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SERVICES

A service is an act or performance offered by one party to another. They areeconomic activities that create value and benefits for customers at specific times

and places as a result of bringing about a desired change in or on behalf of the

recipient of the service.

The term service is not limited to personal services like medical services, legal

services etc. According to the marketing experts and management thinkers the

concept of services is a wider one. The term services are defined in a number of

ways but not a single one is universally accepted. Following are the definition:

According to American Marketing Association, Services are the activities,

benefits or satisfactions which are offered for sale or are provide in connection

with the sale of goods.

TYPES OF SERVI ES

Producer services (Intermediate markets)

Financial services:

Banking, Insurance, Leasing

Professional and technical:

Technical licensing and sales, engineering design services,

architectural design, legal services, accounting.

Other Intermediate Services:

Computer, data processing, communication services, advertising.

Consumer Services (Final Markets to Private

Citizens):

Retailing

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Healthcare

Travel, recreation, entertainment

Education

Other personal services (restaurants, home repairs, laundry etc.)

PHYSICAL GOODS v/s SERVICES

Physical goods Services

Tangible Intangible

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Production and distribution are

separated from consumption

Production, distribution and

consumption are simultaneous

processes

A thing An activity or process

Core value produced in factory. Core value produced in the buyer-

seller interactions.

Customers do not participate in the

production process

Customers participate in production

Can be kept in stock Cannot be kept in stock

Transfer of ownership No transfer of ownership

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Innovation

"Innovation" can be defined just as "something new".

There are really no criteria of "how new" that something needs to

be. But yes, it needs to be an improvement over what it was before.

It is for this reason that, innovation can be defined in different ways

to different people.Innovation is the creation of better or more

effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that

are readily available to markets, governments, and society.

Innovation differs from invention in that

innovation refers to the use of better and, as

a result, novel idea or method, whereas

invention refers more directly to the creation

of the idea or method itself. Innovation

differs from improvement in that innovation

refers to the notion of doing something

different (Lat. innovare: "to change") ratherthan doing the same thing better.

Education

Use of tablet PC in Education

Tablets have become the vehicle for a new trend in education, where

students use handheld devices to interact with courseware. When the iconic

iPad was launched, most analysts were of the opinion that this device would

remain confined to the luxury segment, primarily because of its high price. But

now a wide range of cheaper models have become available. For instance,

there is Aakash.

Aakash has been promoted by the Government as a device that can bridge thedigital divide across the country. However, it was not a great sucess but it

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inspired many other players to come up with their low priced tablets. Now the

Government has launch its second version of the Aakash tablet, which boasts

better hardware features.

According to market reports, the country saw sales of about 475,000 units of

media tablets in the last calendar year. Report from research firm Frost &

Sullivan says the tablet PC user base in India has increased from 60,000 units

in 2010 to 300,000 in 2011. The report further says that overall TabletPC user

base is likely to grow at a CAGR of 107 per cent to reach 23.38 million by 2017.

Adoption of tablets in education is likely to grow at fast pace. In terms of

sales, the market size in India is expected to grow to 500,000 units by end of

this year. However, even with such high numbers, we will not be reachingeven the Five percent of the education space and that is why this is a huge

opportunity. Tablet market is set to keep growing at a rapid pace, informs

Abbhishek, CEO, Kloudpad.

Heavy bags, personalised learning, interactivity and reservation to the

classroom have always been a challenge in conventional classroom learning

environment, which is answered by tablet to a large extent. Still, lot more

innovations and improvements are required and these will be addressed byupgradation of tablets.

Computerisation started with heavy desktops in computer labs and then we

had the advent of laptops. Now there is a unified learning wherein desktops,

laptops, tablets and smartphones are playing their role in imparting education.

Tablet is usually a 7 to 10 inches form factor and it works on different mobile

operating Systems like iOs, Android, and Microsoft Windows. It is now well

accepted as platform for interactive and personalised learning.

The teacher can easily explain concepts using the digital whiteboard that is set

up in the Tablet PC. Using learning tablets the students can access what was

taught in the classroom and can also access the collaborative learning

platform for discussions on relevant topics taught in the classroom. Students

can have the benefits of studying from the best faculties from across the globe.

Technology in the classroom

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There are various types of technologies currently used in traditional

classrooms. Among these are:

Computer in the classroom:Having a computer in the classroom is an

asset to any teacher. With a computer in the classroom, teachers areable to demonstrate a new lesson, present new material, illustrate how

to use new programs, and show new websites.

Class website:An easy way to display your student's work is to create a

web page designed for your class. Once a web page is designed, teachers

can post homework assignments, student work, famous quotes, trivia

games, and so much more. In today's society, children know how to use

the computer and navigate their way through a website, so why not givethem one where they can be a published author. Just be careful as most

districts maintain strong policies to manage official websites for a

school or classroom. Also, most school districts provide teacher

webpages that can easily be viewed through the school district's

website.

Class blogs and wikis:There are a variety of Web 2.0 tools that are

currently being implemented in the classroom. Blogs allow for students

to maintain a running dialogue, such as a journal,thoughts, ideas, andassignments that also provide for student comment and reflection.

Wikis are more group focused to allow multiple members of the group

to edit a single document and create a truly collaborative and carefully

edited finished product.

Wireless classroom microphones:Noisy classrooms are a daily

occurrence, and with the help of microphones, students are able to hear

their teachers more clearly. Children learn better when they hear theteacher clearly. The benefit for teachers is that they no longer lose their

voices at the end of the day.

Mobile devices:Mobile devices such as clickers orsmartphone can be

used to enhance the experience in the classroom by providing the

possibility for professors to get feedback. See also MLearning.

Interactive Whiteboards:An interactive whiteboard that provides

touch control of computer applications. These enhance the experiencein the classroom by showing anything that can be on a computer screen.

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This not only aids in visual learning, but it is interactive so the students

can draw, write, or manipulate images on the interactive whiteboard.

Online media:Streamed video websites can be utilized to enhance a

classroom lesson (e.g. United Streaming, Teacher Tube, etc.)

Digital Games:The field of educational games and serious games has

been growing significantly over the last few years. The digital games are

being provided as tools for the classroom and have a lot of positive

feedback including higher motivation for students.

There are many other tools being

utilized depending on the local

school board and funds available.These may include: digital

cameras, video cameras,

interactive whiteboard tools,

document cameras, or LCD

projectors.

IT

Introduction

IT refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking,

hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these

technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the

computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobsinclude computer programming, network administration, computer

engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related

occupations. Since we live in the "information age," information technology

has become a part of our everyday lives. That means the term "IT," already

highly overused, is here to stay.

In the IT sector change seems to be the only constant.

Information technology can be said to include the following:

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A computer network with a software to communicate

All attachments/ peripherals connected to it

All audio-video tools and the labor to operate the

All expenses incurred on developing, operating and maintaining

the software

To better understand the idea of IT, consider a few examples:

Simple computer programs to store, access, and process data

Your very own PC and its software

The telephone and the radio buttons utilized in sonic data

communications

Network's sever programs used for electronic mails, database,

storage and other host services.

Information technology can thus be defined as that field of engineering

which is related with, transmission, storage and retrieval of information

through computers and telecommunications.

Smart consultants know well that no one knows the trades better than

those who stay in it daily, and, consequently, assume more of a key role in

assisting a firm unite its internal and market knowledge with the

expertness it has, to bring to the client. They strive to explore the milieu,culture, ethics and of course the politics of the setup, and determine the

tolerance standard of the organization for the anticipated change. This

demands transparency and that might be hard to attain, but indispensable

to success. In the absence of the such information as to where an

organization stands right now, and where it has come from, it is

improbable to pave the path for the future without being established as the

hackneyed, omniscient, pliant consultant ready to sort out everyone's

problems without having an iota of hint about the actual workings of the

hiring firm.

It is only after that one has done this homework, that one can discuss

"innovation" in a manner that isn't empty and self-evident; and that doesn't

mix the consultant's idea of innovation with that of the hiring firm. When

executives don't rightly understand this innovation process, they fail to

appreciate the manifold advantages a simple innovation can generate.

Being thus uncertain, they fail to recognize the returns on its investmentsin the new concepts.

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The world leaders of tomorrow will figure from among the companies that

today best manage the innovation process. Innovation can be a double-

edged sword; for the more the things change,

the more they remain the same...

Communication

All of us know that man is a social animal. He

cannot survive in isolation. As a member of the

society he is dependent on others. For most of the things he has to take

help from others. But the question is, how does one know what the otherwants? One has to convey his feelings, thoughts, ideas, requirements,

experiences, etc. to another in such a way that the latter understands those

correctly. The important media of convey his feelings, thoughts, and ideas

are communication. The same thing happens with business also. It provides

information to the customers, government, owners, employees, etc. and at

the same time receives information from them.

Communication may be defined as

A process of sharing facts, ideas, opinions, thoughts and information

through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more

persons.

Now a days mobile has become our

basic need of communication. So lets

have a look on how the service has

progressed so far.

4G

In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cell phone mobile

communications standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G)

standards. It is sometimes referred to as 'MAGIC' which stand for Mobile

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Multimedia Anytime Anywhere Global Mobility support integrated wireless

and customized wireless service. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-

broadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless

modems, to smart phones, and to other mobile devices. These 4G mobiles

gives 3D virtual reality in which people, places, products will be able to

interact as the cyber and real world are merged. It provides the ability to

feel as if we are present at an event even if we are not. It combines

applications and technologies like Wi-Fi and WiMax, so that highest

throughout and lowest cost wireless network is possible, providing high

quality, high security and any kind of services, anytime, anywhere to users.

What Are the Advantages of Using 4G?

Pure Data Network

The current 3G mobile network handle both voice and data separately. One

of the most significant changes to the 4G network is that is a data network,

transferring Internet Protocol (IP) data packets. A completely data based

network will allow for more bandwidth which means more data can be

passed through the network.

Speed

In October 2010, the ITU set the standard for 4G networks to have a peak

data download speed of 100 Megabits per second (Mbps) in mobile

applications such as mobile phones and roaming network devices and 1

Gigabit per second (Gbps) in local, fixed locations.

As of November 2010, no network technology can claim that it meets these

standards though all the networks currently marketed as 4G do surpass

current 3G speeds which tops out at 1 Mbps. The current WiMAX 802.16

standard, used mostly by Sprint and Clear Mobile, has a current top speed

of 3.0 Mbps while LTE has a theoretical maximum top speed of 12 Mbps.

Range

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Current 3G network technology range is approximately 10 miles under

optimum conditions. 4G candidate WiMAX currently has a range of up to 31

miles under optimum conditions.

Hand Off

Though current 3G networks do have the ability to transfer data, when a

user leaves a 3G coverage area for another, the data transfer may be halted

or stopped due compatibility issues. The improved 4G network standards

will eliminate this, allowing for smooth hand off from one coverage area to

another without interruption to any ongoing data transfers. This will result

in smooth streaming data for the user.

More Devices and Applications

4G network devices can take advantage of the higher bandwidth and

speeds to deliver more robust and data heavy applications. One of the most

anticipated uses of the 4G network is to be able to deliver high definition,

digital television to a handheld device. Other anticipated applications

include portable

online gaming,

improvedGPS and

telemedicine.

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Shipping

Shipping plays an important role in the transport

sector of India's economy. Approximately, 90

percent of the country's trade by volume (70 percent in terms of value) is moved by sea. India has

the largest merchant shipping fleet among the

developing countries and ranks 20th amongst

the countries with the largest cargo carrying fleet with 8.83 million GT as

on 01.06.2008 and the average of the fleet being 18 years.

Ports.India has 12 major and 187 minor and

intermediate ports along its more than 7500 km long

coastline. These ports serve the countrys growing

foreign trade in petroleum products, iron ore, and

coal, as well as the increasing movement of containers.

Inland water transportation remains largely

undeveloped despite India's 14,000 kilometers of

navigable rivers and canals.

Aviation.India has 125 airports, including 11

international airports. The Indian airports handled 96

million passengers and 1.5 million tonnes of cargo in

year 2006-2007, an increase of 31.4% for passengerand 10.6% for cargo traffic over previous year. The

dramatic increase in air traffic for both passengers and

cargo in recent years has placed a heavy strain on the

country's major airports.

Passenger traffic is projected to cross 100 million and cargo to cross 3.3

million tonnes by year 2010.

Mumbai Monorail

The Mumbai Monorail is amonorail system currently

under construction for the city ofMumbai,India.

Once completed, it will be worldssecond

longestmonorail corridor,the longest being

JapansOsaka Monorail corridor which is 23.8

km. The project is being implemented byMumbai

Metropolitan Region Development

Authority MMRDA, with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and

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a consortium of Malaysian infrastructure Scomi Engineering. It will be the

firstmonorail inIndia.Construction began in January 2009. Phase I of

monorail project will be commissioned in December 2012.

Transport infrastructure in India is better developed in the southern andsouthwestern parts of the country.

New Technology Serving Healthcare

There are many examples of how modern technology is used to serve the

healthcare, such as the advanced equipment used every day in the

examination and treatment processes.

In recent decades, information technology has provided significant

improvements for patients. The overall aim is to ensure that the right

information is available at the right place and the right time. Electronic medical

records which gather all the information about each patient are a good

example of this. Great strides have also been made in streamlining the flow of

information between all the parties involved: the various hospital departments

and wards, general practitioners, municipalities, and patients, etc. Every day,millions of messages are exchanged within the healthcare system through the

Internet based healthcare data grid.

Information searches in special databases with examination results, etc., are an

important tool in modern medical treatment.

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