1
Service Provider Architectures
Enrico Mercadante
222
Introduction
• Focus For Today
– Brief Overview of the Market Segmentation andtypical Service Offerings by Service Providers
– Discussion focusing on Service Providerarchitectures and relative technologies
–Focus will be on Architectures that takeadvantage from the IP protocols suite
Questions are GREATLY encouraged
333
Technology and Services
• Technology-driven approachTechnology as driver for Services
Typically: One Network <--supports--> One Service
Example: PSTN, Basic Internet Access
• Service-centric approachServices as Driver, Technology as Enabler
Typically: One Network <--supports--> Many Services
Example: Integrated Access (Voice/Video/Data)
444
SPs have to sell Profitable Services
Increase ServiceRevenue
ProfitabilityCost
Revenue
Reduce Operations Cost• Increase revenue• Reduce cost of operations• Expand addressable market
t
$
555
TopBusiness
>500 empl.
Residential
Soho1 –5 empl.
Small Business6 - 50 empl.
Medium Business51 - 500 empl.
Res
iden
tial
Bus
ines
sAddressable Marketfor a SP in Italy
6.800
22.000
120.000
1,2 M
20 M
Service ProviderHorizontal Market Segmentation
Different-Requirements-Needs-Budgets
666
CustomerCustomersegmentssegments
ServicesServices
BusinessesBusinesses
ResidentialsResidentials
VoiceVoice VideoVideo
Different networks usedby...
Data /Data /InternetInternet
Network 2
Incumbents
Network 3
Network 1
Network 2
Cable TVs
Network 1
e.BISCOM’S OPERATION STRATEGY
CLECs
Network 1
Many Services, Different Customers,How many Networks?
New Broadband SP
Network 1
777
Basic Internet Access
Managed Network Access
Managed FirewallService
Voice overData
VPN
Profit PerLine
IncreasingService
DifferentiationVideo
Value Added ServicesEnable Revenue Generation
888
Services: Targeting the Customer
Retail
High-Tech Mfg.
Banking
ConsumerProducts
Media
Innovators EarlyAdopters
Healthcare
EnergyInsurance
Industrial Mfg.
Public Sector
Service Providers
Utilities
EarlyMajority
LateMajority
Laggards
Transport
ITSecurities
999
Bundling SP Offerings to MeetEnterprise Needsàà Vertical Segmentation
FinancialServices
FinancialFinancialServicesServices
Retail and Consumer
Retail and Retail and ConsumerConsumer
ManufacturingManufacturingManufacturing GovernementGovernementGovernement Media and Entertainment
Media and Media and EntertainmentEntertainment
SP Services
•Storage
•IP VPN
•IP Telephony
•Managed Hosting
•Content Delivery
•UnifiedCommunications
SP Services
•IP VPN
•HostedApplications
•IP Telephony
•Mobile Wireless
•Portals
•Content Delivery
•BroadbandAccess (stores)
•IP Core
•IP ContactCenter
SP Services
•Managed HostingServices
•HostedApplications
•IP VPN
•Content Delivery
•IP Telephony/Managed Voice
•Broadband Access
•UnifiedCommunications
•IP Contact Center
SP Services
•ManagedHostingServices
•Storage
•ContentDelivery
•HostedApplications
•IP VPN
•IP ContactCenter
SP Services
•Security
•Storage
•Content Delivery(streaming)
•Managed HostingServices
•IP VPN
•Mobile Wireless
•ATM
•Digital Encryption
•Digital AssetManagement
101010
Services
• When building Services the following tasks must betaken into account:
Pricing
Billing
Marketing (packaging, advertisement)
Service Level Agreement Monitoring
Fault Management
Service Provisioning
Technology
111111
Typical Services for Residential Customerson a IP capable infrastructure
• VoiceProvided Features:
Basic call and Supplementary Srvcs
Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)
Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9 ( 1 < MOS <5)
Billing: Flat or Time Based
Analogue phone compatibility
• DataProvided Features:
Data Access/ Public IP address @ committed speed (ex. 56kbps)
Reliability <<99%
Billing: Free, Flat or Volume Based
• VideoVCR or DVD quality
Reliability 99%
# of Channels / Films
Billing: Time Based or Per-Film
121212
MOS Rating of Digital Voice
Codec BitRate
MIPs Comp.Delay(ms)
FramingSize
MOS
G.711 PCM 64 .34 0.75 0.125 4.1
G.726 ADPCM 32 13 1 0.125 3.85
G.728 LD-CELP 16 33 3-5 0.625 3.61
G.729 CS-ACELP 8 20 10 10 3.92
G.729a CS-ACELP 8 10.5 10 10 3.9
G.723.1 MPMLQ 6.3 16 30 30 3.90
G.723.1 ACELP 5.3 16 30 30 3.8?
131313
Typical Services for BusinessCustomers
• Data ServiceProvided Features
VPN (intranet)
Remote Access to VPN
Internet Connectivity
Managed Security
Reliability 99%
Billing: Flat
• Voice ServiceProvided Features
Basic Call
Managed PBX
Private Numbering Plan
Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9
Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)
Billing: Flat or Time Based
141414
Example of Internet Connectivityparameters
IP Transfer Delay -L (ms)
IP Loss Ratio - P(%)
Reachability (%)
Average values 75 < L < 85 0 < P < 1,5 99 < R < 100
Optimum range L < 50 P < 2,5 R > 99
Ref. draft Rec. ITU-T Y.1540
151515
Virtual Private NetworksIntranet VPNIntranet VPN
• Intranet VPN
–Provides interconnections between the customer’s remotesites and corporate intranet/extranet typically using dedicatedconnections over a shared network
–Used by remote and branch offices to connect to headquarters
MainOffice
POP
POP
Internet/IP, FR, ATM
POP
Service Provider
Remote Office
Branch Office
161616
Virtual Private NetworksExtranet VPNExtranet VPN
• Extranet VPN
–Extends corporate intranet services to suppliers, customers,partners or communities of interest over a shared infrastructuretypically using dedicated connections over a shared network
–Architecturally comparable to Intranet VPN with additionaltraffic control, security and interoperability issues
MainOffice
POP
POP
Internet/IP, FR, ATM POP
Service Provider
Remote OfficeSupplier A
Supplier BCustomer
Branch Office
171717
Virtual Private NetworksAccess VPN
• Access VPN
–Provides remote access to corporate intranets/extranets usingthe shared infrastructure of the service provider(s) butpreserving the policies of a private network
–Used by telecommuters, mobile users or branch offices
POP
POP
CorporateIntranet
SecurityServer
Internet/IP, FR, ATM
Service Provider
181818
Platform Definitions
NAS,Voice Gateway
Layer 2 Switch
Label SwitchRouter
DSLAM
CustomerPremisesRouter
191919
Functional View of the SP Infrastructure
Customer PremisesCustomer Premises POPPOP CORENetwork(s)
CORENetwork(s)
AccessNetwork(s)
AccessNetwork(s)
CPECPE
CustomerNetwork
CustomerDevice
Network-1
Network-2
Network-1
Network-2
CustomerNetwork
ServicesAnd
Interconnection
ServicesAnd
Interconnection
Internet
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
202020
Residential Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceDial Access
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
PSTN
Intermedate
COCO
CO
POPPOP
Modem
InternetIP
Transport
Access NetworkAccess Network Core NetworkCore Network
e.g. POS
CO
InternetGatewaysInternet
Gateways
NAS
User Authentication/AuthorizationUser Authentication/Authorization
212121
Structure Of The Internet
• Traditional assumption that the Internet wasbased on a well ordered provider clienthierarchy.
Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP
Transit ISP Transit ISP
National ISP National ISP National ISP
Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP
222222
Structure Of The Internet
• The reality is not so ideal
Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP
Transit ISP Transit ISP
National ISP National ISP National ISP
Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP
• Unordered subset ofinterconnects
• Driven by businessrequirements underpinnedby performance
• Non-disclosure and bi-lateral agreements
• Peering is now considereda corporate asset & legalconcern
232323
Structure Of The Internet
Thanks to CAIDA http://www.caida.org
• Shows
• 626,773 IP addresses
• 1,007,723 IP links
• 48,302 ( 52%) of globallyroutable network prefixes
•25,126 peering links
• Reflects some level ofhierarchy
• Clearly shows lack oforder at the periphery
242424
Residential Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceDSL Access
CustomerPremises
CustomerPremises
AggregationNetwork
AggregationNetwork
AccessNetworkAccess
Network
CPECPE
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
POPPOP
xDSL ATM
CORENetworkCORE
Network
IP Transport
Internet
InternetGatewaysInternet
Gateways
DSLAM
e.g. POS
252525
Basic DSLServicesServices
Max. Data RateDown/Uplink (bps)
VDSL—Very High Bit Rate DSL
52M/12.0Mor 8M/8M
Copper PairsRequired
1
Analog VoiceSupport
Yes
Max. Reach(km-feet)
.9-10,000
DSL Service
ADSL—Asymmetric DSL(CAP, DMT)
Up to8M/0.8M
1 Yes 5.5–20,000
HDSL—High Bit RateDSL
1.5M–2.0M/1.5M–2.0M
2 No 4.6–15,000
SDSL/HDSL2—Symmetric DSL
Up to 1.5 Mbps/1.5 Mbps
1 No 6.9–22,000
IDSL—ISDN DSL 144K/144K 1 No 5.5–18,000
ISDN 128K/128K 1 No 5.5–18,000
262626
Provisioning Challenge
Central Office
Voice SwitchVoice Switch
DSLAMDSLAM
Multiple NMS, EMSSystems
Duration: 1–15 Day
Reseller—Manual Ordering Processing
Duration: 10–15 Days
Total 20–45 Working Days
CPE Config1–3 Truckrolls
Duration: 1–2 Weeks
Manual LoopQualification
Duration: 3–5 Days
MDF-DSLAMCross-Connect
Duration: 2–5 Days
MDF
MDF
272727
Residential/Business Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceEthernet to the Home Access
Customer Premises
Customer Premises
POPPOPAccessNetworkAccess
NetworkCPECPE
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
Gigabit Ethernet
CORENetworkCORE
Network
IP Transport Internet
InternetGatewaysInternet
Gateways
e.g. POS
CustomerNetwork
282828
In-Building Connectivity
Typical Residential Building
Edge IP Ring
Copper (UTP5) or Fiber Vertical cabling (Ethernet or FE)
Residential CPE
Layer 2 Switchin the basement
292929
Residential/Business Customers:Data (Internet Access) and Voice ServiceEthernet to the Home Access
Customer Premises
Customer Premises
POPPOPAccessNetworkAccess
NetworkCPECPE
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
V
V
V
Gigabit Ethernet
CORENetworkCORE
Network
IP TransportH.323 Gatekeepers
Internete.g. POS
CustomerNetwork
PSTN
V
Voice Gateway
303030
Packet-over-SONET/SDH (PoS)
• Point-to-Point Protocol, IETF RFC 1661
• PPP in HDLC- Like Framing, IETF RFC 1662
• PPP over SONET/SDH, IETF RFC 2615
Datagrams
Protocol encapsulation
Error Control
Link Initialization
PPP Packet Delineation
Byte Delineation
IPIP
PPP In ByteSynchronousHDLC Framing
PPP In ByteSynchronousHDLC Framing
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
313131
Business Customers:Data (VPN) ServiceATM/Frame Relay
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
CPECPE POPPOP CORECORE
Customer Network
Frame Relay or
ATM
ATM
CustomerPremises
CustomerPremises
Customer Network
AccessAccess
Could also beAn IP Core Network
Customer Network
323232
Virtual Private NetworksVPN Services/TechnologiesVPN Services/Technologies
Access VPNClient–Initiated
NAS–Initiated
Intranet /
Extranet VPNGRE, IPSec, MPLS
Service Architectures VPN-enablingTechnologies
L2TP, IPSec,PPTP
Network Overlays:•IP Tunnels•Virtual Circuits
Network-BasedPeering:
•MPLS-VPN
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Km
Mbit/s
Mbit/s
Mbit/s
Mbit/s
Cable ModemFrame Relay
ADSLPON
VDSL
1000 Mbit/s
Access Technologies- Distance
SDH Dedicated linesMbit/s 155Mbit/s 100
GE LXGE SX
∼∼
∼∼
Shared Wireless LANMbit/s
Mbit/s10BASE TX
100BASE TX
100BASE FL
100BASE SX
343434
Business Customers:Data (VPN) ServiceIP-VPN (MPLS-VPN)
CustomerPremises
CustomerPremises
POPPOP CORENetworkCORE
NetworkAccess
NetworkAccess
NetworkCPE
(CE router)CPE
(CE router)
IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR
MPLS CORE
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
Customer Network
Customer Network
Customer Network
PE routere.g. POS
353535
VPN-IP Address Format
VPN-ID IP Address/Mask Length
0.1.0.990.1.0.99 130.101.0.0/16130.101.0.0/16
General Format
VPN-IPv4 Example
• VPN-ID is a 64-bit customer identifier
Never carried on packets, only in Label tables
Two formats (Autonomous System No./ subfield) or(IP Address/ subfield)
• Each customer network can use
Registered IP addresses
Illegal, unregistered addresses
Private addresses (RFC 1918), e.g. 10.x.x.x
363636
Business Customers:Voice (PBX interconnection) ServiceInterconnection through Leased Line
Customer Premises
Customer Premises
AccessNetwork(s)
AccessNetwork(s)CPECPE
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
PBXPBX
PBXPBX
TDMMUX
TDM transport
TDMMUX
PSTN
373737
Business Customers:Voice (PBX interconnection) ServiceInterconnection through VoIP
AccessNetworkAccess
Network
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
Customer Premises
Customer Premises CPECPE
PBXPBX
PBXPBX
V
V
IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR
POPPOP CORENetworkCORE
Network
IP Transport
e.g. POS
383838
Business Customers:Voice; Data VPN; Internet AccessVoice VPN with Leased Line+Data VPN with FR
CPECPE POPPOP CORECORE
Customer Network
Frame Relay ATM
CustomerPremises
CustomerPremises
Customer Network
AccessNetworks
AccessNetworks
Customer Network
PBXPBX
PBXPBXTDMMUX
TDM transport
TDMMUX
TDM transport
Internet
393939
PSTN
Business Customers:Voice; Data VPN; Internet AccessIntegrated Access with MPLS-VPN and H.323 VoIP
POPPOP CORENetworkCORE
NetworkAccess
NetworkAccess
NetworkCPECPE
IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR
MPLS CORE +H.323 Gatekeepers
Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems
PE routerCustomer Network
CustomerPremises
CustomerPremises
Customer Network
Customer Network
PBXPBX
PBXPBX
V
V
Internet
V
Voice Gateway