Separation of CO in Coal Fired Power Plants without ...

Institut für Wärme- undInstitut für Wärme und Brennstofftechnik

Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?!

Reinhard Leithner; Martin Strelow; Silvia Magda; Fridolin Röder; Christian Schlitzberger

CO2 capture

CO2 N2+H2OH2O-condensationH2O

CO2

combustion toCO +H O+N

conventional cycles like steam cycle andcombined steam and gas turbine cycle

Gas separation

with MEA,Lithiumzirkonate etc.

CO2-separationN2-separationN2

CO2+H2O+N2

air CmHn

Gas separationmethods:absorptioncryogenicmembraneadsorptioncondensation

gasification methods:

airO2water

exo-therm

(water vapour)gasification

CO

(I)

air separation

O2CO+H 2

condensation watervapourCO2H2

endo-therm recyclingcombined

in solidoxide

fuell cell

N2

CO2-separation CO2

H2

oxidation Fuel cells and adapted conventional cycles like steam

oxygen-combustion

H2O

CO2+H2O

(capable of H2 and CO)

adapted(flue gas recirculation)

conventional cycleslike steam cycle and

bi d t d

CO+H2 - ShiftreactionCO+H2+H2O CO2 + 2H2

(I)

H2O+N2

cycle and combined steam- and gasturbine cycle

H2Ocondensation

H2OCO2

combined steam andgas turbine cycle

22.06.2011| R. Leithner | Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?! | Seite 2

2 2 2 2

Principle of Carbonate Looping

RCaOCO2 CaCO3 RH (p0,T0 )

RH (p0,T0 ) 170 kJmol

with mol

- Calcinator:Heat input with high temperatureHeat input with high temperature

- Carbonator:Heat output with lower temperaturep p

- Heat output in Calcinator is equal to heat input in Carbonator


Carbonate Looping as retrofit

- Calcination with oxyfuel-combustion for heat inputrefer to [Epple,2007] TU Darmstadt

- Problem: Air separation and additional fuel necessary


Alternative integration of Carbonate Looping in a coal fired power plant

- Water vapour as fluidisation gas in Calcinator

- Calcinator is integrated in b ti h bcombustion chamber

- Pressure in Calcinator is higher than atmospherehigher than atmosphere downstream turbine for additional power output

- No additional heat input necessary

- Heat transfer for evaporation in Carbonator


Simulation with ENBIRPO (energy balance program)


Modelling of Carbonator and Calcinator

M b lMass balance:

Energy balance:

min,gas min,solid mout,gas mout,solid

Energy balance:Hin,gas Hin,solid Qreaction Hout,gas Hout,solid

- Balance equations in Carbonator and CalcinatorBalance equations in Carbonator and Calcinator- Ideal stirred reactor model (zero dimensional model, temperature in reactor

is equal to output temperature)- Reaction with chemical equilibriumReaction with chemical equilibrium - Equilibrium composition with Gibbs Enthalpy and law of mass action


The reference power plant

- Power plant Staudinger 6 (E.ON Engeneering GmbH)


The reference power plant


Power plant with CO2 capture


Power plant with CO2 capture and compression


Simulation results – QT diagram

Fl CO d H OFlue gas CO2 and H2O downstream Calcinator


Simulation results

Reference power plant

Power plant with CO2 capture

Power plant with CO2capture and p p 2 p pcompression

Heat input 2363 MW 2363 MW 2363 MWHeat input 2363 MW 2363 MW 2363 MW

Steam turbine: electrical output 1101 MW 1040 MW 1040 MW

H O/CO t biH2O/CO2-turbine: electrical output - 41 MW 41 MW

CO2 compression - - 81 MW

Auxiliary power 48 MW 50 MW 50 MW

Gross efficiency 46,6 % 45,8 % 45,8 %

Net efficiency 44,5 % 43,7 % 40,2 %


Possible further improvements

- Evaporation of transport water partly withEvaporation of transport water partly with bled steam and use of CO2 and steam-heat after turbine for part flow superheating and reheatingp g g

- Increasing transport water flow

- Increasing CO2 partial pressure followed b i i l i ti t tby increasing calcination-temperature


Comparison of some technologies to capture CO2

Post combustion Oxyfuel combustion Pre Post combustion Oxyfuel combustion combustion

Chemical absorbtion(MEA)

Carbonate Looping as retrofit

Integrated Carbonate Looping

Chemical Looping

Oxyfuel with recirculation

IGGC power plant

(MEA) retrofit Looping

State of technology

first pilot plants test facility feasibility

study test facility first pilot plants

first pilot plants

Ti h i h t t l t l t l t di h t tTime horizon short-term long-term long-term long-term medium short-term

Retrofit possible yes yes no no (yes) no

10 8 % 3 % 1% (8 %) 10 %Efficiency Losses without compression

10,8 % 3 % < 1% - (8 %) 10 %

[Korkmaz,2011]Berwertung von Maßnahmen zur Nachrüstung von

Steinkohlekraftwerken mit einer CO2 Rückhaltung

[Epple, 2008] CO2 Capture Based on Chemical Looping and

Carbonate Looping, VGB Power Tech

[Gonschorek, 2006]Entwicklungsstand

des Oxyfuel-Prozesses, Kraftwerktechnisches

Kolloquium

[Ogriseck,2006] Kraftwerke mit

Kohlevergasung, Informationsdienst Kompetenz

in Energieeiner CO2 Rückhaltung, VDI Fortschritts-Berichte


Separation of CO2 in Coal Fired Power Plants without Efficiency Losses?!

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Prof. Dr. techn. R. LeithnerInstitut of Heat and Fuel Technology

Technische Universität BraunschweigTechnische Universität Braunschweigwww.wbt.ing.tuwww.wbt.ing.tu--bs.debs.de


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