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September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 1 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [Formal Submission of the 802.15.4IGa Informal CFA Response]Date Submitted: [8 September, 2003]Source: [Jason Ellis- IEEE 802.15.4IGa Vice-Chair; Larry Taylor- IEEE 802.15.4IGa Chair; Responses contributed from 14 sources- details follow in the presentation] Company [Various]
Address [ELLIS- General Atomics- 10240 Flanders Ct., San Diego, CA 92121]Voice:[+1 (858) 457-8749], FAX: [+1 (858) 457-8740], E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Address [TAYLOR- Staccato Communications-5893 Oberlin Dr. San Diego, CA 92121]Voice:[+1 (858) 642-0111], FAX: [+1 (858_ 642-0161], E-Mail:[[email protected]]
Re: [This submission is in response to the committee’s request to identify applications enabled by an alternate 802.15.4SGa PHY]
Abstract: [Having discussed new features offered by candidate technologies, this presentation compiles 14 Call for Application contributions, previously presented to the Interest Group.
Purpose: [In response to the 802.15.4SGa Call for Applications]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 2 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’
Formal Call For Applications Response
14 Respondents, previously submitted to the former
802.15.4 Interest Group ‘a’
September 2003 IEEE 802.15 MeetingSingapore
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 3 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Table of ContributorsSource Affiliation(s) Pages
• Patrick Houghton Aetherwire & Location 4-12• Jason Ellis General Atomics 13-17• Lajuane Brooks LB&A Consulting 18-21• John Lampe Nanotron Technologies 22-24• Uri Kareev Pulsicom 25-28• In Hwan Kim Samsung Electronics 29-34• Ted Kwon Samsung / CUNY 35-39• Mark Bowles Staccato Communications 40-43• Philippe Rouzet ST Microelectronics 42-56• Oren Eliezer InfoRange 57-61• Kai Siwiak TimeDerivative / Q-Track 62-65• Peter Batty Ubisense Limited 66-71• Serdar Yurdakul Wisair 72-80• Richard Nowakowski City of Chicago- OEMC R&D 81-
88
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 4 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #1Patrick Houghton
(408) 400-0785 [email protected]
Aetherwire & Location
http://www.aetherwire.com
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 5 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Applications• Finding People
– Situational Awareness for Soldiers– Firefighter Rescue
• Finding Assets– Autonomous Manifesting– ISO Container Security
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M)– Wireless Sensor Networks– Home/Office Automation– Robotics
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 6 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Situational Awareness for Soldiers
• No Effective Means of Indoor Location
• Confusion and lack of Communication and Control
• Sounds are confusing and difficult to localize
• Seconds count...• Localizers provide
ID and location• Avoid Fratricide• Positive IFF
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 7 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Military Operations in Urban Terrain
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 8 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Firefighter Rescue• When Firefighters are trapped or lost,
there is no effective way to rescue them• Trapped or lost firefighters, if conscious,
often don’t know their own location• Unlike the Movies, structural fires are
characterized by heavy smoke and darkness
• Sounds are diffused by smoke and difficult to localize
• Seconds count...• If they are known to be on the scene
(sometimes they are not), it may take a long time before a firefighter is missed
• Commanders don’t know status of their firefighters (oxygen level, health, etc.)
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 9 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Track Firefighter Status
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 10 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Finding Assets for DOD
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 11 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Machine-to-Machine (M2M)• Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Automation &
Control– Wiring for sensors fixed to pipes can cost $10 to $25 per foot– Thousands of temperature monitoring points in typical installation– Cost of wiring exceeds cost of sensor
• Office and Home Automation– HVAC Controller Wire Replacement– Office/Home Security Systems
• Robots in Manufacturing– Mobile robot navigation & docking– Relieve robots from cables & avoid expensive infrastructure
• Large Potential Market for low-power, mobile, ad-hoc networks– Also known as: Invisible Networks, Ad-hoc Networks, Mesh
Networks– Most solutions don’t address LOCATION
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 12 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Device Requirements• Market requirements for a device to provide
communication and precise 3D position in a low-power wireless Mobile ad-hoc Network (peer to peer with rapid acquisition of new members) Data Rate: 10K bits/second Network Size: can scale to 1 Million nodes Can Operate in High Noise and High Multipath
Environment Cost: Under $1 in quantity - single chip device Range: 30 meters (good penetration) Power Consumption: <1mW 3D Position with cm range accuracy Compatible with sensors
Houghton- Aetherwire
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 13 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #2Jason Ellis+1 (858) [email protected]
General AtomicsPhotonics Division
http://www.ga.com/uwb
A leader in sensor and wireless technology
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 14 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Inventory Control
• Warehousing– Allows quick and precise pinpointing of
goods• Retail shops
– Supports real-time tracking of shipments /pallets• Can quickly locate and read items on densely
loaded pallets
– High valued items• i.e. No security wires preventing customers
from trying on leather jackets
Ellis- General Atomics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 15 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Location of Sensors
• In a very dense environment, with lots of sensors, the ability to locate a particular sensor may be very important– Faulty sensor on production line
Ellis- General Atomics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 16 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Security
• Workstation locks when user goes out of range
• Automobile unlocks when driver comes within range- supports cars of the future
• Authentication based on precise location– Point of sale– Wireless Ethernet users
Ellis- General Atomics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 17 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Summary of Requirements
• Addressed by present PHY– Low cost- throwaway– Low power consumption- long battery life
• New features to be supported by Alternate PHY– Precision location determination capability
• 3 inches to 3 feet accuracy
– Support for co-location of many devices• Scenarios call out for high aggregate capacity
Ellis- General Atomics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 18 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #3Lajuane Brooks
(301) 346-2482 [email protected]
LB&A Consulting
Potential 802.15.4a Application to Enhance Child Safety at Home, in Schools, & in Times of Crisis
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 19 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
The wireless infrastructure provides a vehicle for a formal child safety infrastructure
• Providing private, personal-area-safety nets for child localization at home, in schools, etc.$
The child safety infrastructure promotes faster deployment of the wireless infrastructure
• Converting wireless niceties into essential appliances that protect children from harm
Market for Wireless Safety Devices
The public has issued an overwhelming request for more proactive safeguards
• 58,000 children are reported as abducted by a non-family member every year• 40% of children abducted by strangers are murdered (NCMEC, 2002)• Most children abducted by strangers are killed within 4 hours, so it is critical to
respond quickly (Walsh 2001; DOJ) • We have no formal infrastructure that accounts for children during times of crisis
Background: Personal-Area-Networks (PANs) can provide Personal-Area-
Safety
Brooks- LB&A Consulting
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 20 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Opportunity to Establish a Technological Foundation for Wireless Child Localization
IEEE 802.15.4High
PrecisionLocalization
Other Enabling Technologies
IEEE 802.15.4 High Precision Localization
• Availability of Location Data to Upper Layers
• Adaptable Physical Layer• Extend to Business Environment
Standardized Child Tracking Can Be Extended to Wider Area Coverage Incorporating Interoperability and Compatibility
Near - TermNear - Term Future - TermFuture - Term
Brooks- LB&A Consulting
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 21 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
In parallel with IEEE 802.15.4a:Invitation to a High-Tech Child Safety
ForumDeveloping Solutions with Key Support
Assemble the Stakeholders in Child Safety, Crisis Response, & Wireless Communications
Together Examine the Feasibility of a Child Safety Infrastructure
Government Agencies (NIST, FCC, DOJ, etc.) Wireless Communications Developers Children’s Clothing & Shoe Manufacturers RF Tag Manufacturers & Distributors Children’s & Parents Advocacy Groups Security Monitoring Services Mapping & Positioning Software & Services
Is the Technology Ready?
Present the Technological Options
Is Society Ready?
Compile Product RequirementsA High-Tech Child Safety Roundtable
A One-Day Event on Wednesday, October 8A One-Day Event on Wednesday, October 8 thth, 2003, 2003
George Washington University Grand Ballroom, Wash DCGeorge Washington University Grand Ballroom, Wash DC
www.KidLocate.net
Brooks- LB&A Consulting
Privacy Protection
“Provide protection without giving up privacy?”
Positioning Data“How will location
data be accessed?”
RF-ID“Concealing RF-ID Tags in Children’s
Clothing?”
TechnicalTechnicalFeasibilityFeasibility
“Can it be done?”
Incident Escalation
“A more cohesive relationship between
police & the community?”
Parent Supervision
“Can it supplement parent supervision without
substituting it?”
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 22 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #4John Lampe
+49 30 399 954 0 [email protected]
Nanotron Technologies
http://www.nanotron.de
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 23 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Benefits Which Open up Applications
• Simple and accurate position calculation• Extended range• Extremely power efficient• Compatibility with DSSS• Simultaneous sensing of multiple 15.4 channels• HIGH
– Performance (high symbol rate)– Reliability (predictable minimum range, network planning)– Robustness against multipath fading– Robustness against interference
• LOW– Transmit power– Human exposure– Latency– Cost
Lampe- Nanotron
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 24 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Some Applications• Transportation• Asset tracking• Mission critical (e.g. industrial)• Low latency tolerance applications (e.g. control,
gaming, streaming)• Device sharing/participating among multiple
networks (multiple simultaneous channel sensing)
• 15.4 Network extension (backward-compatibility)• Cordless phones• VOIP• Longer battery life
Lampe- Nanotron
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 25 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #5Uri Kareev
Pulsicom
http://www.pulsicom.com
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 26 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Location Aware Application
Application Loc. finding importance
Few bits comm. importance
True comm. importance
Comments
Healthcare inventory tracking
Critical Important Nice to have
Healthcare – people tracking
Critical Important Nice to have
Workforce - people tracking
Critical Important Not important
Kareev- Pulsicom
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 27 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Location Aware Application continued
Application Loc. finding importance
Few bits comm. importance
True comm. importance
Comments
Warehouse management
Critical Nice to have Irrelevant
Supply chain management
Critical Nice to have Nice to have
Building automation
Nice to have / Important
Critical Critical
Retail store customer tracking
Critical Not important
Not important
Kareev- Pulsicom
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 28 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Location Aware Application continued
Application Loc. finding importance
Few bits comm. importance
True comm. importance
Comments
Theme park tracking
Critical Irrelevant Irrelevant Note, this is one of the few places that can get along with bad location accuracy
Document tracking Critical Irrelevant Irrelevant This application, for full potential needs UWB
Inventory management
Critical Not important
Irrelevant
Kareev- Pulsicom
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 29 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #6In Hwan Kim
Samsung Electronics
http://www.samsung.com
Use of Location Awareness and Sensing Capabilities for 802.15.IG4a Applications
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 30 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Envisioning Applications
• Home Usage:– Sensing/Tracking of babies/children/pets– Tracking of missing items (e.g., keys)– Personal tags for activating services (e.g., open door,
personalized services)
• Home Network should track (recognize) smartly– Who is who? (e.g. kid, mom, dad, grandma….)– Where is he/she?– What kind of services he/she want?
• Requirements– Sensing– Tracking – Location awareness– Low power– Low cost– Security
Kim- Samsung
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 31 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Application Scenario (1 of 3)• Dad enters home• The human device (Dad’s watch) broadcasts Dad’s
ID.• After ID authorized, Dad’s preferred devices (such
as PC, Fax, Mailbox, Phone, TV, Homecare, Hot water supply system) get ready for operation
• Dad is moving toward one of the rooms• With location awareness, devices near Dad are
operating– For example: when Dad is entering the living room
• Received mails are notified• Answering machine notifies received calls• Stock channel is turned ON
Kim- Samsung
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 32 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Application Scenario (2 of 3) - ID Awareness
Kim- Samsung
Study Room
Dining Room
Living Room
Bed Room
Bath RoomDad preferred devices are ready…(ID Awareness)
Dad enters home…
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 33 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Application Scenario (3 of 3) - Location Awareness
Kim- Samsung
Study Room
Dining Room
Living Room
Bed Room
Bath Room
Dad is moving to Study Room…
Notify receiving e-mail
Notify receiving faxes
Notifies received calls
Notify receiving mailStock channel ON
Dad is moving to Living Room…
Hot water ON
Dad is moving to Bath Room…
Notify health information
Dad is moving to Bed Room..
Devices near Dad are operating…(Location Awareness)
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 34 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Conclusion and Issues• Sensing & tracking can be used for
activating personalized services in home network– Sensing is important for identification– Tracking is important for location awareness.
• Issues:– Need to design efficient PHY & MAC
algorithms for sensing & tracking– Need to consider whether the usage of
location awareness capability falls into the scope of the FCC regulation
Kim- Samsung
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 35 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #7Ted Kwon / Myung Lee
Samsung / CUNY
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 36 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Communications and Networking
• Routing– Replacing GPS-assisted routing
• Low cost, low power• At the cost of processing• Indoor as well as outdoor
– Center-location• Minimum link cost of a group (e.g. multicast,
cluster)– Optimal tree or mesh network formation– Smart flooding (avoid redundant flooding)
• MAC– Exposed terminal problem is solved
Kwon- Samsung/CUNY
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 37 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Communications and Networking (cont.)
• Directional Antenna– Using topology information
• Accurate Handoff – Less sensitive to hysteresis of RSSI
• Topology Management– Topology-aware sensing– Smart sensor deployment– Power control
Kwon- Samsung/CUNY
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 38 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
High Precision Positioning
• UWB nodes can measure distance between themselves– Time of flight (btw. pulse time and
arrival time)– Theoretically, sub-centimeter order
• Extension of GPS indoors– GPS signal is useless indoors (non-
LOS)
Kwon- Samsung/CUNY
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 39 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Distance-aware Application• The feature that low-cost UWB devices can
precisely measure the distance between the two communication parties can promote the following example applications:– To prevent children from walking away from parents;– Shutdown TVs when kids move too close to the them;– To prevent the lost of key chains, wallets or other
luxury accessories;– Automatically turn on/off the light or other devices
when people enter/leave the room, garage and etc.– Wireless Tape Measure: measuring distance using
UWB devices (convenient and saves man power)!
Kwon- Samsung/CUNY
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 40 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #8Mark Bowles
(858) 642-0111 [email protected]
Staccato Communications
http://www.staccatocommunications.com
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 41 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Shrink-wrapped Smart Home Systems
Bowles- Staccato
• High density wireless network of controllers, sensors, and actuator nodes for:– Environment control– Energy management (metering and
smart appliances)– Security and identification– Emergency monitoring and safety
(earthquakes, fire)
• Smart Home solutions need to be inexpensive, easy to install, and not limited to new homes
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 42 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Requirements
Bowles- Staccato
• Must address existing home market (not just new homes) • Automated address/control system provisioning and
networked to PC control system SW– Address assignments and control provisioning done
automatically/wirelessly by the network through location-awareness and smart algorithms, not by an electrician or technician or consumer
– Ad-hoc sensor/control network then automatically communicates with PC or other platform over wireless interfaces and network control SW runs on host system and is auto-configured
• No battery– battery lifetime must be longer than device’s lifetime so that
installation is simplified and inexpensive– Energy scavenging from vibration, light, etc.
• Multipath robust– reliable communication in harsh multi-path environment (e.g.
foil-backed insulation in the walls)• Low cost
– <$2 per node
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 43 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Radios Everywhere
Bowles- Staccato
• Very low cost and very long battery lifetime has made microcontrollers an integral part of almost every electrical and electronic product made, and now they permeate even the smallest capillaries of our everyday lives with more than 15 billion units on the planet.
• Radios will follow microcontrollers’ evolution and integration in everyday appliances once they will become location-aware, and will reach similar price, form factor, and power consumption levels.
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 44 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #9Philippe Rouzet / Vanni
Saviotti +41 22 929 58 66
philippe [email protected] , [email protected]
ST Microelectronics
http://www.st.com
This contribution reflects STM’s view about potential usage of Low Data Rate WPAN
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 45 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Rationales for UWB as candidate for LDR WLANS/WPANs for sensor-like
applications• Several LDR standards/solutions
already exist or are close to exist, amongst which:– Bluetooth – Zigbee
• A new standard is necessary if and only if the required features are very different from the ones that will be provided by current standards/solutions
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 46 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Why STM identified new needsTypical application 1
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 47 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Main Requirement
• Locate and identify devices – within an area, – moving to another authorized area, – or “lost”
• Over time (autonomy must last for months or years, no maintenance)
• A device (com. +loc.+energy) is a small fraction of a $
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 48 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Typical Application 2Networks with distributed devices for large structures
monitoring
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 49 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Application 2 Requirement
• Self aware location devices within an area with self configuration, self maintenance and expandability capabilities.
• Over time (autonomy must last for years, how to re-energize the battery?)
• A device (com. +loc.+energy) is a small fraction of a $
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 50 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Typical Application 3Networks of wearable mobile devices
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 51 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Application 3 Requirement• Locate and identify devices/people within an area• Communicate sensor information• Over time (autonomy must last for months,
devices can be re-energized)• A device (com. +loc.+energy) is some $, can be
much more with certain kinds of sensorsExample: 1. For tracking and safety purposes in large
communities environments such as schools and hospitals (large range, medium or large population)
2. For preventive medicine , health monitoring and health therapy purposes. Typically Body Area Networks
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 52 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Properties (1 of 2) (for next slides, features are mainly extracted from application 1 which is
the highest demanding )
• Thousands of active devices may exist in one area
• Devices are as simple as possible (no processor inside, could even be deaf?…)
• Communication is at very low data rate (Kbps?)• Communication is uncoordinated (sporadic or
with low periodicity)• Network is ad’hoc. A controller node exists and
concentrates the intelligence• Devices are mainly sleeping (powerful power
save mechanisms)• Devices can be located easily (see next slide)• Reliability of transmission is essential
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 53 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Properties (2 of 2)
• Localization– Must be offered at very low cost (no
specific sensor UWB is a very good candidate
– Must be done thanks to a simple exchange protocol using only local time of devices and “normal” precision clocks
– Required precision is some 10s of cm or 1 m:
Good time resolution in the system UWB– Devices can move (10-20 mph)
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 54 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Regulation• The system can be operated in open
environments (~outdoor)• A frequency band must exist UWB,
possibly with restrictions• The population density can be huge very
low TX level, very low duty cycle factor, possibly mechanisms to spread the emission over the full band for a given population in one large area
• using and overcrowding the ISM bands does not appear as a good choice
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 55 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Technology
• Fraction of a $, autonomous (battery powered) for months – CMOS !– No processing needs – No initial set up– No big precision oscillator– Good realistic examples are chips for smart
cards same objectives (Quantity, cost, manufacturability, …) but with antenna and battery included
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 56 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Some Initiatives in Europe• European Large R&D: Programs: PULSERS (IST), WITNESS
(MEDEA+) – planned start date end 2003 (TBC)
• Known advanced activities in Europe:– Technology (battery, full CMOS high frequency transceivers, …)– Protocols (processor-less H/W MAC)– Algorithms: localization (tracking, range estimation, …) and
routing– Communication: pulse based modulation for extremely simple
transceivers
• Possible cooperation between European Programs and IEEE 15.4.Ig4a supporters: user requirements, technology (e.g. antenna, integrated batteries),…
• STM is strongly supporting an alternate PHY study for 15.4
Rouzet- STMicroelectronics
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 57 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #10Oren Eliezer
InfoRange
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 58 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Package Tracking• Currently, mostly bar-codes are used, requiring visual
contact with the tracked item, creating not only an accessibility issue but also consumes time.
• Solving these issues is worth the added cost of a wireless-label (assuming a very low cost solution, e.g. sub $2).
• UWB based identification could offer the advantages of:– Shorter reading time (a whole truck could be read in
seconds)– No need for line of sight within a reasonable range – Automatic warning provided by the tracking system
whenever a package is being loaded on a truck/container heading towards the wrong destination, or when a package is mistakenly offloaded
– Locating a package within the truck/container/warehouse
Eliezer- InfoRange
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 59 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Shipment and Delivery Applications -
Comparison with Asset Management• Similar to the asset management applications in some
requirements
• More sensitive to cost of wireless label to be attached to each packet/item to be tracked
• Higher volumes (the labels are a lot more temporary compared to those of asset management, and are attached to many more items)
• Higher aggregate bit-rates needed (e.g. full truckload of packages to be scanned/read within seconds)
multiple packages/items (e.g. 1000) reader (fixed or portable)
Eliezer- InfoRange
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 60 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Discussion of Transmission only Devices
• With a low level of transmission assumed (e.g. below 1mW), the receiver may consume more than the transmitter.
• If a wireless label is to be implemented as a transponder that would transmit its message only in response to being polled, then it might have to waste more energy in reception than in getting its message through (receiver not only consumes more but is powered on for longer intervals).
• Since power consumption should be minimized, and periodically powering a receiver could be wasteful, transmission only devices should be considered.
• If a device’s message comprises very little data, and the air-occupancy and spectrum of the transmission allow for coexistence with many other devices, then asynchronous (device initiated transmissions) should be allowed.
• A message may incorporate an indication whether it is a response to some inquiry/polling or not, but the central reader should also be able to accept those ‘unexpected’ periodic transmissions.
Eliezer- InfoRange
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 61 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Market Potential• Currently, security/access control and
transportation are the most widely adopted applications in the RFID industry, but by 2006, supply chain management applications could hold the lion’s share of RFID market revenues.
• The market for transponders in 2000 was about $500M
• The market for readers in 2000 was about $200M
• With the availability of a global standard also having a location capability, the market potential for such applications is extremely high !
Eliezer- InfoRange
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 62 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #11Kai Siwiak / Jerry Gabig
(954) 937-3288 / (256) 512-0020 [email protected] / [email protected]
TimeDerivative / Q-Track
www.timederivative.comwww.q-track.com
Real Time Location Service (RTLS) Applications, Range and Accuracy Requirements in P802.15.4
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 63 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Real Time Location Systems (RTLS)
CORE RTLS Applications Range Accuracy
High value inventory items (warehouses, ports, motor pools, manufacturing plants)
100-300 m
30-300 cm
Sports tracking (NASCAR, horse races, soccer)
100-300 m
10-30 cm
Cargo tracking at large depots to including port facilities
300 m 300 cm
Vehicles for large automobile dealerships and heavy equipment rental establishments
100-300 m
300 cm
Key personnel in office / plant facility 100-300 m
15 cm
Children in large amusement parks 300 m 300 cm
Pet/cattle/wild life tracking 300 m 15-150 cmSiwiak- TimeDerivative
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 64 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Real Time Location Systems (RTLS)
Niche Commercial Markets Range Accuracy
Robotic mowing & farming 300 m 30 cm
Supermarket carts (matching customers with advertised products)
100-300 m
30 cm
Vehicle caravan / personal radios / family radio service
300 m 300 cm
Military Applications Range Accuracy
Military training facilities 300 m 30 cm
Military search & rescue: lost pilot, man-over-board, Coast Guard rescue operations
300 m 300 cm
Army small tactical unit “friendly forces” situational awareness - rural and urban
300 m 30 cm
Siwiak- TimeDerivative
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 65 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Real Time Location Systems (RTLS)
Civil Government / Safety Applications Range Accuracy
Tracking guards & prisoners 300 m 30 cm
Tracking firefighters and emergency responders
300 m 30 cm
Anti-collision system: aircraft / ground vehicles
300 m 30 cm
Tracking miners 300 m 30 cm
Aircraft landing systems 300 m 30 cm
Detecting avalanche victims 300 m 30 cm
Locating RF noise and interference sources
300 m 30 cm
extension to LoJack® vehicle theft recovery system
300 m 300 cm
Siwiak- TimeDerivative
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 66 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #12Peter Batty
Ubisense Limited
http://www.ubisense.net
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 67 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Healthcare Applications• Streamlining hospital processes
– Locating staff– Finding wandering patients– Ensuring records remain with the patient– Updating electronic records with current
care status
• Asset tracking and management– Finding equipment– Evaluating equipment usage to improve
purchasing
• Workplace safety– Panic alarms with position-finding capability
• Demand now: Large US & UK ambulatory care hospitals
Batty- Ubisense
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 68 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Workplace Productivity Applications
• Better communications between distributed sites– Moving maps– Phone call forwarding– Asynchronous messaging
• Sharing space more effectively – Low-overhead personalisation– Measurement of space utilisation– “Pay-as-you-go” billing for space
• Recording activity in a corporate memory– “Who was at the meeting last week?”
• Demand now: Multinationals implementing distributed workplace strategies
Batty- Ubisense
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 69 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Security Applications• Enhancing CCTV coverage
– Activity-based video stream selection
• Daytime intruder detection– Correlate data from active tracking and
passive (IR, weight, radar) sensors
• Visitor management– Enforcing restricted zones and escort
policies
• Asset tracking
• Automatic ‘man-down’ detection
Demand now: Defense contractors, gemstone processing facilities
Batty- Ubisense
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 70 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Other Application Areas• Retail environments
– Personalised retail experience– Footfall analysis– Locating friends and family in
malls
• Hazardous training– After-action review for urban
combat training– Man-down detection in
firefighter training simulators
Batty- Ubisense
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 71 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Requirements• Technology requirements are:
– High position accuracy (~15cm, 3D, 95% confidence level)
– High update rate for real-time-response
– Moderate range– Low power– Simultaneous low bitrate telemetry– Low cost implementation
• Future 802.15.4 solutions enhanced with high-accuracy location capability seem well-suited
Batty- Ubisense
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 72 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #13Serdar Yurdakul
(408) 399-7747 [email protected]
Wisair
http://www.wisair.com
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 73 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
802.15.4a and Synergistic Applications
• 802.15.4a applications focus on – Multiple sensors environment, localization
and ranging, Smart ID’s
• Synergy with High Bit-Rate applications– Multiple video streaming and Fast data
transfer
• Combination of these applications and 802.15.4a will together provide enhanced capabilities and high value-add to such applications
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 74 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Smart Remote Control• Remote control with 802.15.4a
capabilities• Home theater systems supporting
wireless streaming of Audio & Video
• Full-duplex communication between the remote controller and the home theater equipment– Display system status on the remote
control– Display cover art of played media– Display media directory– Provide the user with the location of the
remote control
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 75 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Audio “Sweet Spot”Prime listening position for
an audio system; the “best seat in the house.” The sweet spot is the listening position for which an audio system is optimized. Normally located halfway between the speakers and back 6 to 8 feet for a stereo audio system, the sweet spot is where optimal sound quality is encountered
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 76 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Automatic “Sweet Spot” Calibration
• Automatically adjust speakers audio “sweet spot”
• The user carries an 802.15.4a Tag
• Both speakers and A/V Receiver have 802.15.4a and wireless streaming capabilities– Supports wireless audio and
speaker localization • A/V Receiver measures the
location of the user and of the speakers
• A/V Receiver dynamically adjust the audio sweet spot to be centered at the user location
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 77 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Media Redirection• User carries a Smart Tag• Receiver identifies user location• Based on user location (room) media
(Video and Audio) is dynamically redirected to nearby display
• An example: – Mr. & Mrs. Smith are watching a TV
program in the living room– Video is being transmitted wirelessly from
their STB– The couple goes out of the living room– Living room TV turns off automatically– The couple enters their bedroom– Bedroom TV turns on automatically and
the right video stream is broadcasted to it
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 78 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Personalized / Secured Content
• Data Hotspot is located at public locations like subway stations
• User carrying an 802.15.4a TAG and a Notebook/PDA is identified by the hot spot
• The TAG contains user content preferences and subscription information
• Based on the TAG information data is being fast downloaded to the user’s Notebook / PDA
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 79 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Gaming - 3D view• User is using wireless video
glasses to view the game display• Glasses include a combination
802.15.4a & wireless video capabilities
• Video is transferred wirelessly to enable free user movement
• Game computer / box measures the headset location and direction
• Based on localization, the graphics display changes dynamically
• Similar concept is used for Head-Up Display (HUD) in combat aircrafts
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 80 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Conclusions
• Interoperability between high bit-rate wireless technologies and 802.15.4a technology will enable more applications and increase the market size of both technologies
• 802.15.4a can be built into various high bandwidth wireless products where interoperability can be developed and included in the end products
• Many other future markets and products segments will want to see such combination of technologies
Yurdakul- Wisair
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 81 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Contribution #14Richard Nowakowski
(312) 746-9257 [email protected]
City of ChicagoOffice of Emergency Management &
Communications R&D
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 82 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
Location TechnologyFire Fighter Mask acquires location using UWB Technology
UWB TechnologyUWB transmits X-Y-Z coordinates via Motorola XTS 5000 to MW 520
MW 520 send info via Radio Data Network
OEMC receives signal, queries Building database files and gets floor plan
OEMC transmits digital floor plan back to MW 520 via Data Radio Network
Motorola XTS 5000 receives image and sends it to Mask Display
Image received on mask display and location is identified on map overlay
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 83 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
SCBA Bottle VolumeRequirement
SCBA sends signal to Mask Display
indicating current bottle volume.
SCBA Bottle Display on Mask
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 84 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
As the Fire Fighter traverses the floor plan his Motorola XTS 5000 Digital radio transmits a digital pulse signal displaying digital bread crumbs on the display map.
Digital Routing
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 85 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
MW 520 sends query to OEMC databaseAcoustic Sensors capture Pulse,
Respirations, and Heart Rate and then transmits through the Motorola XTS
5000
OEMC responds, sending results to command van and Fire Fighters HUD
Acoustic Sensor ArrayBody Telemetry Monitors
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 86 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
Video Image Display
Routing
Floor Plans
Body Telemetry
SCBA Bottle Volume
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 87 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
OEMC receives signal, queries Building database and retrieves floor plan
OEMC transmits digital floor plan back to Motorola XTS 5000 and/or Hand Held Device
Police Officers UWB Enabled Portable/Hand Held Device
Location Technology
September 2003 doc.: IEEE 15-03-0537-00-004a
Slide 88 IEEE 802.15.4 Study Group ‘a’ LeadershipSubmission
Nowakowski- Chicago
Digital Routing
As the Police Officer traverses the floor plan his Motorola XTS 5000 Digital radio transmits a digital pulse signal displaying digital bread crumbs on the display map.