Sensors - Engineering Center€¦ · Sensors •A sensor is a hardware device which detects or...

© 2019 KEMET Corporation

Sensors

Design and Characteristics


Sensors

• A sensor is a hardware device which detects or measures a

physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise

responds to it.

• Sensors can provide analogue or digital feedback into an

electrical circuit.

• Thermal sensors are usually employed to shut down

electrical equipment when a specific temperature is

exceeded.

• Main switching sensors are usually required to carry an

approval certificate.


Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor


Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor

Detection of Pyroelectric

Sensor is required ：

Temperature （Difference from circumstance)

Size （Larger is better）

Speed （Quick motion is desirable)

Human Detection

Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor using the Pyroelectric effect of ceramic can detect even

slight infrared energy from a human body.

KEMET developed the sensor with high sensitivity as well as capability for lead-free

reflow soldering by making the most of its ceramic material technology and

manufacturing process expertise developed over many years. Moreover, the unique

structure brings the capability of human detection through resin or glass.

Heat Source’s

Output signal from sensor

Vout

waveform Detection（High）

Non-detection（Low）

Sensor

Sensor detects as heat source if there is more than 4℃temperature difference from ambient temperature (Not only

human body, face, hands but also spot light, sunshine if

there is temperature difference).


Operation of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor

＋

＋

＋

＋

＋

－

－

－

－

－

－

＋

赤　外　線

＋

＋＋＋＋－

－－－－

－－－

＋＋＋

焦電材料

＋

＋＋－

－－

－

＋

赤　外　線

＋

＋

＋

＋

＋

－

－

－

－

－

－

＋

－－

＋＋＋

＋＋＋＋－

－－－－

－－－

＋＋＋

Sensing Method: Pyroelectric Effect

① No infrared ② Infrared comes in ③ Infrared stable ④ Infrared cut off ① No infrared

① ② ③ ④ ①

Time

Se

ns

or

ou

tpu

t vo

lta

ge

Pyroelectric

Sensor

Pyroelectric Element

JFET

2~15V

R

Infrared Infrared

Pyroelectric

Material

G

D

S


Human Detection by Pyroelectric Effect

X RayUltraviolet

RayVisible Ray Infrared Ray Microwave

Radio

Wave

Near-InfraredMid-

wavelength

InfraredFar Infrared

Wavelength of Electromagnetic Wave400nm Approx.. 780nm 1mm 1m10nm

780nm2.5μm

1mm4μm

Remote Control (940nm~950nm)

Infrared Communication (850nm~900nm)Area of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Detection

Use Human Detection Filter

[K][℃]

500

420

408

373

309

1476.90

2275.79

1357.10

100 7.77

369.38

赤外線波長に相当する温度赤外線波長

[um] [K][℃]

500

420

408

373

309

1476.90

2275.79

1357.10

100 7.77

369.38

赤外線波長に相当する温度赤外線波長

[um]

Major Applications

光学フィルタを変えることで

人感センサ以外の用途展開

も可能

Human Presence Sensor (Example) Flame・Gas Sensor

Detect Infrared from Human

(8~12μm)

CO2、CO、HC、Nox Detection

(4.3μm)

Use Bandpass Filter

Can use other sensor

by changing optical filter

Infrared Wave

LengthTemp. relates Infrared Wave Length


Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor

Design Flexible

Sensor (Less Design

Noise: Inconspicuous

Sensor)

Has high permeability

of infrared (No need

condenser, condense

rays).PCB

Polyethylene or Slit

Chassis Surface

Sensor

1~2m

Detecting a few ｍ distance

Short Distance

Can detect a few m distance using

Polyethylene has high permeability

of infrared

Competitor:Need Lens as Condenser

(Condense rays of light)

~5m

Sensor PCB

Lens (Flat Type)

Chassis Surface

Middle Distance

Detecting up to 5ｍ distance

Can detect 5m distance with

Lens (Compact flat lens design)

10~20cm

Chassis Surface

(Resin, Glass)

Sensor

10～20cm distance

Can hide sensing window

Proximity Distance

Can detect short distance through

thin resin plate or grass plate.

(Can be used as non-contact sensor)

Sensor

P/N: SS-430L-NP/N: PL-N823-01/SS-430 P/N: SS-431



Proposal for Product Design (Less Design Noise)

Propose of

lens-less

pyroelectric

sensor

Conventional:

Obvious sensor (Lens)!

KEMET Sensor:

Inconspicuous appearance

Example: 2m detection distanceExample: No lens use. 2m detection distance is

made using high density polyethylene

plate or apply original flat lens.

Apply high density polyethylene plate or

original flat lens.



No Dead Zone of Detection

There is dead zone of detection in proximity direction.

Can detect horizontal direction but

response speed is not good（Influence

on denial of output signal)

+ -

1. No dead zone of detection

2. Wide view angle（±60°）3. Compact ・ Low profile（Design flexibility）4. High response speed

① No dead zone in

proximity direction

② Wide view angle

+ +- -

1. Opening between projection area

2. Boundary of projection polarization of ＋/-.

① ②

③ Low profile・Compact lens

（Low lens structure）

Dead zone of detection exists

④ High response speed

(No denial of output signal)

＋＋

KEMET Sensor with Lens Conventional Sensor

Features Problem

＋＋

High lens structure (Thick)

P/N: SS-430L-N



Excellent radio wave performance in high frequency band (Wi-Fi / 5GHz)

Wi-Fi : Off Wi-Fi : On (Web browse）

PL-N

82

3-0

1C

on

ve

ntio

na

l M

od

el

Digital output

Analog outputUnconnected

Connected

Signal was disturbed

(Malfunction）

Signal was stable

(Normal function)

Digital output

Analog outputUnconnected

Connected

Test Results:Wi-Fi connection between iPad and iPhone

50㎜ 50㎜

Web browse via Wi-Fi connected iPad

• Wi-Fi Band: 5GHz Frequency Band

(IEEE802.111)

• Sensor distance from frequency band: 50cm

• Circuit amplifier factor: x1000(1Hz), 1 level

Test Conditions:



Glass / Resin Penetration Example

Measuring condition:• Transfer velocity：1m/s

• Heat source size：170×70㎜（Relative to hand）• Temperature difference：Δ10℃• Each material thickness：1mm（Clear color）

P/N: SS-431

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400

Ou

tpu

t vo

ltag

e (

V0

-ｐ)

Detecting distance (mm)

ガラス

ポリカーボネート

ABS

アクリル

ポリアミド

閾値

Comparator

turns on

(Can detect)Detectable

Not detectable

Glass

Polycarbonate

ABS

Acrylic

Polyamide

Threshold


Recommended Circuit

Design condition:

➢ Heat source：Human body

➢ Detecting distance：1.0～1.5ｍ➢ Temperature difference between

heat source and background：⊿T10℃

Circuit diagram

Circuit block diagram

Pyroelectric

Infrared

Sensor

Noninverting

Amplifier

(Include BPF）

Inverting

Amplifier

（Include BPF）

Window

Comparator

(Digital Output)

Specification:

➢ Source voltage：DC2.5～5.5V

➢ Output signal：Analog or Digital

➢ Power consumption：Stan-by: 6uA

Operation：20uA

*Operational amplifier should be CMOS type

Pin assignment:

➢ Vin：DC2.5～5.5V

➢ D_Out：Digital output

➢ A_Out：Analog output

➢ GND：GROUND

PL-N823-01

Need to prepare this area of circuit


Signal Output Example

Circuit diagram

Pin assignment:➢ Vin：DC2.5～5.5V➢ D_Out：Digital output➢ A_Out：Analog output➢ GND：GROUND

D_Out：Digital output

GND：GROUND

A_Out：Analog output

Vin：DC2.5～5.5V

Voltage output example

Analog output

Digital output

Strand-by 5V （In case of Vin=5V）

Detection 0V output

Threshold

Threshold


Pyroelectric Sensor Current Application

IC Key Door

Intercom

Business

Phone Projector

Study Robot Rice Cooker

Air Conditioner

Toilet

Custom Design Product

All Domestic Company: Smart Function

Security Power Save

Power Save

Convenience ConvenienceTrigger for Speaking

Human Detection

Convenience / Smart


Thermal Sensors


What are Thermal Sensors?

Thermal Sensor

Contact Type

Electric Type

RTD

Thermocouple

Thermistor

NTC

PTC

IC Thermal Sensor

Mechanical Type Thermo-Ferrite

Thermal Expansion

Non-Contact Type

Thermal

Quantum


Thermal Sensor

TRS Series (Thermal Reed Switch) OHD Series (Thermal Guard)

Product Type Metal Case, Lead Wired Molded Type

Operating Temp. Tolerance ±2.5℃ ±5℃

Rated Power Maximum 72 Watt 6 Watt (1 Watt Only 5R Type）

Application Temperature Control,

High Precision Overheat MonitoringOverheat Monitoring

Example

Rice Cooker, Electric Jug, Yogurt Maker,

Aquarium Heater,

Telecommunication Equipment,

Industrial, Temp. Control of Heaters

Semiconductor Equipment, Tooling Machines,

Inverters, Servo Amplifier, Power Amplifier,

Water Freeze Proofing

Safety Standard UL, CSA Acquisition (Part of Products） UL, CSA, TUV Acquisition

Use original temperature-sensing magnetic material,

Thermorite®, combine with magnet and reed switch.

• Wide operating temperature range

• High reliability (long product life time)

• Excellent environmental resistance (dust, explosion, corrosion)

• No circuit design (stand-alone operation)

Outline

Features

Product Series


Features of TRS (Thermal Reed Switch)

* UL Approved product100V Rating 200V Rating

TRS5-○○BLRU TRS5-○○BLRVU

Maximum opening / closing voltage (V) 140AC 264AC

Maximum opening / closing current (A) 0.5AC 0.275AC

Maximum opening / closing power (W) 50AC 60.5AC

●TRS5-○○BLRU / TRS5-○○BLRVU

* Note: ○○ has digit of temperature.

• Features:

– High reliability (long product lifetime)

– Simple circuit design

– Sensing temperature range: -10℃ to 130℃

– Excellent temperature accuracy: ±2.5℃

– Excellent environmental resistance

– Safety standard approvals (UL, CSA and VDE)

• Dimensions

• Applications:

– Temperature detection and overheat monitoring of

electric appliances

– Cookers (heat-retention heater control)

– Air conditioners and vending machines (defrost)

– Copying machines (roll heater temperature control)

– Automotive electric fan control (radiator water

temperature detection)

• Specification:


Features of OHD (Thermal Guard)

Product Approved FeaturesContact

ShapeElectrical Characteristics

Set Operating

Temperature

Range

Operating

Temperature

Precision

Differential

Temperature

OHD1- UL

CSA

TUV

General-

purpose

Ｂ：Break

M：Make

Maximum opening / closing voltage： 110V AC/DC

Maximum opening / closing current： 0.3A AC/DC

Maximum opening / closing power： 6W AC/DC

Minimum opening / closing current： 0.1mA/1V,DC Fixed in 5℃increments from

30℃ to 120℃±5℃ 10℃max.

OHD3-

OHD5R-

UL

CSA

TUV

Compact

radial typeＢ：Break

Maximum opening / closing voltage： 110V AC/DC

Maximum opening / closing current： 0.1A AC/DC

Maximum opening / closing power： 1W AC/DC

Minimum opening / closing current： 0.1mA/1V,DC

●OHD1-

●OHD3-

●OHD5R-

• Applications:– Monitoring overheating of

power transistor, power

module in power supplies,

Office Automation equipment

and other electronic

appliances.

– Atmospheric temperature

detection in room heater, hot

water heaters, amplifiers and

other general equipment.

• Dimensions• Features:

– Extremely simple circuit design

– Low (0.1mW) signal to high (6W) power level

– Sensing temperature range: 30℃ to 120℃

– Excellent temperature accuracy: ±5℃

– High-speed response

– Dust-proof, explosion-proof and corrosion-proof

– Safety standard approvals: UL, CSA and TUV

• Specification:


Operation of Thermal SensorTemperature Sensing Ferrite (Thermorite®)

• Themorite® is temperature sensing MnZn ferrite material which rapidly loses it’s permeability when it’s temperature rises above

the Curie temperature. At that temperature, the material rapidly transitions from magnetic to paramagnetic (non-magnetic).

• Features of Thermorite® as a temperature sensing material:

– Curie temperature does not vary over time and is determined by the formulation.

– Arbitrary shapes are available since it is a ceramics.

– Stable against moist or hazardous gas.

Magnetic Permeability vs. Temperature Saturation Magnetic Flux Density vs. Temperature

Temperature Characteristic of Thermorite®

TC = Curie TemperatureRapid magnetic loss at the

Curie temperature

Pe

rme

abili

ty

Sa

tura

tio

n M

agn

etic F

lux D

en

sity

Temperature（℃） Temperature（℃）


Structure of Reed Switch

• Reed switch is contact switch comprised of a pair of Fe-Ni alloy reeds encased in glass tube with

inactive gas. The reeds are switched on or off by magnetic field of permanent magnet or magnet coil.

• Long lifetime, high environmental resistance because of protected contact by glass encasing.

• Reeds in glass tube become magnetized with magnetic field, and then two reeds contact and

connect each other (switch on). And then magnetic field disappears, the reeds separate and

disconnect (switch off).

封止部

不活性ガス接点部

ガラス管

Fe-Ni合金Inactive Gas

Encasing

Contact

Glass Tube

Fe-Ni Alloy Reed


Operation of Thermal SwitchTRS Break (B) Type

Switch On

S N

S N

Thermorite® is a magnetic material

Magnet field of contacts

N S N S

N SN S

Switch Off

N S N S

N SN S

N

S

N

S

S N N

S

N S

N S

High TemperatureLow Temperature

Reset Temperature Action Temperature

Thermorite® is a non-magnetic material

■: Permanent Magnet ■: Thermorite® ■: Reed Switch Contact Area

Magnet field of contacts

Magnet field forming turns reed switch on Magnet field is zero turns reed switch on


Operation of Thermal SwitchDefinition of Break Type

Break Type (Constant Close)：

OFF Temp. ＞ ON Temp.

Temp.

TimeON

Temp.

OFF Temp.

ON Temp.

「ブレーク型」の定義

Action Temp.

Reset Temp.

OFF Temp. (temperature at switching OFF)

> ON Temp. (temperature at switching ON)

➢ ON (at room temp.), OFF (at action temp.)

DIFF Temp.

Temp.

Time

OFF

ON

Heater

Action Temp.

Reset Temp.

Room Temp.

DIFF Temp.

Heater

Time

OFF

ON

Action Temp.

Reset Temp.Room Temp.

「ブレーク型」センサ温度制御例

①室温＜動作温度① Room Temp. ＜ Action Temp.

②室温＞動作温度② Room Temp. ＞ Action Temp.

Temp.

➢ OFF (at room temp.), ON (at action temp.)

ApplicationThermal Control(keep-warm)

Thermal Device Heater

Function Overheat Protection (By Heater OFF)

Reset Temp. ON (Close) Action Temp. OFF (Open)

SW SW

ApplicationWater Pipe Protection Heater

Thermal Device Heater

Function Freeze UP Protection (By Heater ON)

Action Temp. OFF (Open) Reset Temp. ON (Close)

SW SW

Break type sensor

Break type sensor thermal control

OFF


Operation of Thermal SwitchDefinition of Make Type

「メーク型」の定義

Temp.

OFF Time

Temp.

ON Temp.

OFF Temp.

ON

Action Temp.

Reset Temp.

Action Temp.

Reset Temp.

DIFF Temp.

Cooler

Temp.Time

OFF

ON

Room Temp.DIFFTemp.

Reset Temp.

Action Temp.

Cooler

Time

OFF

ON

Temp.

Room Temp.

「メーク型」センサ温度制御例

Make Type (Constant Open)：

ON Temp. ＞ OFF Temp.

ON Temp. (temperature at switching ON)

> OFF Temp. (temperature at switching OFF)

➢ ON (at room temp.), OFF (at action temp.)

① Room Temp. ＞ Action Temp.

② Room Temp. ＜ Action Temp.

➢ OFF (at room temp.), ON (at action temp.)

Application Refrigerator Thermal Device Cooler

Function Freeze UP Protection (By Cooler OFF)

Action Temp. ON (Close) Reset Temp. OFF (Open)

SW SW

Application Power Supply Thermal Device Cool Fan

Function Overheat Protection (By Fan ON)

Reset Temp. OFF (Open) Action Temp. ON (Close)

SW SW

Make type sensor

Make type sensor thermal control


TRS ApplicationKeep Rice Cooker Warm

低温時Low Temp.

TRS

Heater ON

Temp: Low

高温時High Temp.

TRS

Heater OFF

Temp: High

ON Temp. OFF Temp.

Internal Temperature

Low

TRS ：OFF

Heater: OFFHeater: ON

TRS ：ON

Rice cooker body temperature increase

保温コントロールメカニズムMechanism

Sensor: TRS (Break Type)

Thermal Device: Heater

Rice cooker body temperature fall

Internal Temperature

High


TRS ApplicationKeep Rice Cooker Warm

Heater

UP TO

100VAC-50~70W

H

100V AC

TRS

Open

Close

Open

Close

Open

Thermal Reed Switch States

Heater Temperature

Heater Low

Heater High

Heater

ON

Heater

OFFHeater

ON

Heater

OFF

Reset

Operating

Temperature

Heater High

Circuit Example


Thermal Sensor Application

Power Supply

（FA Supply）

Water Antifreeze

（Heater Control）

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT Module

(Overheat Monitor)

Industrial Equipment

Motor (Overheat Monitor）

Rice Cooker

WhitegoodsWater Tank

(Temperature Control)

Overheat Sensing of Radiator

Thermometer


Thermal Sensor Application

Crock Pot Temperature Control

TRS

Heater ON/OFF

ON Temp. OFF Temp.

Heater:OFFHeater:ON

TRS:OFF

TRS:OFF

Sensor: TRS Break Type

Control: Heater

Water Tank Temp. Control

Sensor: TRS Break TypeControl: Heater

H

100V AC

Heater

* Control by

Simple Circuit

TRS

Circuit Example

Power Supply: Overheat Monitoring

Sensor: OHD Break Type

Control: Power Supply

Heatsink

・Overheat monitering-1

・Overheat Monitoring-２(2 Steps Monitoring)

Heatsink

OHD5R-100B（Board Mount＋Screw Fix)OHD3-40M：AlarmOHD3-60M：Shut Down

Sensor: M-TR Break Type

Control: Heater

Thermal Sensor

（Do not contact with heater)

Water Antifreeze: Heater Control


Vibration Sensor


Vibration Sensor

Outline

Features

Product and Performance

KEMET’s Piezo Vibration Sensor can Provide High Sensitivity (20 Times as much as

Conventional Sensor) and Broadband Operation (10Hz ~ 15kHz). The Sensor Convert from

Vibration to Electrical Signal Efficiently by Utilizing KEMET Optimized Ceramic Material and

Original Vibration Amplifying Design.

• High Sensitive, Broadband

• Fixed Voltage Operation with Built-in Amplifier

• Water-Proof / Dust-Proof / Oil-Resistant (VS-JV Series)

VS-BV Series

VS-JV Series

NEW

[Hz]DC 100 1000 10000

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

Area of accelaration detection

10

当社従来製品

FrequencyDC 100 1000 10000

Accele

ration D

ete

ction (

G)

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

Example

Cha

ssis

vib

ratio

n

Harm

onic

vib

ratio

n

10

(Faint vibration)

Vibration sensor for scientific

measurement

MEMS/G Sensor

KEMET Vibration Sensor

Conventional

Vibration

Sensor

Shock

Roller coaster

Motor


Operation of Vibration Sensor

Sound

Time

Vo

lta

ge

Frequency

Mechanical energy

Time

Acce

lera

tio

nPiezoelectric Effect of Ceramic

?

Acce

lera

tio

n

Invisible Energy

Vibration

Piezoelectric ceramic

Electrical energy

Energy conversion

Visible


Features of Vibration SensorWide Acceleration Detection Zone

DC 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (Hz)

Acceleration(m/s2)

100

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.003

0.001

Low-Level

Vibration

MEMS Sensors

MotorBearing

Housing

Vibration

Mis-alignment

High-Frequency

Vibration

HDD

KEMET Vibration Sensors

Wide Frequency: 10Hz to 15kHz, High Sensitivity: 0.001 to 100m/s2


Features of Vibration SensorHigh Sensitivity

KEMET

Others

Structures Sensor

Vibration Occurs


Features of Vibration SensorHigh Sensitivity: Performance Comparison

Frequency ：200Hz

比較のセンサではノイズに埋もれてしまい、測定できない

Test Condition

他社汎用測定器用センサ

Waveform applied to modal exciter : Sine wave

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Acceleration by modal exciter [m/s2]

Ou

tpu

t vo

lta

ge

= S

en

sitiv

ity [

Vrm

s]

KEMET

Competitor

Competitor: Accelerometer for measurement

Acceleration noise density : 0.003m/s2/√Hz

Noise cannot be detected by competitors


Features of Vibration SensorBuilt-In Amplifier / Fixed Voltage Operation

Circuit Structure

Vin (3.3V)

Vout

GND

Sensor

Piezoelectric

Actuator

Amplifier

KEMET: 3 to 5V Operation

Others:

PLC

Micro-Computer

Direct Connection

Amplifier is requiredPLC


Target Market of Vibration SensorIoT: Condition Monitoring / Predictive Maintenance Solution

Production

Equipment

Market

Infrastructure

Machine Tool

Vibration Sensor

Vibration

Measuring

InstrumentPLC

Vibration Data

Network

Sound

Monitoring the health of production facilities on the network

Vibration Data Collection / Analysis

---

88-－－ーー

-－－ーー

AI

Machine Learning

Microcomputer

Module

MeasurementIndustrial IoT

Data AnalysisThreshold


Target Market of Vibration Sensor

Factory

AutomationMotor

Train

Various

Manufacturing

Gear

Bearing

Robot

Infrastructure

Water Pipe

Wind Power

Generation


Applications of Vibration Sensor

Effect = Customers Benefits

• Improve productivity

• Reduction in the number of defects

• Extended tool life

Detection of machining state by

Vibration sensor

Optimum processing condition

Customers• Machine tool manufacturer

‒ DMG Mori, Okuma,etc.

• Machine tool users‒ Automobile, aircraft, etc.

• Variation in machining

accuracy increases.

• Life of the tool turns worse

Feedback

Abnormal

Vibration

Detection


Thank You!

Date post:	10-Jun-2020
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Sensors - Engineering Center€¦ · Sensors •A sensor is a hardware device which detects or...

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