Series and Parallel Circuits

Series circuit: Current is the same in all elements (voltages add)

Parallel circuit: Voltage is the same in all elements (Currents add)

US Electrical power

http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html

Look at the text, whichShows an interestingDistinction betweenUtility producers and Non-utility producersIn terms of this mix.(p 319)

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat4p1.html see for Information on actual energy consumed by fuel type.

US Electrical Power Generation

North American Power Plants

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission

Another interesting site: http://carma.org/ will give you more info on thesePlants (and indeed 50,0000 others worldwide!).

US Electrical power

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa.pdf#page=15

Possible topics for last 2 weeks(votes on first day of class)

• Global warming (class discussion).• Nuclear Power (fission/fusion) (24)• Hydrogen economy (Fuel Cells) 22)• Fuel Cells (11)• Unconventional Fossil (9)• Increasing efficiency; appliances, lights,

etc.• Electrical Grid

Faraday’s Law• “A coil of wire experiences an electro-

motive force that is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the loop.”

• Magnetic flux is the product of the magnetic field strength times the area it passes through projected onto the field direction (just like solar flux on a panel).

Aperp

B

Typical generating station

http://www.wvic.com/how-gen-works.htm

Web site also has a good schematic of a generator in action

Typical Steam generator

U. Cincy Cogeneration Plant

http://www.uc.edu/facmgmt/utility.asp

Annually produces:

245M kWh

Heat to 9Msq.ft of bldg space

Combined Cycle plants

http://www.cogeneration.net/Combined_Cycle_Cogeneration.htm

Combined cycle/Carbon sequestration plant

http://alt-e.blogspot.com/

Electrical distribution/transmission

Transmission/distribution lines

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/illustrated_glossary/transmission_lines.html

Some High Voltage transmissionlines are DC not AC (see right), but they look pretty much the same.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_North_America_blackout

2003 Blackout before andafter

Wind Turbines

http://www.afm.dtu.dk/wind/turbines/img0003.jpg

Wind Energy

http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/wres/euromap.htm An extensive site for WindInformation!!

Basics of a Wind Turbine

http://www.nrel.gov/wind/animation.html

http://www.gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/image_gallery/index.htm

Web site for movie on wind turbine construction

Altamont Pass (CA)

http://www.ilr.tu-berlin.de/WKA/windfarm/altcal.html 6000 turbines, built 1980’s

San Gorgonio Pass (CA)

http://www.ilr.tu-berlin.de/WKA/windfarm/sgpcal.html 3500 turbines, built 1980’s

ITAIPU (Brazil/Paraguay)

http://www.solar.coppe.ufrj.br/itaipu.html

Three Gorges Dam (China)

http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-59/iss-12/p38.html

ITAIPU (Brazil/Paraguay)

http://www.solar.coppe.ufrj.br/itaipu.html