input
DescendingprojectionsDescendingprojections
Ascending projectionsAscending projections
Summary of inputs to the cerebellum
Descending (from cortex) Motor cortex: Movement commands Premotor cortex: Planning/selecting movement Relayed via pontine and red nuclei
Ascending input (sensory information) Proprioceptive information Vestibular information
Figure 19.3 Functional organization of the inputs to the cerebellum (Part 2)
Regions of the cerebral cortex that project to the cerebellum
Cortical inputs: premotor and motor areas in the frontal cortex, and sensory areas in the parietal cortex
F P
OT
Figure 19.1 Functional organization of cerebellar hemispheres
Cerebrocerebellum: Motor planning and coordination
Spinocerebellum: Control of ongoing body and limb movements
Vestibulocerebellum: Posture, balance, eye movements
Figure 19.4 Somatotopic maps of the body surface in the cerebellum
Sensory inputs remain topographically mapped
Nearby cerebellar areas control adjacent body parts
Figure 19.5 Functional organization of cerebellar outputs
Figure 19.6 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 1)
Outputs of deep cerebellar nuclei: Exit the cerebellum
through the superior cerebellar peduncle
Project direct to subcortical targets
Through the thalamus to motor cortex
Figure 19.6 Functional organization of the major ascending outputs from the cerebellum (Part 2)
Figure 19.8 Functional organization of the major descending outputs from the cerebellum
Summary of efferent projections from the cerebellum
Ascending: Back to motor and premotor cortex
Descending: Superior colliculus: eye movements Reticular formation: planning/correcting
movement Vestibular nuclei: balance
Activity
The cerebellum cares about the opposite side of the body _____
The cerebellum gets information from the spinal cord _____
The cerebellum gets information from the cerebral cortex _____
The cerebellum is organized of a cortex part and a nuclear part _____
Activity
The cerebellum cares about the opposite side of the body __F___
The cerebellum gets information from the spinal cord __T___
The cerebellum gets information from the cerebral cortex __T___
The cerebellum is organized of a cortex part and a nuclear part __T___
Figure 19.14 The pathology of neurological diseases provides insights into the function of the cerebellum
What part of cerebellum is damaged?
Figure 19.1 Overall organization and subdivisions of the cerebellum (Part 1)
How might this damage give rise to the deficit seen?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jYaeRzYF94
Figure 19.4 Somatotopic maps of the body surface in the cerebellum
Sensory inputs remain topographically mapped
Nearby cerebellar areas control adjacent body parts
Which part of cerebellum do you think is affected?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eBwn22Bnio
Which hemisphere is lesioned?
Conclusions
The cerebellum helps in motor coordination by parallel computations
Is involved in motor planning and execution Damage to the cerebellum:
Causes ipsilateral deficits Interferes with smooth, coordinate movement