Vision Statement To be a market leader providing quality footwear and allied products. To strive for excellence and global recognition by continuous improvement, innovation, dedication and growth. Mission Statement To be a result oriented and profitable Company by consistently improving market share, quality, diversity, availability, presentation, reliability and customer acceptance. To emerge as a growth oriented concern ensuring optimum return and value addition to its shareholders. To ensure cost consciousness in decision-making and operations without compromising the commitment to quality. To create an efficient resource management and conducive business environment. Evolving an effective leadership by 1
Transcript
Vision Statement
To be a market leader providing quality footwear and allied products. To strive
for excellence and global recognition by continuous improvement, innovation,
dedication and growth.
Mission Statement
To be a result oriented and profitable Company by consistently
Net cash from/ (used in) operating activities 66,068 (17,460)
CASH FLOW FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property, plant & equipment (109,334) (37,378)Proceeds from sale of property, plant & equipment 5,533 2,081Security deposits (5077) 2,735Sale proceeds from sale of shares 66 --
Net cash (used in) investing activities (108,812) (32,562)
CASH FLOW FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Increase in long term deposits 300 ---Lease rentals paid (28,983) (21,197)Increase in short term borrowings 49,024 2,752Increase in long term loans 40,000 82,500Dividend paid (17,851) (11,945)
Net cash from financing activities 42,490 52,110
Net increase/ (decrease) in cash & cash equivalent (254) 2,088
Cash & cash equivalent at the beginning of the year 5,011 2,923
Cash & cash equivalents at the end of the year 4,757 5,011
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ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
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CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Director(Safety Products)
Director(Export & Administration)
ManagerRag Department
ManagerMarketing Department
Manager Finance/Accounts Department
ManagerImport Department
ManagerHRM Department
ManagerEstablishment Department
ManagerExport Department
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Organizational structure is more than boxes on the chart. It is a pattern of interaction
and coordination that links. Technology and human components work together to
ensure that organization accomplishes its purpose.
Some characteristics of ideal organizational structure called Bureaucracy by Max
Weber is found in the organizational structure of the SIL as follows:
Position arranged in a hierarchy
Each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. This
bureaucratic principle helps the management of SIL to control over every
member in the structure.
A system of abstract rules
A continuous organization of official functions should be bound by rules. This
bureaucratic principle helps the management of SIL to ensure uniformity and
coordination of effort.
In this age of complex, highly conflicting relationships, advanced technology and
empowered employees; Max Weber bureaucratic model is only the historical starting
point, not the end, of the organizational analysis.
VERTICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Vertical analysis concentrates on centralization versus decentralization and on flat
versus span of control structuring.
Centralization versus Decentralization
The SIL centralization and decentralization can be discussed under three heads.
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1) Geographical
Geographical centralization means that the organization has all its operations
under one roof. Geographical decentralization means the dispersion of
organization operations through the country. SIL has its operating office in
Lahore and Karachi, which show that it is geographically decentralized.
2) Functional
An organization has separate department that performs such as selection or
training for others is called centralized organization and if the various
functional departments (for example; marketing, production and finance)
handle their own human resources functions then it is considered
decentralized organization. In SIL, functional level is centralized.
3) Delegation
Centralization and decentralization commonly refers to delegation of decision
making command. Within the company, there is centralization to a greater
exent.
Flat versus Span of control
In SIL, the structure of the organization is tall with a few members at each level. As a
result there is narrow span of control and supervisors have close control over their
subordinates.
HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Horizontal structural analysis is concerned with organizing one level of the hierarchy.
The concept of Departmentalized and of line and staff represent this approach.
Departmentalization
SIL has a functional departmentalized structure. The greatest single advantage of
functional departmentalization is that it incorporates the positive aspects of
specialization. It also leads to greatest efficiency and the most economical utilization
of employees.
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Line & Staff concept of organization
Persons at the management level are in line while others persons are in staff.
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY
Functional Level
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Chief Executive
Department Heads
Managers
Executives / Officers
Supervisors
Office Assistants
ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT
PLANNING
Planning and distribution department is the most important department of Service
Industries Limited. Planning and distribution department serves as a link between the
factories and market. The planning and distribution officer has to be well aware of
this diverse geographical layout especially the type of articles of footwear preferred
by the people of each region.
ORGANIZING
As planning is a crucial management function that charts major organizational
directions. Nevertheless, even the most carefully devised plan at the strategic,
tactical and operational levels mean little if an organization does not have effective
means for carrying them out. That is where organizing comes into play. In fulfilling
the organizing function, managers allocate and arrange resources in way that
enables plans to be achieved successfully. In the process, the organizing function
provides a valuable tool for fostering innovation and facilitating needed change.
LEADING
Promotion policies
The company also motivates its employees by promoting them to higher level
jobs after specific period. For example, an employee working as a helper is
promoted to the assistant supervisor after specific period.
Bonuses
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The company also motivates its employees by giving them bonuses. These
bonuses depend on yearly profits of the company. Usually they give the
bonuses once a year according to the wages and the salaries of the workers.
Competitors
When Service Industries was started, market was monopolized by foreign
brands at the time. Now no doubt Service Industries is captured 15% of the
total market share at Pakistani demand.
Linkage with banking system
The company has to import the raw material from foreign countries. For this
purpose they need the letters of credit from different banks. So, they have
strong linkage with banks.
Economical environment
The economic environment of Pakistan is not good. Their purchasing power is
going to low & low day by day so Service Industries are trying his best to
capture maximum share in the market by providing comparatively cheap & by
giving a lot of attentions on the advertisement.
CONTROLLINGQuality Improvement Circles
The basic goal of the company is to provide a quality at new product to their
customers. To satisfy their objective, they check the quality at every process. They
have a specific unit for checking the quality of product and finally, they check the
quality of the products in quality control laboratory.
Quality In Product
Product quality and reliability are the hallmarks of all Service Industries
products manufactured and marked by Service Industries. Understanding
specific customer needs and satisfying these with good value products, the
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company has earned the reputation of a professional enterprises engaged in
he manufacturing of quality products.
Quality In People
From the chief executive to the shop floor all personal working in Service
Industries are dedicated professionals, experts in their field and fully
committed to the goals of quality and service of the company. Their
engineering and supervisory staff include gradate engineers and polytechnic
qualified operators at all levels of productions and quality control. All the sales
stag is qualified and trained for specific tasks. A number of engineers and sale
executive have experience in foreign markets and freely share their expertise
and knowledge with their less fortunate challenges.
Quality In Service And Commitment To The Customers
Keeping in mind their over-riding commitment to all customer Service
Industries pays particular attention to the quality of after sales support to
dealers and service to their customers. A comprehensive network of over-500
authorized Service Industries retail price shops, dealers, cut price shops,
agencies etc, is fully geared to meet all customers needs.
ISO 9002 Certification
To meet the challenges and opportunities in the international textile trade and
out compete with company’s major competitors, Dar Es Salaam Textile Mills
Ltd. (DTM) is striking for excellence by adopting the best quality management
practices to maintain consistent quality for its customers.
Company made significant innovations for value addition and are continuously
striving for improvement. Consequent to company commitment to Total
Quality Management, new systems are being effectively implemented, and
weaknesses are highlighted during regular assessments to eradicate system
inefficiencies.
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DTM’s Management Systems are ISO 9002 Certified, the most efficacious
international AOQC Moody certified it, recently Lloyds Register of Quality Assurance
(LRQA) has approved the company for the manufacture of 100% Cotton Yarn to the
following Quality Management System Standards:-
ISO 9002: 1994
EN ISO 9002: 1994
BS EN ISO 9002: 1994
PS: ISO 9002: 1994
In regards to defining the policy on quality, the top management of Service Industries
has clearly defined:
QUALITY POLICY
1. To meet or exceed customers requirements regarding quality of the product
consistently.
2. Deliver the products to the customers on time in all circumstances.
3. To provide the best quality products available in its class.
4. To incorporate emerging technological advances and improved process
controls to remain at the forefront of quality.
5. To ensure complete familiarity of each employee of the above policy and a
categorical recognition of their role in achieving these objectives.
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WHO IS REPORTING TO WHOM
MANAGER
Reporting To:
o Managing Director/ Chief Executive
MANAGER FINANCE/ACCOUNTS
Reporting To:
o Chief Executive
Reporting Staff:
o Deputy Manager Account
o Assistant Manager Finance
Major Functions:
o Handle all accounts and finance matters of Service Industries.
o Discuss important matters related to Accounts Department with M.D.
o Deal with the leasing companies for lease arrangements.
o Handling tax matters with tax consultants.
o Export refinances matters handling including submission of various
documents to the bank.
o Preparation of daily bank report of Quota & Rebate account.
o Deal with bank and check daily bank report.
o Approval of all vouchers.
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DEPARTMENTS
An organization is a set of people who strive together, move the organization in one
direction in order to reach the destination and finally achieve the objects and goals.
High profitability, high market share and high growth rate are those common
objectives every organization strives for. All this requires clear difference of
distinctive tasks and allocating these tasks to different groups of employees to be
performed separately.
For this purpose every organization establishes several set of employees for number
of activities allocated by the top management. These groups of employees are
nominated as departments. Every organization has several departments that are
assigned specific duties and tasks. These groups are not left without proper system
but hierarchy of employees is made.
SIL maintain an excellent array of different departments. These departments have
systematically arranged that facilitate the processes of achieving goals. Every
department performs its duties in collaboration with other departments, which results
in strong and viable management system. The employees of every department are
very well aware of his job responsibilities and the required performance.
The departments of SIL are as follows:-
Administration Department
HRM Department
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Accounts/ Finance Department
Marketing Department
ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
OBJECTIVES:
To work in association with other departments.
Ensure proper working atmosphere of office staff
Deal with office administration and security ( office layout, transport,
communication services, maintenance of office records)
Deal with property matters
Attend to court cases
Deal with rent and lease matters, litigation
FUNCTIONS:
This department has been assigned the tasks that seem to be very menial but retain
much importance. Operations of the department are discussed as follows:
Insurance
The stock of the company is insured as well as the company insures
employees. This department is also liable to pay the premium of insurance
regularly. This way safety measures are provided to employees and stock as
well. A part from stock and employees the fixed asset of the company like
furniture & fixture all are insured.
Renovation
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One major duty included in this department is related to renovation. All the
dealing of related to these matters comes under this department. Fixed assets
sold and their complaints every thing responsibility lies on the shoulders of the
department.
Law related policies
This department also deals with matters of government policies. The
department personnel handle all sorts of cases. They are also responsible for
conflicts resolving between employees, they have to be aware that no unions
should start working which disturb the working patterns of the company.
Check and Balances
One big responsibility on the shoulders of this department is that they have
proper check on employees so that company’s facilities are not misused.
They have to decide and then check that no one uses more rights than what
he has been granted. All bills (Fuel, Telephone, Electricity, Entertainment,
Renovation and other Expenses) are signed by the head of the department.
Unions
There are no unions in this organization. Reason behind this is that
employees are provided with friendly environment to work. Management takes
good care of its employees so no need for union arises. There is also no
union in all factories of service industries.
HRM DEPARTMENT
Objectives
To provide and maintain Human Resources of requisite competency
To meet business execution needs of the company
To ensure that HR policies are harmonized with the Business Objectives
To properly manage employees
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To resolve conflicts among employees and provide good working environment
Functions:
Operations of this department are discussed as follows:
Staffing
Staffing (includes recruiting, selecting, hiring and firing of employees) is
among the skills that become more important as the complexity and overall
level of performance organization increases. Staffing functions performed in
SIL
Forecasting HR needs within the company keeping the organizations
goals in view
Gathering employees information
Projecting availability and requirement of Human Resource
Both external and internal recruitment takes place in SIL by different methods
as follows
Methods
In-House Advertisement
Advertisements
Applicants Databank
Employee Referrals
Interviews
Selection Tests
Staffing success is having “right person” in “right position” rather than simply
filling a position. New employees are hired whenever there are vacant
positions.
Human Resource Information System
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When any employee is selected by top management then details regarding
his recruitment date, his personal information, his rank (executive or non-
executive) and even his termination are maintain by the department. In this
way it is acting upon as an information pool for management. It works as
controlling authority as it also maintains the attendance register. The
attendance is marked twice a day. Punch card machines are used for
attendance keeping. Attendance of every employee is stored in main
computer. This little work determines the actual salary of every employee.
Job Compensation And Rewards Management
Salary/Wages, Health Insurance, Group Life Insurance, Perk, Provident Fund,
Bonus, Leave Fare Assistant, Paid Leaves etc. all these lay in the field of
compensation and rewards management in SIL these rewards and job
compensation are given to employees for keeping their morale high. 30%
discount is given to its employees on Service all products.
Training And Development
Several changes were made in the organizational hierarchy; new positions
were created and mostly were filled up with existing employees, external
hiring is also taken in account for those positions where professionals were
missing. SIL usually provides a comprehensive orientation session to the
employees about company culture its functions, history of the organizations
and locations. However, his/her immediate supervisor provides orientation
about his/her specific job duties. Where required, SIL also sends its
employees to their factories located at Muridke and Gujrat for training
purposes.
Performance Management
Performance management includes job evaluation and descriptions.
Job Evaluation
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The major duty of HR department includes evaluating different jobs
according to their tasks, ranks, positions, salaries etc with respect to
their value and worth to the organization. Jo evaluation is used to
establish or maintain the credibility and acceptability of a grading
system. Job evaluation can be used as a basis for job matching and
external pay comparisons.
.
Job Descriptions
HR department is responsible for listing out the general tasks or
functions of every job. Typically, it also includes describing the position
and his immediate supervisor whom he has to report. Specifications
related to job such as the qualifications needed by the person and
deciding pay/salary range for that position.
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENTObjectives
To make financial transactions possible
To provide the picture of financial condition of the company
To record every necessary accounts
To recommend the essential modification regarding financial policies
To forecast the economic condition of the company under existing
circumstances
Functions
The main function of this department is that any financial transaction occurs is under
the supervision of this department. They have to deal with different banks,
companies for making transactions possible. Maintaining and recording every
financial transaction and the statistical data is in effect, a backbone of the company.
Every activity including marketing, production or managerial requires a certain
amount of financing without which nothing can be implemented and completed.
Hence this department, like other departments, performs equally important tasks and
assignments. There are some particular accounts, which are recorded and
maintained by this department.
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1. Personal Accounts
Each and every employee’s recruitment date, their designation, their period of
work and their job responsibilities are different from each other. So the salary,
allowances and other social facilities provided by the company vary on
account of this difference. Hence, this department in several categories is
taken care of with due attention. Accounts department is responsible for
recording and maintaining every individual’s information. Their data regarding
salaries, period on job, grade and categories of employees are totally
maintained by this department. Thus in other words this department works as
the information pool of the company. It provides the complete information to
top management about every individual and management uses this data for
making decisions regarding their promotion, change in salary or even
termination. The personal accounts not only include workers and employees
but the top management and directors of the company.
2. Recording Of Salaries
Salary is cost to the company and reward for the services of every employee
rendered to the company. Salary is the potent bond between company and
employee. Motivation, job satisfaction and extent of productivity heavily hinge
upon the monetary reward. A part from the salary itself, the timing of it
payment and regularity in this process also have a profound effect on the
reduction of undesirable behaviors of employees.
3. Loan Account
Company’s one of highly motivating facility is to provide the loan to the
company employees. This loan is advanced for different purposes. Some
loans are advance to provide a car to the employee and others may lend for
house construction or any other task. A part from these conditional loans,
unconditional loans are also advanced that vary from employee to employee.
Workers and non-executives are provided with lower amount of loans while
executives can enjoy higher amount of loans.
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The recording of the loans is also another very important work of the
department. Total data regarding the obtaining of current loan as well as past
loan is maintained. This allows the company to check those employees
applications that had already enjoyed the facility. It also helps organization to
keep safe itself from providing over amount to the employees.
4. Sales Maintaining Account
Along with employee related accounts, it also records some business
accounts like sales accounts. The total sale of the company, total cost of
current year, profit earned that year. This lays foundation for the decision
making about all the business units.
5. Financial Charges
Every company does some of its operations by receiving loans form the
financial institutions. These institutions may be banks; leasing companies or
other companies like insurance etc. These firms provide services to the
organization in requital of some monetary pay off. This pay off may be termed
as interest, premium etc. financial charges encompass all these expenditures.
Taking loan is very technical work. The utilization of make it sure that loan
must be expended on productive activities. All financial charges of SIL are
recorded in this department. The interest payable to banks, leasing and other
charges like insurance premiums are maintained under the account
department.
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
The goal of advertising is better approached by setting some specific objectives. Of
course, specific objectives will be determined by the company’s overall marketing
strategies – especially the strategies related to the firm’s promotional programmed.
Some general objects of the company which are considered seriously while
allocating the resources towards advertising are as:
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Objectives
To create an image of the product among consumers
To boost up and enhance the sales through persuasion process
To maximize the profit
To meet the competition effectively
To increase the market share
To attract more and more customers
Functions
Sales head retail
Sales head retail is responsible for developing and running the country’s
operations where they are making good profits. Sales head retail is
empowered enough to take its decisions independently, to large extent. Sales
head retail can make decisions to what kink of target market they are going to
tap, what kink of business is the organization going to capture, as how to run
the operation smoothly and accurately.
Product development
The responsibility of this department includes developing full range of
products. This is done through keen observation of the market, competitors,
future needs of customers and also an eye on international market. If the
product developers fail to produce products desired by the customers then
there is no chance for increase in sales however sales can go down. SIL has
divided year in two seasons.
o Winter
o Summer
The developers have to develop new ranges for coming season much early
so that production can takes place and shoes are available on retail shops on
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time. They have to focus in mind future trends and make product ranges
according to the future needs of people. They are acting as trend makers.
Range developers
It is very difficult to develop product range. Lots of efforts is required to
develop new articles. Developers should be well aware of the market which
articles are already present in the market, what are the demands of the
market, which articles were kick out from the market, fast moving brands etc.
they have to decide which thread should be used in that article, which sole
should be used, should shoe be narrow or wider in shape, will leather or
synthetic be used and other things related to manufacturing of the shoes.
Designers
Designers are people who actually design the shoe. Put in their efforts and
innovation in designing the shoe. Developers will tell them the idea about the
shoe and designers will actually design the shoe. Developer’s shapes the idea
of developers into real form. Design includes cutting, stitching, sole pasting
and other things related to shoe. The new design o he shoe must be
distinguished from those already present in the market therefore it needs
innovation.
Sourcing
Sourcing mean negotiating with parties on price. Source personnel decide
from which source they have to deal to generate maximum profit. Sourcing
personnel has to deal with parties on material used in manufacturing of the
particular article and also negotiating on cost coming on that article.
Negotiating on article is very crucial stage because if the cost of article SIL
pay is more than the competitor’s pay of same design articles, then the
product has very low probability to be successful. Suppose a shoe
manufactured by service cost them Rs. 450 and its retail price is Rs. 550. The
same design shoe locally made present in market at retail price about Rs.350
then definitely people will go to purchase that shoe rather than the Service
shoe. Therefore sourcing plays a critical role.
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ImportsIn SSC more emphasis in now given to imports as compared to last few
years. The reason behind this is that greater margin can be generated
through imports. Large pool of products is imported from China others were
from Vietnam, Thailand and Germany. China is the main source much of the
orders were placed with parties of China. Merchandising manager handles all
these imports, he meets with parties, see their product quality, tell them own
specifications and settle prices with them.
StrengthHighly Qualified Management
One of the most salient advantages SIL has its highly qualified, competent and
experienced management. All heads of departments are quipped with theoretical
knowledge along with vast part of experience of getting things done properly.
Excellent Managerial PoliciesA part form highly qualified management, policies and practices are very progressive
and growth-ridden. Every personnel form top to bottom are bound to abide the rules
and regulations lay down by the board of directors. Promotions, recognition of
employees and respect for every one is the strong pillars of organizational culture.
Loyal EmployeesThe company is enjoying another strong benefit that hardly few companies enjoy that
is employee’s loyalty. Every organization does it best to hinder the employees from
leaving the job. If turnover rate is high then it had negative impact upon profitability
and vise versa.
Self Motivated Work ForceSIL enjoys another excellent competitive advantage that it has got self motivated
workforce. People at SIL take on responsibility as their duty not as burden. They
embrace every assignment whole heartedly and strain every nerve to accomplish it.
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Brands StrengthThe brands of the service industries have a good strength. Their brands like Don
Carlos, Liza, Skooz, Toz, Calza and cheetah are competing with the other
competitor, which are included Bata Pakistan, Hush Puppies, Ihsan shoes etc. Due
to quality and reasonable price which is increasing the brand strength and customers
reliability on the service brands. Innovation in brands also strength
Production UnitsThey have two production units.
Service Shoes Industries Limited, Muridke.Most of local (Don Carlos, Liza all ranges, Skooz, Toz) and export articles are
produced in Muridke Unit
Service Shoes Industries Limited, Gujrat.Local articles like (Duke, Calza, Cheetah etc.) and many articles of exports
are produced at Gujrat Unit.
Cost DepartmentOnly few companies in the world has cost department and service is one of them
who has independent cost department. Cost department control over per unit cost
with all aspects such as material cost, labour cost, and rates control by bill
verification. Cost department never compromise on quality they bear their own
rejection but they did not deliver low quality shoe to the customer that is the cause of
their effective and efficient management.
Advanced TechnologyThey have advanced technology and computerized plants and machinery in
production process. The computerized machinery and plats using at Service in the
production process are not having any other organization, even, BATA Pakistan
have not such kind of machinery and technology. The computerized machinery and
plants has the approximately value of Rs. 10000000 each.
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Pu ProductsThe major production of service industry is in Pu sole. They import Pu material from
ICI chemical, France. Pu material is very lightweight sole. By wearing Pu sole we
feel bear footed. They are leader in market in Pu product. They also have introduced
the direct injection that reduces the cost of production.
Employees Education OpportunitiesService also provides education facilities to its staff. Higher education is encouraged
for valuable increase in his staff education that up the moral of the organization and
make better/positive changes within the organization. And lead to introduce new
techniques of production.
TanneryThey have their own tannery for meeting the urgent requirements of orders. If they
purchase all the leather from outsider parties then there will be a possibility to delay
in dispatch in leather order that can be reason of delay in order dispatch.
Weaknesses
AdvertisementNow a day electronic and print media play very important role in success of any
organization. Through media we can increase revenue for many times. As they are
popular through out the country they have not proper planning regarding to
advertisement. Like their big competitor Bata Pakistan they have not proper way to
advertisement on TV & Internet.
No Job RotationLeading companies pursues the strategy of job rotation in which one employee is
posted at different position after elapsing certain period of time. SIL does not follow
this strategy yet. The managers are appointed in particular department forever. In
case any employee abandons the job due to particular reason there becomes pause
in the department that creates some intensive problem
Little EmpowermentThe management of SIL is highly centralized and almost every decision is taken at
top management. Lack of authority is found to take independent decision by middle
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managers. Most of companies execute the policy of deregulation of authority that
plays an important role in satisfaction of consumers. In this direction because
motivation level of employees hinges greatly upon the autonomy of personnel.
Opportunities
E-Market Development
Service has the opportunities of establishing and exploring new market like Internet
market. Service has introduced the e- shops where customer can buys shoes & tyres
and tubes with out any botheration. It has given new dimension in sales of products
and also a way of introducing company and its products internationally.
Joint Venture
In today business to improve the efficiency of their product and to attain new
technology firms made joint venture with each other. It is also made for research and
to compete with the large firms. Keeping in view this service has made joint venture
with LEVIS and NIKE. This will open new window for service in international market
and in expanding business.
Changing Customer Preferences
This modern world is the world of continuous changes. Innovation in products is they
key element of businesses for their survival. Customers taste changing day by day.
To meet the requirement of customers and taste there is a need of continuous
introduction of variety. Services industry has the opportunity to grasp market by
bringing innovation in their design and services. Service captures a huge share of
local market by providing their products according to customer taste.
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Entering New Segments of Markets
SIL is considered as the shoes & tyres and tubes of motorcycles for some particular
and limited market. Pakistan is one of the most profitable market that consist of huge
number market segments. So, Service has a great opportunity to enter in the new
market segments. They should concentrate on entering new market segment of
ladies shoes and new coming motorcycle companies like Ghani motorcycles, Super
Asia motorcycles companies. Large revenue can be generated from this market
segment.
Threats
CompetitorsService is facing the threat in shape of new competitors in footwear market. The
competitors are both local and multinational companies. In local market Service
Industries is competing with local shoe manufacturer. In multinational competitors
Service has to compete with BATA the giant in shoe industry and other international
brands like HUSH PUPPIES. China and India are also the new threats in today’s
market for services.
Price War with Competitors
Today’s world is the world of competition and to compete with the competitors
companies rapidly changes their price strategy. Organizations set their prices
according to their competitors to survive in the market. In shoe market service have
the price war with BATA, and other local competitors. Now service also has price war
with china. In price war the firm who control their cost of production and provide their
products at cheap prices can one this war.
Rebate ReductionRebate is the subsidy which government provides to exporters to enhance exports. If
Rebate has reduced which increases cost of production due to which company has
to face tough competition. Since last two years government has reduces rebate from
12% to 5 %, which increase the cost of production. Due to which service industry
facing tough competition.
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Increase in TaxesThere are many types of taxes which service industry has to face imposed by
Government. There is high rate of taxes due to which it increases the expenses and
cost of production. Mainly taxes imposed by government are sales tax, income tax
etc.
Increase in Rate of Duties
Government has also increased the rate import and exports duties, which is also a
threat for service because it increases the rate of raw material and cost of
production. The rate of duties is 25% while rebate has reduced to 5%. There is high
freight cost.
Political Instability
Pakistan is a country that politically not stable. There is no stable government from
last 55 years. This has a great impact on industrialists and investors. Service
industry has threat due to political instability because in instable government there is
rapid change in laws, rules and regulations.
WTO Regime
WTO means world trade organization. It is an international organization responsible
for global rules governing trade among nations. It ensures trade free and smoothly. It
was established in 1995. Due to WTO regime service have to face many hardships
in shoe industry because it increase the number of competitors. And also reduce the
share in shoe market. The main threats due to WTO are china and India as they
provide their product at low price because of cheap labor.
Economic Threat
The service industries have to face economic threats. The first economic threat is the
high prices of electricity. There are no subsidies for the service. Another threat is the
rate of inflation, which causes the rise in prices of things. In recent years oil prices
have gone up due to which it has increased the transportation cost which increase
the cost of production.
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MARKETING STRATEGIES
The marketing mix is a strategic combination of four variables.
Product
Pricing
Placement
Promotion
Each of these ingredients is closely interrelated with the other variables in the mix.
The development of a successful marketing strategy depends upon the effective
combination of these four elements. As the ingredients are interrelated with each
other so the decision in one area is definitely going o affect the other. Thus the
management must select the combination of these, which will best be adapted to the
environment.
Service Industries is surrounded by the stiff competition thus, cannot be said
monopolists. A well-known name Bata is major competitor of Service. Both of these,
Bata and Service have to face the local cottage industry, which has a big market
share i.e., 80% of the total market. Service share is 9% while Bata has a share of
11% of the total local market.
In such circumstances the company’s main intention is to sell those products which
are accepted by the consumer due to their quality and price. Management of service
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industries has a keen eye in seeking different pricing strategies to compete in the
market. Thus, a mixture of different strategies is being made to serve the consumers.
Following are the major policies, which the management prefers.
Unit Pricing
Unit price means to sell the products on fixed price. In this case no bargaining
is made. Service has developed unit pricing system for its retail chain stores.
Odd Pricing
This is just a psychological approach; after following different techniques, the
company fix odd prices just to ensure the customers that they are not paying
full rupee. For example, instead of Rs. 126, Rs. 125.95 is printed on shoes.
However this policy is not in the favor of customers because most of them
never take back their balancing paisa.
Discount & Allowances
Discount and allowances result in a deduction from the base price. The
deduction may be in different types e.g. reduced price, free merchandise or
advertising allowances etc.
a) Quantity Discount
When the sales exceed a specific limit, the dealers and wholesales are
given some quantity discount. It is also a technique for sale promotion.
In this way clients are encouraged.
b) Cash Discount
A cash discount is a deduction granted to buyers for paying their bills
within a specific period of time. The discount is computed on the net
amount due. This type of discount is generally, given to dealers etc.
c) Trade Discount
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Trade discount, sometimes called functional discounts. These are
reductions from the list price offered to buyers in payment for marketing
functions that they will perform. Wholesalers are given 16% discount
(in case of an article of Rs. 200). On an article of more than Rs.200/-
18% discount is given. A class dealers are further given 7% and B
class dealers are given 6% discount.
d) Price Discount
Sometimes, general consumers are given price discount for limited
articles. As a matter of fact it is the company’s policy to get rid of old
designs and dead stock articles. But these discounts are offered
sometimes to encourage the sales. For this purpose service industries
arranges clearance sales when it feels necessary. Discount in those
clearance sales is offered from 10% to 30%.
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PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN DURING INTERNSHIP
BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMETN
First of all, Mr. Khalid told me about the procedure of bank reconciliation of service
industries. I have learnt to prepare bank reconciliation statement in first three weeks
of my internship in Service Industries Limited. Bank Reconciliation is a schedule
explaining any differences between the balance shown in the bank statement and
the balance shown in the depositor’s (SIL) accounting record. Cash is the most liquid
asset and most subject to theft and fraud. It is therefore essential to have a system
of accounting procedures and records that will maintain adequate control over cash.
Each month, accounts department of SIL prepares bank reconciliation to verify that
these independent sets of record are in arrangement.
STEPS IN PREPARING BANK RECONCILIATION
Individual deposits listed on the bank statement are compared with
unrecorded deposits appearing in the preceding period’s reconciliation and
with deposit receipt or other records of deposits. Deposits not recorded by the
bank are added to the bank balance.
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Paid checks are compared with outstanding checks appearing on the
preceding period’s reconciliation and with checks recorded. Checks issued
that have not been paid by the bank are outstanding and are deducted from
the bank balance.
Bank credit memorandums are compared to entries in the journal. For
example, a bank would a credit memorandum for a note receivable and
interest that it collected for a customer. Credit memorandums that have not
been recorded are added to the book balance.
Bank debit memorandums are compared to entries recording cash payments.
For example, a bank normally issues debit memorandums for service charges
and check printing charges. A bank also issues debit memorandums for not-
sufficient-funds checks. Debit memorandums that have not been recorded are
deducted from the book balance.
Errors discovered during the preceding steps are listed separately on the
reconciliation. For example, if the depositor has recorded an amount
incorrectly, the amount of the error should be added to or deducted from the
book balance.
To complete the process, all items that reconcile the book balance to the
adjusted amount of cash need to be journalized so they are posted to the
cash ledger account. This is necessary so the records are updated.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL RATIOS
Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm’s performance and financial situation.
Most ratios can be calculated from information provided by the financial statements.
Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm’s financials to
those of other firms. In some cases, ratio analysis can predict future bankruptcy.
Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The
following types of ratios frequently are used by me during the internship analysis:
o Liquidity ratioso Asset turnover ratios
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o Financial ratios
o Profitability ratios
o Dividend policy ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Liquidity ratios provide Information about a firm’s ability to meet its short-term
financial obligations. They are of particular interest to those extending short-term
credit to the firm. Two frequently used liquidity ratios are the current ratio and the
quick ratio.
Current assetsCurrent ratio = ---------------------------------
Current liabilities
1797531 = ----------------------- = 1.21 1482830
Current assets - inventoryQuick ratio = ------------------------------------------
o Short term investors prefer a high current ratio since it reduces their risk but the current ratio of Service Industries is very low which should be near about ‘2’. And it can be improve by the reducing their current liabilities and increase in most liquidate assets such as bank balance, cash in hand and marketable securities.
o Quick also include all the item of current ratios except inventory because inventory may include many items that are difficult to liquidate quickly and that have uncertain liquidation value. The quick ratio of Service Industries is also low because it should be equal to the current liabilities.
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Asset Turnover Ratio
Asset turnover ratio Indicate of how efficiently the firm utilizes its assets. Two commonly used asset turnover ratios are Receivables Turnover and Inventory Turnover
Accounts receivable x 365Receivable turnover in days = --------------------------------------------
Credit sales 785172 x 365 = ------------------------- = 84 days
3405185
Another major asset turnover ratio is inventory turnover. The inventory turnover often is reported as the inventory period, which is the number of day’s worth of inventory on hand, calculated as follows:
Inventory x 365Inventory turnover in days = --------------------------------
Cost of goods sold
778765 x 365 = ------------------------- = 97 days
2936875
Analysis
o Receivable turnover is an indicator of how quickly the firm collects its accounts relievable. The average collection period of Service Industries is 84 days which is much delayed time for the recovery of the dues. And there is need of reducing the collection days.
o Inventory turnover is days are 97 days which mean service industries near about purchase 4 times inventory in a year for running their operations.
Financial Leverage Ratios
Financial leverage ratios provide an indication of the long-term solvency of the firm. Unlike liquidity ratios that are concerned with short-term assets and liabilities, financial leverage ratios measure the extent to which the firm is using long term debt.
Debt-to-total asset ratio:
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Total debt Debt ratio = ---------------------- x 100
Total assets
1772250 = -------------------- x 100 = 76.14 %
2327481
Debt to equity ratio:
Total debt Debt – equity ratio = ----------------------------------
Shareholders equity
1772250 Debt – equity ratio = -------------------- x 100 =
555231
Interest coverage ratio:
Earning before interest and taxes Interest coverage ratio = ----------------------------------------------------
Interest expenses
190249 Interest coverage ratio = ------------------- = 1.64
116075
Analysiso Debt-to-total asset ratio highlights the relative importance of debt financing to
the firm by showing the percentage of the firm’s assets that is supported by debt financing.
Profitability ratios:
Profitability ratio offer several different measures of the success of the firm at generating profits.
Gross profit margin:Gross profit
Gross profit margin = ---------------------------- x 100 Sales
468310
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= -------------------- x 100 = 13.75 % 3405185
Return on assets:
Profit after tax Return on assets = ---------------------------- x 100
Total assets
52259 = --------------------- x 100 = 2.25 %
2327481
Return on equity:
Profit after tax Return on equity = ------------------------------------ x 100
Shareholder’s equity
52259 Return on equity = ------------------ x 100 = 9.4 %
555231
Earning per share:
Net profit after tax Earning per share = --------------------------------
No. of shares issued
52259 Earning per share = ------------------ = Rs. 4.34
12029
Dividend policy ratios:
Dividend policy ratios provide insight into the dividend policy of the firm and the prospects for future growth. Two commonly used ratios are the Dividend Yield and Payout Ratio.
