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Methods of Separating Mixtures
• Magnet• Filter• Decant• Evaporation• Centrifuge• Chromatography• Distillation
Filtration separates
a liquid from a solid
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Mixture ofsolid andliquid Stirring
rod
Filtrate (liquidcomponentof the mixture)
Filter papertraps solid
Funnel
Paper Chromatography
Chromatography:Separates substances on the basis of differences in solubility in a solvent.
Setup to heat a solution
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42
Ring stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
Distillation ApparatusSalt remains after all water is
boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Saltwater solution(homogeneous mixture)
Distillation(physical method)
Salt
Pure water
Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Centrifugation
• Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside)
• Separate blood into serum and plasma– Plasma = less dense– Erythrocytes = red blood cells
• Check for anemia (lack of iron)
Water Molecules
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 8
The decomposition of two water molecules.
2 H2O O2 + 2 H2
Electriccurrent
Watermolecules
Diatomic Diatomicoxygen molecule hydrogen molecules+