Date post: | 15-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | smit-bhilare |
View: | 33 times |
Download: | 3 times |
0
A PROJECT ON
“SERVER VIRTUALIZATION WITH VMWARE”
BY
SUMIT S. BHILARE
Under the Guidance of
PROF. HIREN DAND
In Partial Fulfilment of
M.Sc. (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
DEGREE OF UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI,
JUNE – 2015
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PARLE TILAK VIDYALAYA ASSOCIATION’S
MULUND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE
(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)
NAAC ‘A’ GRADE
MULUND [W], 400080
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I the undersigned, have great pleasure in giving my sincere thanks to those who have contributed
their valuable time in helping us to achieve the success in our project work.
I would like to thank Dr. (Mrs.) Parvathi Venkatesh (Principle) for his continued support.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Prof (Mr.) Hiren Dand for his constant
encouragement, which made this project a success and valuable and timely guidance, co-
operation, encouragement and time spent for this project work.
I would like to thank our IT staff for providing us sufficient information, which helped us to
complete our project successfully.
And last but not the least, I wish to thank all my friends and well-wishers who are directly or
indirectly linked with the success of our project.
2
ABSTRACT
In fifth generation, VMware vSphere 5 builds on previous generations of VMware’s enterprise-
grade virtualization products. vSphere 5 extends fi ne-grained resource allocation controls to
more types of resources, enabling VMware administrators to have even greater control over how
resources are allocated to and used by virtual workloads.
With dynamic resource controls, high availability, unprecedented fault-tolerance features,
distributed resource management, and backup tools included as part of the suite, IT
administrators have all the tools they need to run an enterprise environment ranging from a few
servers up to thousands of servers.
Exploring VMware vSphere 5:
The VMware vSphere product suite is a comprehensive collection of products and features that
together provide a full array of enterprise virtualization functionality. The vSphere product suite
includes the following products and features:
VMware ESXi
VMware vCenter Server
VMware vSphere Client and vSphere Web Client
VMware vShield Zones
vSphere vMotion and Storage vMotion
Storage I/O Control and Network I/O Control
vSphere High Availability
vSphere Fault Tolerance
vSphere Storage APIs for Data Protection and VMware Data Recovery
3
Objectives:
The objectives of the system are:
To simplify the management of every virtual machine with underlying virtualized
hardware, peripheral devices and software.
Deliver virtualized infrastructure services and highly available applications and services.
Automated operations management responds to issues before service quality is impacted,
increasing utilization and IT productivity.
Capacity planning and optimization identifies idle and over-provisioned VMs so you can
optimize virtual machine density, balancing cost and risk through capacity modeling.
Move and scale workloads as needed by using a common management, orchestration,
security and compliance model across vSphere-based private and public clouds.
To virtualizes the hardware for a video adapter, a network adapter, and hard disk
adapters.
To move more than one virtual machine at a time from one server host to another.
Need new innovations in cloud technology as Linux-based vCenter server appliance has
the database its own, and the host/guest count has been increased to 100 hosts and 3000 virtual
machines.
4
INDEX
SR.NO TITLE PG.NO
1) INTRODUCTION 5
2) LITERATURE SURVEY 12
3) PROBLEM DEFINITION 16
4) REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SYSTEM DESIGN 20
5) PLANNING 27
6) IMPLEMENTATION 31
7) TESTING 41
8) ABOUT SYSTEM 44
9) FUTURE MODIFICATIONS 49
10) CONCLUSION & SCOPE 53
11) USER MANUAL 56
12) BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCE 87
5
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
6
INTRODUCTION
VMware vSphere and Virtualizing the IT Infrastructure –
VMware vSphere uses virtualization to transform datacenters into scalable, aggregated
computing infrastructures. A virtual infrastructure presents IT organizations with increased
flexibility in how they deliver their services. A virtual infrastructure also serves as the foundation
for cloud computing.
Cloud computing is an approach to computing that builds on virtualizations efficient pooling of
resources to create an on-demand, elastic, self-managing virtual infrastructure that can be
allocated dynamically as a service. Virtualization uncouples applications and information from
the complexity of the underlying hardware infrastructure.
Virtualization, in addition to being the underlying technology for cloud computing, enables
organizations of all sizes to make improvements in the areas of flexibility and cost containment.
For example, with server consolidation, one physical server takes on the work of many servers
by incorporating multiple servers as virtual machines. Also, ease of management and effective
resource use are products of virtualizing the datacenter. When you virtualize your datacenter,
management of the infrastructure becomes easier and you use your available infrastructure
resources more effectively. Virtualization enables you to create a dynamic and flexible
datacenter, and can reduce operating expenses through automation while also reducing planned
and unplanned downtime.
7
VMware vSphere –
VMware vSphere manages large collections of infrastructure, such as CPUs, storage, and
networking, as a seamless and dynamic operating environment, and also manages the complexity
of a datacenter.
The VMware vSphere software stack is composed of the virtualization, management, and
interface layers.
Relationships between the Component Layers of VMware vSphere
8
Virtualization Layer
The virtualization layer of VMware vSphere includes infrastructure services and application
services. Infrastructure services such as compute, storage, and network services abstract,
aggregate, and allocate hardware or infrastructure resources.
Application services are the set of services provided to ensure availability, security, and
scalability for applications. Examples include vSphere High Availability and Fault Tolerance.
Management Layer
VMware vCenter Server is the central point for configuring, provisioning, and managing
virtualized IT environments.
Interface Layer
Users can access the VMware vSphere datacenter through GUI clients such as the
vSphere Client or the vSphere Web Client. Additionally, users can access the datacenter through
client machines that use command-line interfaces and SDKs for automated management.
9
VMware vCenter Server:
VMware vCenter Server provides a centralized platform for managing your VMware vSphere
environments so you can automate and deliver a virtual infrastructure with confidence.
What VMware vCenter Server Does:
VMware vCenter Server provides centralized visibility, proactive management and extensibility
for VMware vSphere from a single console.
10
Simple Deployment
vCenter server appliance: Quickly deploy vCenter Server and manage vSphere using a
Linux-based virtual appliance.
Host profiles: Standardize and simplify how you configure and manage vSphere host
configurations. Capture the blueprint of a known, validated configuration—including
networking, storage and security settings—and deploy it to many hosts, simplifying setup. Host
profile policies can also monitor compliance.
Centralized Control and Visibility
vSphere web client: Manage the essential functions of vSphere from any browser
anywhere in the world.
vCenter single sign-on: Allow users to log in once and access all instances of vCenter
Server, without the need for further authentication.
Custom roles and permissions: Restrict access to the entire inventory of virtual
machines, resource pools and servers by assigning users to custom roles. Users with appropriate
privileges can create these custom roles, such as night-shift operator or backup administrator.
Inventory search: Explore the entire vCenter inventory—including virtual machines,
hosts, datastores and networks—from anywhere within vCenter.
Proactive Optimization
Resource management: Allocate processor and memory resources to virtual machines
running on the same physical servers. Establish minimum, maximum and proportional resource
shares for CPU, memory, disk and network bandwidth. Modify allocations while virtual
machines are running. Enable applications to dynamically acquire more resources to
accommodate peak performance.
11
Dynamic allocation of resources: Using vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
continuously monitor utilization across resource pools and intelligently allocate available
resources among virtual machines based on predefined rules that reflect business needs and
changing priorities. Achieve a self-managing, efficient IT environment with built-in load
balancing.
Energy-efficient resource optimization: Automatically monitor and respond to resource
and power consumption demands across a DRS cluster using vSphere Distributed Power
Management. When the cluster needs fewer resources, consolidate workloads and put hosts in
standby mode to reduce power usage. When resource requirements increase, automatically bring
powered-down hosts back online to meet necessary service levels.
Automatic restarts: Maintain higher availability with a failover solution for your virtual
machines using vSphere High Availability (HA).
Management
VMware vRealize Orchestrator: Automate more than 800 tasks using out-of-the-box
workflows or by assembling workflows with an easy drag-and-drop interface.
VMware vRealize Operations Standard (sold separately): Gain capacity optimization
plus deep operational insights and visibility to augment the performance and health of a vSphere
infrastructure.
12
Chapter 2
LITERATURE
SURVEY
13
LITERATURE SURVEY
VMware Virtualization
VMware virtualization solutions are built on VMware vSphere with Operations Management, the
leading virtualization and cloud management platform.
Reduce capital and operational costs by increasing energy efficiency and using less
hardware with server consolidation.
Enhance business continuity and disaster recovery capabilities for your virtualized
infrastructure.
Virtualize business critical applications and databases (Oracle Database, Microsoft SQL
Server, SAP HANA, SAP Sybase, SAP Business Suite, Microsoft Exchange, SharePoint and
SAP) for the highest SLAs and top performance.
Gain policy-based automation and ensure compliance and performance with a zero-touch
infrastructure using VMware vRealize Operations for virtualization management.
Learn why the Software-Defined Data Center is the best and most efficient cloud
infrastructure solution.
Server Virtualization
Abstracting the operating system and applications from the physical hardware gives you a more
cost-efficient, agile and simplified server environment. Using server virtualization, multiple
operating systems can run on a single physical server as virtual machines, each with access to the
underlying server's computing resources.
Most servers operate at less than 15 percent of capacity, leading to server sprawl and complexity.
Server virtualization addresses these inefficiencies. VMware vSphere offers a complete server
virtualization platform that delivers:
14
80 percent greater utilization of server resources
Up to 50 percent savings in capital and operating costs
10:1 or better server consolidation ratio
Server Virtualization benefits
Server virtualization helps in saving money in buying hardware as it partitions a server
into multiple virtual systems and uses the hardware of the host system.
Reduction in downtime and server stability is usually observed in the Virtualization
technology and so this ensures high availability of applications and also offers prompt disaster
recovery options for data continuity.
Since, virtualized servers work isolated from each other, they are gripped with utmost
security and so are used as sandboxes and honeypots. Facts - Sandbox is a created environment,
where testing experiments can be conducted, without affecting the real system. Honeypot -
Honeypot is like a trap, which detects or deflects unauthorized usage of the host system or its
virtual guest machines.
Server footprint gets reduced in a virtualized environment as number of servers gets
consolidated and this is also a cost saving factor.
Server Consolidation
Reduce IT Costs and Increase Control with Server Virtualization
Eliminate over-provisioning, increase server utilization and limit the environmental
impact of IT by consolidating your server hardware with VMware vSphere® with
Operations Management, VMware's virtualization platform.
15
Server consolidation lets your organization:
Reduce hardware and operating costs by as much as 50 percent and energy costs by as
much as 80 percent, saving more than $3,000 per year for each virtualized server workload.
Reduce the time it takes to provision new servers by as much as 70 percent.
Decrease downtime and improve reliability with business continuity and built-in disaster
recovery.
Deliver IT services on demand, independent of hardware, operating systems, applications
or infrastructure providers.
Reduce Server Costs with Desktop and Server Virtualization
By consolidating your server hardware with vSphere with Operations Management, your
organization can increase existing hardware utilization from as low as 5 percent to as much as 80
percent. You can also reduce energy consumption by decreasing the number of servers in your
data center. VMware server virtualization can reduce hardware requirements by a 15:1 ratio,
enabling you to lessen the environmental impact of your organization's IT without sacrificing
reliability.
Centralize Management of Your Virtual Data Center
Unlike vendors that only offer single-point solutions for server virtualization, VMware lets you
manage an entire virtual data center from a single point of control. With vSphere with Operations
Management, you can monitor health, manage resources, and plan for the data center growth all
from a unified dashboard.
Automate the Virtual Data Center
An automated virtual data center can simplify management while simultaneously delivering
performance, scalability and availability levels that are impossible with physical infrastructure.
The vSphere with Operations Management platform enables your organization to minimize
downtime, enable dynamic, policy-based allocation of IT resources and eliminate repetitive
configuration and maintenance tasks.
16
Chapter 3
PROBLEM
DEFINITION
17
PROBLEM DEFINITION: Challenges faced by Server Virtualization:
Till now, you have got an idea about the technology of server virtualization and its benefits. Now
let us discuss about the challenges faced by the IT world.
Performance and workload – When an underutilized server is compelled to increase its
utilization capacity, the need to manage the server performance in a better way arises. Some
applications need only less CPU utilization, while some need more CPU utilization, which can
also overpower the threshold limit of the server performance. The sudden increase of utilization
can cause serious troubles and can lead to downtime.
Operational processes and procedures – This is interlinked to the first challenge, where the
server utilization may require an organization to redefine internal processes in order to monitor
performance along with server diagnostics.
In the absence of system architecture and design – Before going for virtualization of server, it
is better, if the IT manager makes a little bit homework on storage capacity, network bandwidth,
hardware components selection and the amount of CPU usage. This makes things easy for the IT
manager as this effort to plan for virtualization will meet the expected success.
Storage allocation must be prioritized – Each application needs a specific storage space and if
the storage space is allotted more that the requirement, it will be surely underutilized. If the
storage allocation is not appropriate, then there is risk that the application can run out of storage
space and this will hinder its performance.
18
Security vulnerability – Having multiple operating systems on a single host system can make it
prone to security vulnerabilities, despite the existence of a robust firewall and a malware
protection. So, in an amplified virtual environment be sure to address security patching and
access control.
All virtual servers are not same – It is a wise conclusion that all virtual servers do not serve
with the same performance and proficiency. Therefore it is better to conduct a better depth,
before going for an in-dept comparative analysis. This will help in finding out the best virtual
server, as per the requirements which offer high level security and scalability.
Software License needs to be observed – It is a known fact, that most of the software vendors
do not consider virtual servers to be different from physical servers. So, for this reason, the
software licenses are made compulsory for each operating systems and applications that are
running on a host or a virtual system. Conversely, certain software vendors also warn the IT
managers, from using their software's on virtual environment. So, it is better to go through the
terms and agreement of the software vendor and then install it in virtual environment.
Applications running in virtual environment – It is a proven fact that some applications are
not compatible with virtual environments and so there will surely be a performance deplete in
them. So, by making sure that the applications are running appropriately in Virtualized
environment, one need to carefully watch them and go for an alternative if needed.
19
Hardware capabilities – Intensive capacity planning is required, in order to match the hardware
capabilities with the server environment. The planning must include providing RAM facilities,
physical hard disks, well capable network adapters and an efficient CPU. In order to go for
disaster recovery plan, it is better to invest on redundant hardware at the same time.
Security and disaster recovery issues – It is better to have a perfect backup plan in the
virtualized environment. In the case of hardware failure, or any kind of problem, virtual
machines must be restored with a different arrangement of virtual setup, in order to reduce
downtime.
20
Chapter 4
REQUIREMENT
ANALYSIS &
SYSTEM DESIGN
21
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS & SYSTEM DESIGN
System Requirements :
ESXi Hardware Requirements
Hardware and System Resources
To install and use ESXi 5.0, your hardware and system resources must meet the following
requirements:
ESXi 5.0 will install and run only on servers with 64-bit x86 CPUs.
ESXi 5.0 requires a host machine with at least two cores.
ESXi 5.0 supports only LAHF and SAHF CPU instructions.
ESXi supports a broad range of x64 multicore processors
ESXi requires a minimum of 2GB of physical RAM. VMware recommends 8GB of
RAM to take full advantage of ESXi features and run virtual machines in typical production
environments.
To support 64-bit virtual machines, support for hardware virtualization (Intel VT-x or
AMD RVI) must be enabled on x64 CPUs.
One or more Gigabit or 10GB Ethernet controllers.
Any combination of one or more of the following controllers:
Basic SCSI controllers. Adaptec Ultra-160 or Ultra-320, LSI Logic Fusion-MPT, or most
NCR/Symbios SCSI.
22
RAID controllers. Dell PERC (Adaptec RAID or LSI MegaRAID), HP Smart Array RAID, or
IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID controllers.
SCSI disk or a local, non-network, RAID LUN with unpartitioned space for the virtual
machines.
For Serial ATA (SATA), a disk connected through supported SAS controllers or
supported on-board SATA controllers. SATA disks will be considered remote, not local. These
disks will not be used as a scratch partition by default because they are seen as remote.
ESXi Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems
Hosts running virtual machines with 64-bit guest operating systems have the following hardware
requirements:
For AMD Opteron-based systems, the processors must be Opteron Rev E or later.
For Intel Xeon-based systems, the processors must include support for Intel
Virtualization Technology (VT). Many servers that include CPUs with VT support might have
VT disabled by default, so you must enable VT manually. If your CPUs support VT, but you do
not see this option in the BIOS, contact your vendor to request a BIOS version that lets you
enable VT support.
23
vCenter Server and vSphere Client Hardware Requirements
vCenter Server Hardware Requirements
vCenter Server
Hardware
Requirement
CPU
Two 64-bit CPUs or one 64-bit dual-core processor.
Processor
2.0GHz or faster Intel 64 or AMD 64 processor. The Itanium (IA64)
processor is not supported. Processor requirements might be higher if the
database runs on the same machine.
Memory
4GB RAM. Memory requirements might be higher if the database runs on the
same machine.
vCenter Server includes several Java services: VMware Virtual Center
Management Web services (Tomcat), Inventory Service, and Profile-Driven
Storage Service. When you install vCenter Server, you select the size of your
vCenter Server inventory to allocate memory for these services. The
inventory size determines the maximum JVM heap settings for the services.
You can adjust this setting after installation if the number of hosts in your
environment changes.
24
Disk storage
4GB. Disk requirements might be higher if the vCenter Server database runs
on the same machine. In vCenter Server 5.0, the default size for vCenter
Server logs is 450MB larger than in vCenter Server 4.x. Make sure the disk
space allotted to the log folder is sufficient for this increase.
Microsoft SQL
Server 2008 R2
Express disk
Up to 2GB free disk space to decompress the installation archive.
Approximately 1.5GB of these files are deleted after the installation is
complete.
Networking Gigabit connection recommended.
vCenter Server Software Requirements
Make sure that your operating system supports vCenter Server. vCenter Server requires a 64-bit
operating system, and the 64-bit system DSN is required for vCenter Server to connect to its
database.
vSphere Client and vSphere Web Client Software Requirements
Make sure that your operating system supports the vSphere Client.
The vSphere Client requires the Microsoft .NET 3.5 SP1 Framework. If it is not installed on your
system, the vSphere Client installer installs it. The .NET 3.5 SP1 installations might require
Internet connectivity to download more files.
The following browsers are supported for the vSphere Web Client:
■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and 8
■ Mozilla Firefox 3.6
The vSphere Web Client requires the Adobe Flash Player version 10.1.0 or later to be installed
with the appropriate plug-in for your browser.
25
SYSTEM DESIGN:
26
Use Case Diagram:
27
Chapter 5
PLANNING
28
PLANNING
The entire project spanned for duration of 8 months. In order to effectively
design and develop a cost -effective model the Waterfall model was practiced.
Fig. Waterfall Model
29
Requirement gathering and Analysis phase:
This phase started at the beginning of our project, we had formed
groups and modularized the project. Important points of
consideration were
1. Define and visualize all the objectives clearly.
2. Gather requirements and evaluate them.
3. Consider the technical requirements needed and then collect
technical specifications of various peripheral components
required.
4. Analyze future risks / problems.
5. Define strategies to avoid these risks else define alternate
solutions to these risks.
6. Check financial feasibility.
7. Define Gantt charts and assign time span for each phase.
a. By studying the project extensively we developed a Gantt
chart to track and schedule the project. Below is the Gantt
chart of our project.
30
Gantt chart :
30-Jul 18-Sep 07-Nov 27-Dec 15-Feb 06-Apr 26-May 15-Jul
Requirement Gathering
System Design
Implementation
Testing
Deployment
RequirementGathering
System Design Implementation Testing Deployment
Apr-14 To May-15 10-Apr 31-May
Feb-14 To Mar-14 28-Feb
Dec- 14 To Jan-15 31-Dec
Oct -14 To Nov -14 20-Nov
Completed Task Duration/Assigned Tasks
31
Chapter 6
IMPLEMENTATION
32
IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation details of project:
We have developed the details architecture of the VMware vCenter server 5.0 and
VMware vSphere client and its various components. First we have taken the VMware
workstation tool which is functionality of desktop virtualization. In that we have installed
two machines i.e. 1st is ESXi hypervisor host and 2nd is Windows Server 2008 R2
Standard/Datacenter Edition 64-bit.
In Windows Server 2008 R2 Operating System, we have installed VMware vCenter
Server 5.0 and VMware vSphere client for accessing ESXi hypervisor hosts which are
either client side or on same workstation environment for two or more hosts.
Physical Topology of vSphere Datacenter
A typical VMware vSphere datacenter consists of basic physical building blocks such as x86
virtualization servers, storage networks and arrays, IP networks, a management server, and
desktop clients.
The vSphere datacenter topology includes the following components.
Compute
servers
Industry standard x86 servers that run ESXi on the bare metal. ESXi software
provides resources for and runs the virtual machines. Each computing server is
referred to as a standalone host in the virtual environment. You can group a
number of similarly configured x86 servers with connections to the same network
and storage subsystems to provide an aggregate set of resources in the virtual
environment, called a cluster.
Storage
networks
Fibre Channel SAN arrays, iSCSI SAN arrays, and NAS arrays are widely used
storage technologies supported by VMware vSphere to meet different datacenter
33
and arrays storage needs. The storage arrays are connected to and shared between groups of
servers through storage area networks. This arrangement allows aggregation of
the storage resources and provides more flexibility in provisioning them to virtual
machines.
IP networks Each compute server can have multiple physical network adapters to provide high
bandwidth and reliable networking to the entire VMware vSphere datacenter.
vCenter
Server
vCenter Server provides a single point of control to the datacenter. It provides
essential datacenter services such as access control, performance monitoring, and
configuration. It unifies the resources from the individual computing servers to be
shared among virtual machines in the entire datacenter. It does this by managing
the assignment of virtual machines to the computing servers and the assignment
of resources to the virtual machines within a given computing server based on the
policies that the system administrator sets.
VMware vSphere Datacenter Physical Topology
34
The Components we have installed and used in our implementation of
system, they are as follow:
VMware ESXi 5.0 –
The vSphere hypervisor, known in many circles as "ESXi", for the name of the
underlying hypervisor architecture, is a bare-metal hypervisor that installs directly on top of your
physical server and partitions it into multiple virtual machines. Each virtual machine shares the
same physical resources as the other virtual machines and they can all run at the same time.
ESX runs on bare metal (without running an operating system) unlike other VMware
products. It includes its own kernel: A Linux kernel is started first, and is then used to load a
variety of specialized virtualization components, including ESX, which is otherwise known as
the vmkernel component. The Linux kernel is the primary virtual machine; it is invoked by the
service console. At normal run-time, the vmkernel is running on the bare computer, and the
Linux-based service console runs as the first virtual machine.
VMware vCenter Server and Host Management
vSphere Client
The vSphere Client is the principal interface for administering vCenter Server and ESXi.
The vSphere Client user interface is configured based on the server to which it is connected:
When the server is a vCenter Server system, the vSphere Client displays all the options
available to the vSphere environment, according to the licensing configuration and the
user permissions.
When the server is an ESXi host, the vSphere Client displays only the options appropriate
to single host management.
35
You perform many management tasks from the Inventory view, which consists of a single
window containing a menu bar, a navigation bar, a toolbar, a status bar, a panel section, and pop-
up menus.
Add Hosts
You can add hosts under a datacenter object, folder object, or cluster object. If a host
contains virtual machines, those virtual machines are added to the inventory together with the
host. Information about configuring hosts is located in the vSphere Networking, vSphere Storage,
vSphere Security, and vSphere Host Profiles documentation.
Create Clusters
A cluster is a group of hosts. When a host is added to a cluster, the host's resources become
part of the cluster's resources. The cluster manages the resources of all hosts within it. Clusters
enable the vSphere High Availability (HA) and vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS)
solutions.
Create Resource Pools
You can use resource pools to hierarchically partition available CPU and memory resources
of a standalone host or a cluster. Use resource pools to aggregate resources and set allocation
policies for multiple virtual machines, without the need to set resources on each virtual machine.
Create Datastores
A datastore is a logical container that holds virtual machine files and other files necessary for
virtual machine operations. Datastores can exist on different types of physical storage,
36
including local storage, iSCSI, Fibre Channel SAN, or NFS. A datastore can be VMFS-based
or NFS-based.
Migrating Virtual Machines:
Migration is the process of moving a virtual machine from one host or storage location to
another. Copying a virtual machine creates a new virtual machine. It is not a form of migration.
In vCenter Server, you have the following migration options:
Cold Migration
Moving a powered-off virtual machine to a new host. Optionally, you can
relocate configuration and disk files to new storage locations. You can use
cold migration to move virtual machines from one datacenter to another.
Migrating a
Suspended
Virtual Machine
Moving a suspended virtual machine to a new host. Optionally, you can
relocate configuration and disk files to new storage location. You can
migrate suspended virtual machines from one datacenter to another.
Migration with
vMotion
Moving a powered-on virtual machine to a new host. Migration with
vMotion allows you to move a virtual machine to a new host without any
interruption in the availability of the virtual machine. You cannot use
vMotion to move virtual machines from one datacenter to another.
Migration with
Storage vMotion
Moving the virtual disks or configuration file of a powered-on virtual
machine to a new datastore. Migration with Storage vMotion allows you to
move a virtual machine’s storage without any interruption in the availability
of the virtual machine.
37
Working with Templates and Clones in the vSphere Client:
A clone is a copy of a virtual machine. A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that can
be used to create many clones.
When you clone a virtual machine, you create a copy of the entire virtual machine, including its
settings; any configured virtual devices, installed software, and other contents of the virtual
machine's disks.
Cloning a virtual machine can save time if you are deploying many similar virtual machines.
You can create, configure, and install software on a single virtual machine, and then clone it
multiple times, rather than creating and configuring each virtual machine individually.
If you create a virtual machine that you want to clone frequently, make that virtual machine a
template. A template is a master copy of a virtual machine that can be used to create and
provision virtual machines. Templates cannot be powered on or edited, and are more difficult to
alter than ordinary virtual machine. A template offers a more secure way of preserving a virtual
machine configuration that you want to deploy many times.
VMware Data Recovery 2.0:
VMware Data Recovery creates backups of virtual machines without interrupting their use or the
data and services they provide. Data Recovery manages existing backups, removes backups as
they become older, and supports deduplication to remove redundant data.
38
VMware Data Recovery System Requirements
Data Recovery requires vCenter Server and the vSphere Client. Data Recovery does not
work with similar VMware products such as VirtualCenter Server. You can download the
vSphere Client from your vCenter Server.
Virtual machines to be backed up and the backup appliance must both be running on
ESX/ESXi 4 or later. To use all features, the ESX/ESXi host that runs the backup
appliance must be managed by vCenter Server.
When using Data Recovery with vCenter Servers running in linked mode, login to the
vCenter Server with which the Data Recovery appliance is associated.
StarWind Software:
StarWind Software, Inc. is a computer software company specializing in storage virtualization
and building iSCSI, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and ATA-over-Ethernet storage area
networks (SANs).
StarWind's IP SAN enables you to rapidly adapt to evolving networked storage needs. Using
iSCSI protocol, the StarWind SAN communicates between servers and clients to deliver shared
storage on your network without the need for expensive or proprietary SAN or NAS solutions.
StarWind Server iSCSI SAN can provide storage services to multiple devices on the network and
will allow you to manage storage centrally. This way you maintain compliance, security and
backup centrally from one location. Because stored data does not reside directly on any server's
DAS, the server itself will not be hit with a performance penalty since it no longer has to
dedicate compute cycles to storage services.
39
Setting up Networking with vSphere Standard Switches
vSphere standard switches handle network traffic at the host level in a vSphere environment.
Use the vSphere Client to add networking based on the categories that reflect the types of
network services.
■ Virtual machines
■ VMkernel
vSphere Standard Switches
You can create abstracted network devices called vSphere standard switches. A standard switch
can route traffic internally between virtual machines and link to external networks.
You can use standard switches to combine the bandwidth of multiple network adapters and
balance communications traffic among them. You can also configure a standard switch to handle
physical NIC failover.
Standard Port Groups
Port groups aggregate multiple ports under a common configuration and provide a stable anchor
point for virtual machines connecting to labeled networks.
Each port group is identified by a network label, which is unique to the current host. Network
labels are used to make virtual machine configuration portable across hosts. All port groups in a
datacenter that are physically connected to the same network.
A VLAN ID, which restricts port group traffic to a logical Ethernet segment within the physical
network, is optional. For a port group to reach port groups located on other VLANs, the VLAN
ID must be set to 4095.
40
VMkernel Networking Configuration
A VMkernel networking interface provides network connectivity for the host as well as handling
VMware vMotion, IP storage, and Fault Tolerance.
Moving a virtual machine from one host to another is called migration. Using vMotion, you can
migrate powered on virtual machines with no downtime. Your VMkernel networking stack must
be set up properly to accommodate vMotion.
Monitoring Events, Alarms, and Automated Actions:
vSphere includes a user-configurable events and alarms subsystem. This subsystem tracks events
happening throughout vSphere and stores the data in log files and the vCenter Server database.
This subsystem also enables you to specify the conditions under which alarms are triggered.
Alarms can change state from mild warnings to more serious alerts as system conditions change,
and can trigger automated alarm actions. This functionality is useful when you want to be
informed, or take immediate action, when certain events or conditions occur for a specific
inventory object, or group of objects.
vSphere Troubleshooting:
vSphere Troubleshooting describes troubleshooting issues and procedures for vCenter Server
implementations and related components.
41
Chapter 7
TESTING
42
TESTING
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and white box testing.
These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test engineer takes when
designing test cases.
Black box testing
Black box testing treats the software as a "black box"—without any knowledge of internal
implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary value
analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, traceability matrix, exploratory
testing and specification-based testing.
Specification-based testing:
Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable
requirements. Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the output from, the test object. This
level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can
simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the
same as the expected value specified in the test case.
Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard against certain risks.
Advantages and disadvantages:
The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is very
simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive," black box
testers find bugs where programmers do not. But, on the other hand, black box testing has been
said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't know
how the software being tested was actually constructed. As a result, there are situations when (1)
a tester
43
writes many test cases to check something that could have been tested by only one test case,
and/or (2) some parts of the back-end are not tested at all.
Therefore, black box testing has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and
the disadvantage of "blind exploring," on the other.
Integration testing
It is any type of software testing that seeks to verify the interfaces between components against a
software design. Software components may be integrated in an iterative way or all together ("big
bang"). Normally the former is considered a better practice since it allows interface issues to be
localized more quickly and fixed.
Acceptance testing
Acceptance testing can mean one of two things:
1. A smoke test is used as an acceptance test prior to introducing a new build to the main
testing process, i.e. before integration or regression.
2. Acceptance testing performed by the customer, often in their lab environment on their
own HW, is known as user acceptance testing (UAT).
44
Chapter 8
ABOUT SYSTEM
45
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages of Server Virtualization
Now days most of the companies are shifting towards server virtualization because of the various
advantages of server virtualization.
Reduce the number of servers: In server virtualization, one physical server is
consolidated multiple virtual server as a result there is a reduction in physical space
which is required for the server as well as reduces the number of servers and the cost to
maintain the servers.
Reduces IT cost: More the server more will be the IT cost, more servers means more
space as well more power to operate them and less the number of servers, so less
money is spent in maintaining the hardware.
More application can be run: Server virtualization has hardware independence
features to allow more application to run in a software unlike the dedicated physical
server, in server virtualisation each virtual server runs on its own operating system and
performs like a unique individual server therefore it allows more application to run in
the software without affecting any other application.
46
Continuity in business: Server virtualization enables the organization to do away with
legacy system i.e. when a hardware system becomes obsolete and it is difficult to shift
from one system to another which may lead to discontinuity in the business. With the
adoption of server virtualization will enable an organization to continue its business and
need not worry about hardware.
Disadvantages of Server Virtualization
With the various benefits of server virtualization one cannot ignore the limitation of the server
virtualisation. Virtualization is not a good option for the application that requires high processing
power because in virtualization the processing power is divided among the various multiple
servers as a result the server processing power will become slow and lots of time taken for the
work to complete.
Apart from limiting the speed of processing power, server virtualization also limits the amount of
storage space, in server virtualization one physical computer is divided into multiple servers
hence this affect the disk space
Although with the help of server virtualization the migration of the data seems to be easier by
migration we mean moving the server from one place to another now it is possible and easy to
move virtual server from one machine to another in a network but this is possible only when
both the machine comes from the same manufacturing processor for example if a network use a
server that runs on different processors it is not possible to shift the virtual server from one
physical machine to another.
47
Existing Applications:
Virtualizing Business Critical Applications
Most VMware customers have virtualized a significant portion of their datacenter. However,
virtualizing business-critical applications—databases, ERP systems, email servers, and industry-
specific solutions.
VMware vSphere 5 is the best platform to virtualize all your applications, including business-
critical applications. Starting with vSphere 4, and more recently using vSphere 5, customers are
virtualizing business-critical applications at an accelerated pace. Application infrastructure
administrators and CIOs see that the value of virtualization extends far beyond basic
consolidation, and that applications run better virtualized, with faster time to market and
improved Quality of Service (QoS). Business-critical applications like vMotion, Dynamic
Resource Schedule, Storage vMotion, Hot-add CPU, and Site Recovery Manager.
Software-Defined Data Center with Business Critical Application Virtualization
Virtualizing critical applications on vSphere improves their health and administration.
Applications where VMware Vsphere and its components are used:
Microsoft Exchange
Virtualize Exchange and exceed native performance while consolidating infrastructure by 5 to 10
times.
48
Oracle Databases and Applications
Virtualize Oracle databases and scale dynamically to ensure service levels.
SAP
Increase the availability of SAP applications, speed up provisioning using virtual machine clones
and dynamically rebalance applications.
Microsoft SharePoint
Deliver on-demand and self-serve capacity and resources while retaining security and improving
the robustness of your datacenter.
Microsoft SQL Server
Consolidate SQL Server databases and cut hardware and software costs by more than 50 percent.
Java Applications
Move your Enterprise Java applications to virtualized x86 platforms to better utilize resources
with easier lifecycle and scalability management.
49
Chapter 9
FUTURE
MODIFICATION
50
Future Modification:
VMware vSphere 6 introduces many new features and enhancements.
vSphere 6 ESXi and VM enhancements:
Cluster now supports up to 64 nodes and 8.000 VMs
VMs now support up to 128 vCPUs and 4 TB vRAM
Hosts now support up to:
480 pCPUs
12 TB RAM
datastores with 64 TB
1000 VMs
added guest OS support for FreeBSD10.0 and Asianux 4 SP3
expanded support for the latest x86 chip sets
Storage:
Virtual Volumes (VVol)
improved Storage IO Control
vSphere Fault Tolerance:
FT support for up to 4 vCPUs and 64 GB RAM
new, more scalable technology: fast check-pointing to keep primary and secondary in
sync
continuous availability – zero downtime, zero data loss for infrastructure failures
FT now supports Snapshots (Backup)
51
Storage Fault Tolerance:
primary and secondary VM has its own .vmx & .vmdk files
primary and secondary VM can be placed on different datastores!
vMotion Enhancements:
vMotion across vCenter Servers
vMotion across vSwitches
Long-distance vMotion – now support of local, metro and cross-continental
distances (up to 100+ms RTTs)
vCenter Server Appliance:
the configuration maximums of the vCenter Server Appliance will be
extended:
The embedded DB now supports up to 1.000 Hosts and 10.000 powered on VMs
(vSphere 5.5: 100 hosts/3000 VMs)
vSphere Web Client:
long awaited performance improvements are implemented
but nevertheless a Virtual Infrastructure Client 6.0 (C#) will be still available
52
Improved vSphere Replication:
Recover Point Objectives (RPOs) will remain at 15 minutes (was at 5 min in
early builds – maybe it will be higher in later releases)
support for up to 2000 VM replications per vCenter
VMware Virtual SAN (VSAN 6.0)
new On-Disk Format
Performance Snapshots – vsanSparse
usability improvements
supports Failure Domains (note: failure domains are NOT metro/streched clusters)
new disk serviceability feature
53
Chapter 10
CONCLUSION &
SCOPE
54
CONCLUSION & SCOPE
When VMware decided to open source its VMware Workstation and VMware Server products, it
paved the way for everybody to embrace virtualization technology. This is technology for the
people—not just for data center professionals.
It’s relatively easy to embed an image of Linux into VMware Workstation. Then this image of
Linux can be used to serve network users in the same way as a traditional Linux installation. The
difference is that the virtualized image runs inside Windows. VMware has other products that
avoid the need for a host operating system altogether.
VMware also has toolkits for programmers and system administrators alike. These toolkits take
the form of programmatic APIs, Perl libraries, etc. This allows for software interaction with
VMware images; that is, a more flexible means of using virtual machines and operating system
images.
Virtualization allows solutions that are too big for a single device to use multiple devices as if
they were one. Virtualization allows special-purpose and rarely-accessed solutions to be
supported without dedicating systems to them. Virtualization allows computing resources and
entire networks to be reconfigured to meet the demands of the moment.
Virtualization patterns permit information technology assets to be managed and evaluated based
on the value they deliver to the organization. Effective virtualization strategies increase
organizational flexibility by focusing on delivering capabilities, rather than on installing and
managing hardware.
55
Scope:
This project has a large scope as it has the following features which help in making it easy to use,
develop and maintain in virtual infrastructure:
Virtualization software provides a completely virtualized set of hardware to the guest
operating system.
Server virtualization slashed CapEx and OpEx costs by more than more than 50%, while
expanding business agility.
The software-defined data center architecture extends abstraction, pooling and
automation to the rest of your data center resources, including compute, network and storage.
To virtualizes the hardware for a video adapter, a network adapter, and hard disk
adapters.
VMware virtual machines become highly portable between different platforms and
devices.
To migrate operational guest virtual machines between similar but separate hardware
hosts sharing the same storage.
Flexibility in size of virtual machines and individual machines as vCenter Server
appliance supports 100 hosts and 3000 virtual machines.
Virtual appliance reliable & easier to deploy and manage.
VMware provides unprecedented flexibility and choice of cloud services on a local basis
with vCloud Air and through the vCloud Air Network--the world's largest network of validated
cloud services based on VMware technology.
56
Chapter 11
USER MANUAL
57
USER MANUAL
Screenshots:
Configure & Add host to server using VMware vSphere Client:
58
Configure NTP Time Synchronization Setting:
59
Summary of Host:
60
Configure Shared Storage iSCSI HDD adding by StarWind Software:
61
62
63
Clusters:
64
65
66
Datastore Clusters:
Resource Pool:
67
Adding Network Components
[Virtual Network Adapter, vSwitch, DMZ Network, vMotion
VMKernel port group]:
68
DMZ network:
69
70
VMKernel Port Group:
71
72
Cloning (Convert to virtual Machines):
73
Cloning (Convert to template):
74
75
76
Migration of Virtual Machine (Datastore to Datastore):
77
78
VMware Data Recovery (Backup of Virtual Machine):
79
80
81
82
vSphere Troubleshooting:
83
vMotion Map:
84
Monitor vCenter and Administer Alarms:
85
86
Graphical Map Of vSphere Components:
87
Chapter 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY &
REFERENCE
88
BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCE
Bibliography:
VMware vSphere 5.x Datacenter Design Cookbook
Mastering VMware vSphere 5
vSphere 5 ESXi Operations Guide
StarWind Virtual SAN Guide
VMware reference architecture creating software defined data center.pdf
VMware-Virtualizing-Business-Critical-Apps-on-VMware_en-wp.pdf
VMware 5.0 Documentation Center
References:
www.vmware.com
en.wikipedia.org
https://pubs.vmware.com/