September 2002

HND Year 2HND Year 2

Database Management Database Management SystemsSystems

Sept 2002Sept 2002

September 2002

Unit TeamUnit Team

Lectures / WorkshopsLectures / Workshops– Naveed Hamid (Unit Leader)Naveed Hamid (Unit Leader)– Juliet GreavesJuliet Greaves

TutorialsTutorials– Naveed HamidNaveed Hamid– Juliet GreavesJuliet Greaves– John NewJohn New– Titus Olaniyi

September 2002

OutlineOutline

Essential TextEssential Text Discussion of Assessment / Discussion of Assessment /

Assignment FormatAssignment Format Discussion of Topics coveredDiscussion of Topics covered Intro to Relational ModelIntro to Relational Model

September 2002

Essential TextEssential Text

– Relational Database PrinciplesRelational Database Principles

Colin RitchieColin Ritchie, , DP Publications,DP Publications, 1998. 1998.

– Database SystemsDatabase Systems. . A Practical Approach to Design, A Practical Approach to Design,

Implementation, and Management. Implementation, and Management. Thomas Connolly, Carolyn Begg.Thomas Connolly, Carolyn Begg.33rdrd Edition Addison-Wesley 2002. Edition Addison-Wesley 2002.

ISBN 0-201-70857-4ISBN 0-201-70857-4

September 2002

Additional Recommended Additional Recommended TextsTexts

– Modern Database Management 5th Ed, Modern Database Management 5th Ed, Fred McFaddenFred McFadden et al et alAddison Wesley Longman IncAddison Wesley Longman Inc

– Relational Database, Relational Database, John CarterJohn CarterInternational Thompson Computer PressInternational Thompson Computer Press

– Database SystemsDatabase Systems, Catherine Ricardo. , Catherine Ricardo. Macmillan Macmillan

– An Introduction to Database Systems, C J Date. Addison Wesley

September 2002

OutcomesOutcomes

1. Investigate DBMS Technologies

2. Perform Database Administrative Tasks

3. Devise strategies for a Multi-User Environment

September 2002

Assessment criteria Describe the components of a DBMS Define a suitable DBMS strategy for a given

application requirement. Create database from a specified model and manage

the users Modify database to include referential constraints Apply techniques to tune database performance Identify potential dangers in a multi-user environment Perform rollback and recovery operations Devise locking strategies for a given multi-user

application

September 2002

Assessment/Assignment Assessment/Assignment FormatFormat

AssignmentAssignment– Case StudyCase Study– ER Diagram 1 & 2 – Indicating relationships

and cardinality.– Assumptions – List of assumptions during

development of ER.– Table Attributes – Table and attribute names

indicating all keys.– SQL Answers – SQL statements developed

based on your ER.– Results – Output from your SQL and test data.

September 2002

Personal Oracle 8iPersonal Oracle 8i

Can be installed on Windows 98 Can be installed on Windows 98 onlyonly– Options if you don’t have win 98Options if you don’t have win 98– Work at UniversityWork at University– Install Windows 98Install Windows 98– Install MySQLInstall MySQL

Similar to Oracle and can work on any Similar to Oracle and can work on any platformplatform

September 2002

TCA in January 2003TCA in January 2003

Section ASection A Case studyCase study

– ER ModelER Model– 40%40%

Section BSection B Multiple ChoiceMultiple Choice

– 60%60%– Remaining TopicsRemaining Topics– 2 marks for the 2 marks for the

correct answercorrect answer– 1 mark deducted 1 mark deducted

for an incorrect for an incorrect answeranswer

September 2002

Pass Rate Last YearPass Rate Last Year

80 full time and part time students80 full time and part time students 60% Pass first Time60% Pass first Time Of the 40% FailsOf the 40% Fails

– 50% had not handed in a piece of 50% had not handed in a piece of assessmentassessment

– 50% had failed either one or both items of 50% had failed either one or both items of assessmentassessment

September 2002

Section BSection B

Modules TopicsModules Topics

September 2002

Week 1Week 1 Introduction to DBS / Relation Introduction to DBS / Relation ModelModel

Week 2Week 2 Data Modelling the ER ModelData Modelling the ER Model Week 3Week 3 NormalisationNormalisation Week 4Week 4 File OrganisationFile Organisation Week 5Week 5 Database Management SystemsDatabase Management Systems

Week 6Week 6 Relational AlgebraRelational Algebra

Modules TopicsModules Topics

September 2002

Modules TopicsModules Topics

Week 7Week 7 SQLSQL Week 8Week 8 Integrity and Security Integrity and Security Weeks 9Weeks 9 Concurrency and RecoveryConcurrency and Recovery Week 10Week 10 Networked & Distributed Networked & Distributed

Systems Systems Week 11Week 11 Beyond the Relational Model Beyond the Relational Model Week 12 Revision WeekWeek 12 Revision Week

September 2002

DatabasesDatabases

A Brief IntroductionA Brief Introduction

September 2002

Databases - what are Databases - what are they?they?

Where do we find Databases?Where do we find Databases?– UniversityUniversity– GovernmentGovernment– Airline Booking SystemAirline Booking System– Letting AgencyLetting Agency

Why and how are they used?Why and how are they used? What exactly is a Database?What exactly is a Database?

– Collection of related data.Collection of related data.

September 2002

History of DatabasesHistory of Databases

Where have relational Databases come Where have relational Databases come from?from?– File based systemsFile based systems– ““A collection of application programs that A collection of application programs that

perform services for the end-users such as perform services for the end-users such as the production of reports.” the production of reports.”

– ““Each program defines and manages its Each program defines and manages its own data” own data” Connolly et alConnolly et al

– Basically an attempt to computerise a filing Basically an attempt to computerise a filing systemsystem

September 2002

Limitations of the File Limitations of the File SystemSystem

Data held in separate and isolated Data held in separate and isolated storesstores– PayrollPayroll– PersonnelPersonnel– DepartmentDepartment

Duplication of dataDuplication of data– The same data held in different storesThe same data held in different stores– Inconsistencies in the data storesInconsistencies in the data stores

September 2002

Limitations of the File System Limitations of the File System cont..cont..

Data DependenceData Dependence– Any modification to the data has to be Any modification to the data has to be

propagated to the programs that propagated to the programs that access the dataaccess the data

File are dependent on the language File are dependent on the language of the accessing programsof the accessing programs– files created for C programs cannot be files created for C programs cannot be

accessed by Cobol programsaccessed by Cobol programs

September 2002

The Relational ModelThe Relational Model

September 2002

Database ConceptsDatabase Concepts

Permanent StoragePermanent Storage File ProcessingFile Processing Data of Prime importance DBMSData of Prime importance DBMS Meta DataMeta Data Database ModelsDatabase Models

– HierarchicalHierarchical– NetworkNetwork– Object OrientedObject Oriented

September 2002

Relational DatabaseRelational Database

Edward Codd 1970Edward Codd 1970 Two-dimensional tables - no pointersTwo-dimensional tables - no pointers Entity Relationship Model - Chen 1976Entity Relationship Model - Chen 1976 ANSI/SPARC architectureANSI/SPARC architecture

– External levelExternal level– Conceptual levelConceptual level– Internal levelInternal level

September 2002

Modelling ConceptsModelling Concepts

Application DomainApplication Domain EntitiesEntities AttributesAttributes Domain and TypeDomain and Type RelationshipRelationship

September 2002

Relational ModelRelational Model

Mathematical theory of setsMathematical theory of sets Primary KeyPrimary Key Composite KeyComposite Key Functional DependencyFunctional Dependency Foreign KeysForeign Keys Candidate KeyCandidate Key

September 2002

TerminologyTerminology

NullsNulls Entity IntegrityEntity Integrity Referential IntegrityReferential Integrity

September 2002

Reading for Next WeekReading for Next Week

Ritchie Chapter 3 and 4Ritchie Chapter 3 and 4 Connolly Chapter 3Connolly Chapter 3

September 2002

Week 1Week 1

NO WorkshopsNO Workshops NO SeminarsNO Seminars NO PracticalsNO Practicals