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Sep 28 John R. Spencer (Southwest Research Institute)Sep 28 John R. Spencer (Southwest Research Institute)
““Taking the Measure of the Solar System”Taking the Measure of the Solar System”
Oct 05 Carl Heiles (Berkeley)Oct 05 Carl Heiles (Berkeley)
““Our Local Microcosmos”Our Local Microcosmos”
Oct 19 Mario Mateo (Michigan)Oct 19 Mario Mateo (Michigan)
““Galaxies: Where Space Becomes Time”Galaxies: Where Space Becomes Time”
Nov 02 Niel Brandt (Penn State)Nov 02 Niel Brandt (Penn State)
““A Rich and Evolving Tapestry of Cosmic A Rich and Evolving Tapestry of Cosmic Structure”Structure”
Nov 16 Michael S. Turner (Chicago) Nov 16 Michael S. Turner (Chicago) Mohler Prize LectureMohler Prize Lecture
““Quarks to the Cosmos: Connecting the Quarks to the Cosmos: Connecting the Smallest and Largest Scales”Smallest and Largest Scales”
Scales of the UniverseScales of the Universea distinguished speaker seriesa distinguished speaker series
7:30 PM, 1800 Dow Chemistry BulidingTelescope observing / planetarium show following
NGC 3310
NGC 1300
NGC 5866
M 104
M 83
NGC 3370
NGC 2787
Center of M 51
Galaxies: Where Space
Becomes Time The 20th Century Heritage:
A Galaxy is our (essential) Home.
Ours is a Universe of Galaxies.
. . . S C A L E
Dwarf Galaxies
• M ~ 107 M
•L ~ 105 L
• R ~ 1000 l-y
• N ~ 105
Dwarf Galaxies
• M ~ 107 M
•L ~ 105 L
• R ~ 1000 l-y
• N ~ 105
‘Normal’ Galaxies
• M ~ 1012 M
•L ~ 3 x 1010 L
• R ~ 100,000 l-y
• N ~ 1012
‘Normal’ Galaxies
• M ~ 1012 M
•L ~ 3 x 1010 L
• R ~ 100,000 l-y
• N ~ 1012Giant Galaxies
• M ~ 1013-14 M
•L ~ 5 x 1011 L
• R ~ 1 million l-y
• N ~ 1015
Giant Galaxies
• M ~ 1013-14 M
•L ~ 5 x 1011 L
• R ~ 1 million l-y
• N ~ 1015
But what do these numbers mean?
1 billion sec (109 sec)
1 trillion inches (1012 in)
1 quadrillion grains of sand (1015)
The Galactic Disk
Where stars are born today
Where most stars live outtheir lives.
Where most stars die andrecycle their ashes.
The Galactic Bulge
The higheststellar densityin our Galaxy
A surprising haven of massive star formation (Galactic Bar?)
Home of a super-massiveBlack Hole at the Galactic
Center
The Galactic HaloNGC6093
47 Tuc
Our Milky Way
(side view)
Really, NGC 891
Oldest Humans (60k)
Neanderthals disappearing (45k)
Humans cross Bering Strait to NA (17k)
Egyptian Civilization develops (8k)
Present day
The Progression of Time in a Galaxy Photo
But Galaxies like the Milky Way are just individual players on the stage of the Universe. . . How big is the stage?
Distances
Nearby Galaxies: ‘Normal’Variable Stars
Remote Galaxies: Supernovae
Distribution
Evolution
v = HD
We see >10 billion yrs into the past:
There were more galaxies!They were closer together!!
Galaxies would have first grown from collapse, then merging.We can see that long-past era today . . .
Collisions/Mergers
. . . even in the Milky Way!
and the processes at work then are still going on . . .
It may have looked something like this . . .
Earth (0.000001 sec away)
Meteor (0.00001 sec)
Comet McNaught (15 min)
Alpha Centauri (4.2 yrs)
Milky Way (28,000 yrs)
47 Tuc (12000 yrs)
SMC (250,000 yrs)
Dark Sky (14 billion yrs)