Sentences:Simple, Complex, &

Compound

Review: ClausesReview: Clauses

o To understand certain types of sentences, you have to understand certain types of clauses, as studied in our last unit.

o Remember: an independent clauseindependent clause is a fancy name for a sentence.

o A dependent clausedependent clause is a group of words that has a subject and predicate, but cannot stand alone (it doesn’t express a complete thought).

What is a SIMPLE What is a SIMPLE Sentence?Sentence?

Asimple sentencesimple sentence

is a stand-aloneindependent clauseindependent clause

without anydependent clausesdependent clauses.

Sample SIMPLE Sample SIMPLE SentencesSentences

Independent Clause / Simple Sentence #1:

My sister’s cat really annoys me.My sister’s cat really annoys me.Independent Clause / Simple Sentence #2:

My brother and I are tired.My brother and I are tired.Independent Clause / Simple Sentence #3:

The trees bent and swayed in the The trees bent and swayed in the wind.wind.

Independent Clause / Simple Sentence #4:

A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole.A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole.

(Notice how sentence #2 has compound subjects andsentence #3 has compound predicates.)

What is a COMPLEX What is a COMPLEX Sentence?Sentence?

Acomplex sentencecomplex sentence

is a sentence with an independent clauseindependent clause

AND one or moredependent clausesdependent clauses.

Sample COMPLEX Sample COMPLEX SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #1 complexcomplex:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:My sister’s cat really annoys me.

++Dependent Clause:Dependent Clause:when it bites my feet

==Complex Sentence:Complex Sentence:

My sister’s cat really annoys me when it bites my feet.OROR

When it bites my feet,, my sister’s cat really annoys me.

Sample COMPLEX Sample COMPLEX SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #2 complexcomplex:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:My brother and I are tired.

++Dependent Clause:Dependent Clause:

after football practice ends

==Complex Sentence:Complex Sentence:

My brother and I are tired after football practice ends.OROR

After football practice ends,, my brother and I are tired.

Sample COMPLEX Sample COMPLEX SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #3 complexcomplex:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:The trees bent and swayed in the wind.

++Dependent Clause:Dependent Clause:

while the rain poured down

==Complex Sentence:Complex Sentence:

The trees bent and swayed in the wind while the rain poured down.

ORORWhile the rain poured down,, the trees bent and swayed

in the wind.

Sample COMPLEX Sample COMPLEX SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #4 complexcomplex:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole.

++Dependent Clause:Dependent Clause:

since the cat chased it

==Complex Sentence:Complex Sentence:

A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole since the cat chased it.OROR

Since the cat chased it,, a small, furry squirrel ran up a pole.

Complex Sentence PracticeComplex Sentence PracticeIn each pair of sentences, decide which one is complex:

1. a. I would like my fresh salad before my sirloin steak. b. Jenny must clean her room before she goes.

2. a. After the news is over, let’s play a game. b. Patrick will line up after Susan, Terri, and Robert.

3. a. He will do his homework because it’s due tomorrow.

b. The final game was postponed because of the rain.

4. a. When will you come to my house to play air hockey?

b. When the moon is full, strange things happen.

Complex Sentence PracticeComplex Sentence PracticeThe pinkpink sentence is complex:

1. a. I would like my fresh salad before my sirloin steak. b. Jenny must clean her room before she goes.b. Jenny must clean her room before she goes.

2. a. After the news is over, let’s play a game.a. After the news is over, let’s play a game. b. Patrick will line up after Susan, Terri, and Robert.

3. a. He will do his homework because it’s due a. He will do his homework because it’s due tomorrow.tomorrow.

b. The final game was postponed because of the rain.

4. a. When will you come to my house to play air hockey? b. When the moon is full, strange things happen.b. When the moon is full, strange things happen.

Remember: A dependent clause must haveRemember: A dependent clause must havea subject a subject ANDAND predicate! predicate!

What is a COMPOUND What is a COMPOUND Sentence?Sentence?

Acompound sentencecompound sentenceis a sentence with two independent clausesindependent clausesjoined by a coordinating

conjunction.

What is a COORDINATING What is a COORDINATING CONJUNCTION?CONJUNCTION?These are the 7

coordinating conjunctioncoordinating conjunctionused to join compound sentences:

forfor, andand, nornor,butbut, oror, yetyet, soso

(FYI: for = because)

Just remember:

F A N B O Y SF A N B O Y S

Punctuating Compound Punctuating Compound SentencesSentences

Use a comma

AFTERAFTERthe 1st independent clause,

BEFOREBEFOREthe coordinating

conjunction!

Sample COMPOUND Sample COMPOUND SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #1 compoundcompound:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:My sister’s cat really annoys me.

++Coordinating Conjunction:Coordinating Conjunction:

but

++Independent Clause:Independent Clause:

It is cute.

==Compound Sentence:Compound Sentence:

My sister’s cat really annoys me,, but it is cute.

Sample COMPOUND Sample COMPOUND SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #2 compoundcompound:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:My brother and I are tired.

++Coordinating Conjunction:Coordinating Conjunction:

so

++Independent Clause:Independent Clause:We are going to bed.

==Compound Sentence:Compound Sentence:

My brother and I are tired,, so we are going to bed.

Sample COMPOUND Sample COMPOUND SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #3 compoundcompound:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:The trees bent and swayed in the wind.

++Coordinating Conjunction:Coordinating Conjunction:

for

++Independent Clause:Independent Clause:

The storm was approaching.

==Compound Sentence:Compound Sentence:

The trees bent and swayed in the wind, for the storm was approaching.

Sample COMPOUND Sample COMPOUND SentencesSentencesHere’s how you make simplesimple sentence #4 compoundcompound:

Independent Clause:Independent Clause:A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole.

++Coordinating Conjunction:Coordinating Conjunction:

yet

++Independent Clause:Independent Clause:It wasn’t being chased.

==Compound Sentence:Compound Sentence:

A small, furry squirrel ran up a pole, yet it wasn’t being chased.

POP QuizPOP QuizDecide whether each sentence is simple (S)(S), complex

(CX)(CX),or compound (CD)(CD).1. The desk was made of wood and metal.2. When I left home, it hadn’t rained yet.3. What’s on TV after this show?4. I have some money, but I want to save it.5. Bill and Sam played baseball and football today.6. I’m going to read while I wait for my mom.7. She’s tired, for she stayed up too late.8. I want a Coke, and I’ll have pizza, too.9. Mrs. Parker has a big, black, sassy cat.10. Tammy finished her test although she was careless.

POP Quiz AnswersPOP Quiz AnswersDecide whether each sentence is simple (S), complex (CX),or compound (CD).1. The desk was made of wood and metal. (S)(S)2. When I left home, it hadn’t rained yet. (CX)(CX)3. What’s on TV after this show? (S)(S)4. I have some money, but I want to save it. (CD)(CD)5. Bill and Sam played baseball and football today. (S)(S)6. I’m going to read while I wait for my mom. (CX)(CX)7. She’s tired, for she stayed up too late. (CD)(CD)8. I want a Coke, and I’ll have pizza, too. (CD)(CD)9. Mrs. Parker has a big, black, sassy cat. (S)(S)10. Tammy finished her test although she was careless.

(CX)(CX)