September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 1
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area NProject: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks etworks ((WPANsWPANs))
Submission Title: [Latest Japanese Spectrum Mask for UWB]Date Submitted: [September 22, 2005]Source: [Ryuji Kohno] Company [National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
(NICT), Yokohama National University(YNU)]Contact: Ryuji KohnoVoice:[+81 46 847 5108, E-Mail: [email protected]]Abstract: [A draft of spectrum mask for UWB in 3-10GHz has been announced in
Japanese regulator MIC on August 25, 2005. Although this mask is still a draft and should be revised to be approved in Japanese radio regulation, it is important for IEEE P802.15 standard to be compliant in a world as well as other nations’ masks.]
Purpose: [Suggestion to modify specifications such as a band plan, sequence, FEC, MAC and additional requirement for IEEEP802.15 in microwave band to be world-wide compliant.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 2
Latest Japanese Spectrum Mask for UWB
Ryuji KohnoNational Institute of Information and Communications Technolog
(NICT), Yokohama National University (YNU)
Liaison with Japanese Regulator (MIC)
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 3
Japanese UWB radio regulation Context
• Japanese regulator MIC established UWB Radio Systems Regulatory Committee , November 22, 2002.
• MIC reported intermediate draft spectral masks , February 2, 2004.
• MIC mandated MMAC Forum in ARIB to test interference to victim systems during March-August, 2005
• MIC reported latest draft spectral mask on August 25, 2005.
• MIC will submit the draft with possible revision to ITU-R TG1/8 during Oct.12-20, 2005
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 4
> Four working groups were set up to investigate compatibility between UWB and other radio communication systems in Nov. 2002:
WG1: Compatibility Model Working Group, WG2: Fixed-Broadcasting systems Working Group, WG3: Radar-Aviation and Maritime systems Working GroupWG4: Satellite-Low Power systems Working Group
> Comments were invited on the Draft Interim Report22 submissions received in the period 2 – 27 February 2004
UWB Radio Systems Regulatory Committeein MIC(MPHPT) Telecommunications Council
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 5
Basic principles of compatibility model in Japan(1) Radio spectrum is a finite resource. As such, radio spectrum usage
should adhere to international systems of rules and should be carefully designed to avoid future problems.
(2) As yet, UWB stations do not belong to any designated service and the UWB format is not based on the Radio Regulations (RR) allocations. As such, it is not considered in compliance with stipulations.
(3) The study of compatibility conditions is predicated on radio regulations (RR) Section 4.4 concerning interference.[Radio Regulations. Section 4.4] Administrations of the Member States shall not assign to a station any frequency in derogation of either the Table of Frequency Allocations in this Chapter or the other provisions of these Regulations, except on the express condition that such a station, when using such a frequency such a station, when using such a frequency assignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall nassignment, shall not cause harmful interference to, and shall not claim ot claim protection from harmful interference protection from harmful interference caused by, a station operating in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the Convention and these Regulations.
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 6
UWB Models and Spectral Mask in JapanDifferent types of UWB radio systems under consideration
Impulse Radio type
-80
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-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency [GHz]
Pow
er [
dBm
/MH
z]
Low-Band
High-Band
Full-Band
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency [GHz]
Pow
er [
dBm
/MH
z]
Low-Band
High-Band
Full-Band
f3432MHz
3960MHz
4488MHz
5016MHz
5808MHz
6336MHz
6864MHz
7392MHz
7920MHz
8448MHz
8976MHz
9504MHz
10032MHz
Band#1
Band#2
Band#3
Band#4
Band#5
Band#6
Band#7
Band#8
Band#9
Band#10
Band#11
Band#12
Band#13
GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture
f3432MHz
3960MHz
4488MHz
5016MHz
5808MHz
6336MHz
6864MHz
7392MHz
7920MHz
8448MHz
8976MHz
9504MHz
10032MHz
Band#1
Band#2
Band#3
Band#4
Band#5
Band#6
Band#7
Band#8
Band#9
Band#10
Band#11
Band#12
Band#13
GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C GROUP D1stgeneration Reserved ReservedFuture
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-Band
fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-Band
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50
GHz
dB
Low-Band High-
Band
fc=4.104GHz fc=8.208GHz
DS-UWB typeMB-OFDM type
3.1 10.6
Proposal 2 (dotted line)
FCCoutdoor
Part 15
Standards for Extreme Low Power Stations in Japan applied to portion of spectrum outside the range 3.1 – 10.6 GHz
< Proposal 2><Proposal 1>Draft Proposals for emission power spectral mask (Feb.2, 2004)
Based on FCC Outdoor specifications
3.1 10.61.9
0.96
1.61
FCCoutdoor
Proposal 1(dotted line)
Part 15
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 7
UWB Demonstration Experiments Task Force(Over 30 companies joined during March-August 2005)
Victim systems are categorized to 5 groups to test① Fixed Micro systems② Broadcasting (Analog FPU, Digital FPU)③ Satellite・Base station (GPS, Mobile BC, FSS)④ Cellular phones (1xEV-DO, PDC, WCDMA)⑤ Wireless Access (WLAN IEEE802.11a, 11j)
The common UWB interference signal sources are as follows.① MB-OFDM (made by Wisair , offered by Ti/Intel )② DS-UWB (made and offered by FSL)③ IR (PRF =1M& 10MHz) (made and offered by NICT)④ AWGN
UWB Interference Measurement Report ofUWB Interference Measurement Report ofMMAC Forum, JapanMMAC Forum, Japan
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 8
UWB Demonstration Experiments Task Force
IntelWillcomSpace Communication Corporation NEC TOSHIBA Space Systems, Ltd. NHK Science & Technical Research LaboratoriesNTTDoCoMoFM TokyoKDDIJSATNICTAdvanced Space Business CorporationSONYTDKTV AsahiTV TokyoTOKYO ELECTIRC POWER,TBS
Over 30 companies joinedJapan TINTV NTT NAB (The National Association of Broadcasters in Japan)JRCHitachi
Fujitsu Fuji TVFSLFuruno SystemsNippon Cultural BroadcastingMatsushitaMitsubishi Mobile BroadcastingYOKOGAWA Electric
UWB Interference Measurement Report ofUWB Interference Measurement Report ofMMAC Forum, JapanMMAC Forum, Japan
http://http://www.arib.or.jp/mmac/e/index.htmwww.arib.or.jp/mmac/e/index.htm
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 9
Spectral Allocation of Tested Victim Systems
Freq.
1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz 5GHzUWB BAND
IR without BPF
PDC/1xEV-DO800MHz Band
PDC
1.5GHz Band
WCDMA/1xEV-DO2GHz Band
A-FPU3.4GHz
D-FPU4GHz(*1)
Fixed Micro4430MHz
WLAN IEEE802.11a5.17GHz
GPS1.575GHz
WLAN IEEE802.11j4.92GHz
Mobile BC2.64GHz
FSS3.6-4.2GHz
① Fixed Micro systems② Broadcasting
③ Satellite・Base station
④ Cellular phones
⑤ Wireless Access
*1 )Digital FPU Operation frequency is7GHz. It is down converted to 4 GHz for the test.
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 10
Simplified Common Experiment Scheme~ Always Wired~
Victim Txsystems
Victim RxsystemsATT1
ATT2
PER or BER measurement
+
○
AWGN DS- UWB MB-OFDM IR (1M,10M)
1. ‘Minimum sensitivity’is measured by desired signal only
General test flow
2. Set desired signal to a certain level from‘Minimum sensitivity’, and3. Measure PER/BERby adding various level ofinterference signals
4. The output is C/N vs. BER (PER)
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 11
TEST TIME TABLE
April 19-20GPSNot open yet as of Sep. 7thJuly 11-12Mobile
Broadcasting
May 23-261xEV-DO
Not open yet as of Sep. 7thAugust 2-5FSS
Satellite・Base station
(Common testdone April 11th)
July 4-6PDC&WDCMA
Cellular phones
Not open yet as of Sep. 7thJune 7-911a, 11jWireless Access
July 19-20Digital FPUAnalog FPU
Broadcasting Done at August 25th.Therefore, the report is open to the public.
Mar.22-24Fixed MicroFixed Micro systems
Reported to Telecommunication council
Test Done atTested system
Group
March April May June July August September
Fixed MicroGPS
1xEV-DO(CDMA2000)Wireless Access
PDC& WCDMAMobile Broadcasting
BroadcastingFSS
2005
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 12
Fig. 1 Comparison between CEPT and FCC Mask
Spectral Mask of CEPT(1/2)
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 13
Spectral Mask of CEPT(2/2)
Fig. 2 Switzerland Proposed Mask to ITU-R TG1/8
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 14
Present Regulations for UWB in Singapore• Impose slightly less stringet emission limits to encourage
experimentation and innovation• UWB operation is permitted for demonstration or trial
purpose– FCC’s Limits applicable to demo use– IDA’s trial emission mask applicable to trialuse
Reference:http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/techdev/infopage.jsp?infopagecategory=18:techdev&versionid=4&infopageid=I2107
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 15
Japan
Indoor only
Maximum 1400MHz Maximum 3000MHz
Japan
Indoor only
Japan
Indoor only
Maximum 1400MHz Maximum 3000MHz
Draft Spectrum Mask in Japan (MIC)(August 25, 2005) still under consideration
Max bandwidth:1400MHz Max bandwidth:3000MHz
• -41.3dBm/MHz if detection and avoidance for interference are used
• -70.0dBm/MHz otherwise
only indoor
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 16
Last EU Regulatory News (Sept.15, 2005)
DRAFT for DECISSION , Still NOT FINAL
-65
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 17
Japan
Indoor only
Maximum 1400MHz Maximum 3000MHz
Japan
Indoor only
Japan
Indoor only
Maximum 1400MHz Maximum 3000MHzMax bandwidth:1400MHz Max bandwidth:3000MHz
only indoor
600049502700 9000
106001600
Europe(CEPT)
Draft Spectrum Mask in Europe (CEPT) (September 15, 2005) still under consideration
• -41.3dBm/MHz if detection and avoidance for interference are used
• -70.0dBm/MHz otherwise In the frequency band 4.2 to 4.8 GHz, UWB devices are permitted until 30 June 2010 with FCC mask.
Max bandwidth:2250MHz
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 18
Issues for IEEE802.15.4a Corresponding to These Spectral Masks
• Although IEEE802.15.4a is primarily US standard, it should be world-wide compliant for a world trade.
• Specification in TG4a has been mostly decided and should be finalized as soon as possible within this year or before next March for marketing.
• The regulators need to know feasibility of implementing 3a & 4a devices compliant to the masks including DAA (Detection and Avoidance of inerference to 4G etc) before finalizing the regulation for UWB by the same deadline as well.
• What shall we modify specification to make it world-wide compliant?
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 19
What shall we modify 4a’s specification to make it world-wide compliant?
Suggested minor modification in specification:
• Band plan: 3-5GHz with DAA, 6-10GHz without DA• Modulation: Sequence, PRF, Pulse Shape, FEC• MAC: Carrier and Energy Sensing for other radios• Ranging: interference from coexisting radios• CSS: compliance in 2.4GHz band• Extra Functions: DAA
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 20
Suggested minor modification in specification (2/3)
• Band plan: 3-5GHz with DAA, 6-10GHz without DAA– 6-10GHz should be involved as well as 3-5GHz.– Common subbands allocation for European and Japanese masks
as well as FCC’s one.• Modulation: Sequence, Pulse Shape, PRF, FEC
– To shape UWB signal spectrum for avoiding interference to victim radios, e.g. 4G, sequence and pulse shape can be designed to make notches in spectral shape. PRF should be also high enough for low interference.
– To protect UWB devices against interference from strong coexisting radios, e.g. 4G, FEC should be desined with enough error-correcting capability so as to match with error feasures like error burst statics. Super-orthogonal convolutional(SOC) codes with low encoding and decoding complexity and others are suggested.
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 21
Suggested minor modification in specification (3/3)
• MAC: carrier and energy sensing other radios as well– To achieve DAA adaptively, we need to sense a victim radio’s
signal like cognitive radio concept.– DAA needs modification MAC as well as PHY. CBP (Contention-
Base Protocol) requested by FCC could be introduced to 4a as well.
• Ranging: interference from coexisting radios– Investigate ranging performance degradation due to interference
from coexisting radios.– Make ranging more secure and robust against the interference.
• CSS: compliance in 2.4GHz band• Extra Functions: DAA
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 22
Feasible Implementation of DAA for IEEE802.15.4aAdaptive interference avoiding techniques by SSA
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
Adaptive spreading sequence
Adapative pulse shaping• Pulse shaping by high-speed DAC• Pulse shaping by combining an waveletRef. Modified pulse shapes based on SSA for interference mitigation and systems coexistence (update), Doc: IEEE 802.15-03-0457-00-003a
• Spectrum null codingRef. Alternative Spreading Code and Channel Code for IEEE802.15.4a, Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0462-01-004a
Adaptive band eliminating filter• Analog Implementation• Digital Implementation or hybrid
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 23
0.96 1.61
1.99
3.1 10.6GPS Band
Global harmonization and compliance utilizing optimized SSA-UWB pulse wavelets
Ref. Modified pulse shapes based on SSA for interference mitigationand systems coexistence (update), Doc: IEEE 802.15-03-0457-00-003a
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 24
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
SSA-UWB optimized pulse wavelet generation
Time (samples)
Rel
ativ
e am
plitu
de
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-0Spectrum characteristics of SSA-UWB optimal pulse wavelet
Frequency (samples)R
elat
ive
ampl
itude
(dB)
Optimized SSA-UWB pulse wavelet with adaptive spectral notches achieving coexistence, flexibility
and efficient power transmission
Ref. Modified pulse shapes based on SSA for interference mitigationand systems coexistence (update), Doc: IEEE 802.15-03-0457-00-003a
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 25
Matched spectral null coding
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0- 1
- 0 .5
0
0 .5
1c o d e 1
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0- 1
- 0 .5
0
0 .5
1c o d e 2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35-1
-0 .5
0
0 .5
1code 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35-1
-0 .5
0
0 .5
1code 2
Matched spectral null coding
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0- 1
- 0 .5
0
0 .5
1c o d e 1
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0- 1
- 0 .5
0
0 .5
1c o d e 2
Case 1
Case 2PBTSs(energy detection)
Case 0: [1 0 1 1 0 1] [1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0]
Case 1: 4 successive bits are encoded into 1 symbol.
Case 2: 6 successive bits are encoded into 1 symbol.
Ref. Alternative Spreading Code and Channel Code for IEEE802.15.4a,Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0462-01-004a
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 26
Spectra of Matched spectral null coded PBTS
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 110
-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
Normalized frequency
code 1
code 2
Null0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
Normalized frequency
code 1
code 2
Null Null
Case 1 Case 2
Ref. Alternative Spreading Code and Channel Code for IEEE802.15.4a,Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0462-01-004a
September 22, 2005 Doc: IEEE 802.15-05-0570-01-004a
Ryuji Kohno, NICT & YNUSlide 27
• Although a global single regulation for UWB may not be agreed soon, UWB business will soon start or has already started if regional regulation is not much different. Regionaland international consensus are important for a world trade.
• If DAA (detection and avoidance) of interference to coexisting systems is implemented with reasonable cost, then a lower band(3-5GHz) for UWB will be available. Otherwise, a higher band(7-10GHz) will be first applied. However, this is not the best solution but we need effort for a better solution.
• Manufactures developing both 4G and UWB systems should focus on reasonable solution to succeed both businesses while common carrier operators make better business model for integrated services of 4G and UWB.
• IEEEP802.15 can contribute a fewer spectral masks in a world.
Concluding RemarkConcluding Remark