SESHACHALAM BIOSPHERE RESERVE Review articleeptrienvis.nic.in/All s/Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve...

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SESHACHALAM BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Review article

Seshachalam hill ranges of the Eastern Ghats lies in 130 38‟ to 130 51‟

latitudes and 790 07‟ to 790 30‟ longitude occur in Chittoor and Cuddapah

districts of southern Andhra Pradesh, Peninsular India. The ranges were

formed during the Precambrian era (3.8 billion to 540 million years ago). The

hilly terrain is rugged and picturesque with gorges, steep slopes, plateaus and

valleys. This area is also famous for its beautiful waterfalls like Talakona,

Gundalakona and Gunjana. It comprises seven peaks, representing the seven

hoods of Adisesha, thus earning the name Seshachalam. The seven peaks are

called Seshadri, Neeladri, Garudadri, Anjanadri, Vrishabhadri, Narayanadri

and Venkatadri. The town of Tirupati is one of the most ancient and sacred

pilgrimage spots in India. The hill near the temple is called „Tirumala‟ or the

“sacred hill”. The temple here is said to be the busiest in the world, eclipsing

even Rome, Jerusalem and Mecca in the number of pilgrims visiting it.

The main objective of this review article is to give the information and

documentation on the floristic diversity in the study area of Seshachalam

biosphere reserve. The information was gathered from various articles /

publications of more than a decade on floristic diversity.

The paper highlights on the name of the taxa, family, vernacular name, habit,

phenology with reference no. is given in table-1. Some of the common, rare

and endemic pictures of the Seshachalam biosphere reserve is given in table-2.



SESACHALAM BIOSPHERE RESERVE

S.

No. Name of the Taxa Family Vernacular Name Habit Phenology

Ref.

No.

1 Clematis gouriana Roxb. ex

DC.

Ranunculaceae Gowri-Kuntala Climber Nov.-Mar. 1

2 Dillenia bracteata Wight Dilleniaceae Chiruteku,

Kallateku &

Sirateku

Evergreen

Tree

1

3 Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Peddakalinga,

Revadi chettu &

Uvva

Evergreen

Tree

May-July 1

4 Alphonsea sclerocarpa Thwaites

Annonaceae Puluru Mamidi Tree Aug.-Mar. 1

5 Polyalthia korinti (Dunal)

Thwaites

Annonaceae Elli Dabba Straglling

Tree

1

6 Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook.f.

& Thomson

Menispermaceae Climber Jan.-Apr. 1

7 Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Diels Menispermaceae Pedda Dusara Climbing

shrub

Feb.-Oct. 1

8 Cardamine africana L. Brassicaceae

(Cruciferae)

Herb Oct.-Dec. CSR

9 Cardamine hirsuta L. Brassicaceae

(Cruciferae)

Herb Oct.-Feb. CSR

10 Lepidium didymum L.

(=Coronopus didymus (L.)

Sm.)

Brassicaceae

(Cruciferae)

Herb 1

11 Capparis brevispina DC. Capparaceae Shrub Feb.-Aug. 1

12 Guidonia tomentosa (Roxb.)

Kurz (=Casearia tomentosa

Roxb.)

Flacourtiaceae Shrub Feb.-Aug. FEG

TP&D

MR

13 Flacourtia ramontchi L.Her. Flacourtiaceae Kanru, Pulivelaga,

Pulielka, Pulregu,

Putika Kada, Nelli,

Rartha Kandragu &

Nakko Neredo.

Tree Oct.-May TAP

TP&S

SR

14 Homalium ceylanicum (Gardner) Benth.

Flacourtiaceae Mantralamuki. Evergreen

Tree

Mar.-Aug. FEG

TP&D

MR



15 Homalium zeylanicum (Gard.) Benth.

Flacourtiaceae Tree Mar.-Apr. 1

16 Scolopia crenata Clos Flacourtiaceae Tree Apr.-July 1

17 Pittosporum napaulense (DC.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Pittosporaceae Tree May-Aug. 1

18 Polygala wightiana Wall. Polygalaceae Herb Aug.-Jan. 1

19 Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf.

Caryophyllaceae Herb Aug.-Jan. 1

20 Hypericum japonicum Thunb. Hypericaceae Herb Nov.-Mar. 1

21 Shorea roxburghii G.Don Dipterocarpaceae Jalary. Tree Jan.-Mar. 1

22 Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Thamba Jalory. Tree Apr.-July 1

23 Decaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn.

Malvaceae Shrub Dec.-May 1

24 Decaschistia cuddapahensis T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar

Malvaceae Shrub July-Mar. 1

25 Decaschistia rufa Craib Malvaceae Shrub 1

26 Hibiscus rostellatus Guill. &

Perr. (=Hibiscus furcatus

Willd.)

Malvaceae Konda gongura. Shrub Throughout FCTR

D

27 Hibiscus trionum L. Malvaceae Herb July-Jan. 1

28 Sida schimperiana Hochst. ex

A.Rich.

Malvaceae Shrub Nov.-Mar. 1

29 Pterospermum canescens Roxb.

Sterculiaceae Lolagu. Tree Throughout 1

30 Pterospermum suberifolium (L.) Willd.

Sterculiaceae Lolagu, Tada. Tree Jun.-Apr. FEG

TP&D

MR

31 Sterculia populnifolia Roxb. Sterculiaceae Tree 1

32 Grewia laevigata Vahl Tiliaceae Shrub Aug.-Nov. 1

33 Tribulus subramanyamii P.

Singh, G.S.Giri & V.Singh

Zygophyllaceae Herb June-Dec. 1

34 Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada

Oxalidaceae Herb May-Nov. CSR

35 Oxalis latifolia Kunth Oxalidaceae Herb 1

36 Atalantia racemosa Wight ex

Hook.

Rutaceae Tree Dec.-Apr. 1

37 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)

DC.

Rutaceae Shrub June-Aug. 1



38 Pamburus missionis (Wight)

Swingle

Rutaceae Tree Feb.-Sept. 1

39 Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight

Rutaceae Shrub Nov.-Mar. 1

40 Ochna gamblei King ex

Brandis

Ochnaceae Small tree Troughout FEG

TP&D

MR

41 Boswellia ovalifoliolata N.P.Balakr. & A.N.Henry

Burseraceae Tree Feb.-Apr. 1

42 Aglaia elaeagnoidea (A.Juss.)

Benth. (=Aglaia elaeagnoidea

(A.Juss.) Benth. var. beddomei

(Gamble) N.C.Nair)

Meliaceae Yerra Aduga. Tree Jan.-Mar. 1

43 Loeseneriella obtusifolia (Roxb.) A.C.Sm.

Celastraceae Climbing

shrub

Jan.-Jun. 1

44 Maytenus heyneana (Roth)

D.C.S.Raju & Babu

Celastraceae Shrub Troughout 1

45 Salacia chinensis L. Celastraceae Climbing

shrub

Feb.-Oct. 1

46 Sageretia parviflora G.Don Rhamnaceae Small tree Sept.-Mar. 1

47 Leea aequata L. Leeaceae Shrub Jun.-Oct. FCTR

D

48 Alysicarpus heterophyllus (Baker) Jafri & Ali

Fabaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

49 Alysicarpus scariosus var.

pilifer (Prain) A.Pramanik &

Thoth. (=Alysicarpus rugosus

(Willd.) DC. var. pilifer Prain)

Fabaceae Herb Jan.-Mar. 1

50 Cajanus albicans (Wight &

Arn.) Maesen (=Atylosia

albicans (Wight & Arn.)

Benth.)

Fabaceae Climbing

shrub

Sept.-Apr. 1

51 Cajanus rugosus (Wight &

Arn.) Maesen (=Atylosia

rugosa Wight & Arn.)

Fabaceae Climbing

shrub

Oct.-Feb. FCTR

D

52 Crotalaria berteroana DC. Fabaceae Shrub Dec.-May 1

53 Crotalaria lunulata Wight &

Arn.

Fabaceae Shrub 1

54 Crotalaria pulchra Andrews Fabaceae Shrub Nov.-Mar. 1



55 Flemingia wightiana Graham

ex Wight & Arn.

Fabaceae Shrub 1

56 Indigofera karnatakana Sanjappa

Fabaceae Herb Aug.-Dec. 1

57 Mucuna atropurpurea DC. Fabaceae Liana Jan.-Apr. 1

58 Neonotonia wightii (Wight &

Arn.) J.A.Lackey (=Glycine

wightii (Wight & Arn.)

Verdc.)

Fabaceae Climber Throughout 1

59 Pycnospora lutescens (Poir.)

Schindl.

Fabaceae Climber 1

60 Rhynchosia beddomei Baker Fabaceae Shrub July-Dec. 1

61 Rhynchosia courtallensis Maesen

Fabaceae Climber Jan.-Apr. FEG

TP&D

MR

62 Rhynchosia heynei Wight &

Arn.

Fabaceae Shrub 1

63 Sophora interrupta Bedd. Fabaceae Shrub 1

64 Tephrosia calophylla Bedd. Fabaceae Woody

Herb

Apr.-July 1

65 Cassia roxburghii DC. Caesalpiniaceae Small tree Aug.-Dec. FEG

TP&D

MR

66 Chamaecrista nilgirica (V.Singh) V.Singh (=Cassia

nilgirica V.Singh)

Caesalpiniaceae Perennial

Herb

Jul.-Nov. 5

67 Senna surattensis (Burm.f.)

H.S.Irwin & Barneby

(=Cassia surattensis Burm.f.)

Caesalpiniaceae Small tree Aug.-Dec. 1

68 Entada rheedii Spreng.

(=Entada pursaetha DC.)

Mimosaceae Adavichintha,

Sabbuginjateega,

Jilateega &

Thikkathivva.

Liana Throughout 1

69 Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.)

Benth. (=Leucaena latisiliqua

(L.) Gillis & Stearn)

Mimosaceae Kanitisubabul. Tree Throughout FEG

TP&D

MR

70 Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. Crassulaceae Herb Dec.-Feb. 1

71 Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers.

Crassulaceae Herb July-Oct. 1



72 Myriophyllum oliganthum (Wight & Arn.) F.Muell.

Haloragaceae Herb Throughout 1

73 Terminalia crenulata Roth Combretaceae Tree Apr.-Aug. FEG

TP et

al

74 Memecylon lushingtonii Gamble

Melastomataceae Shrub Feb.-June 1

75 Memecylon molestum (C.B.Clarke) Cogn.

Melastomataceae Tree 1

76 Memecylon royenii Blume Melastomataceae Shrub Apr.-Aug. CSR

77 Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.)

P.H.Raven (=Ludwigia

octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven

subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli)

P.H.Raven)

Onagraceae Neeru

aganivandrum.

Straglling

Shrub

Throughout 1

78 Adenia wightiana (Wall. ex

Wight & Arn.) Engl.

Passifloraceae Climber Aug.-Jan. 1

79 Cerasiocarpum bennettii (Miq.) Cogn.

Cucurbitaceae Climber Throughout FCTR

D

80 Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.)

Cogn.

Cucurbitaceae Perennial

Herb

July-Sept. 1

81 Zehneria maysorensis (Wight

& Arn.) Arn.

Cucurbitaceae Herb 1

82 Nopalea cochenillifera (L.)

Salm-Dyck (=Opuntia

cochinellifera (L.) Mill.)

Cactaceae Nagajamudu. Shrub Jun.-Aug. 1

83 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.)

Haw. (=Opuntia stricta

(Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii

(Ker-Gawl.) L.D.Benson)

Cactaceae Nagajamudu,

Nagamullu, Papeli,

Nagaphani &

Nagadhari.

Shrub Jun.-Aug. 1

84 Heracleum rigens Wall. ex

DC.

Apiaceae Herb July-Aug. 1

85 Pimpinella anisum L. Apiaceae Gaddisopu. Herb Jan.-Mar. FCTR

D

86 Pimpinella tirupatiensis N.P.Balakr. & Subram.

Apiaceae Herb 1

87 Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz

(=Hedyotis caerulea Wight &

Arn.)

Rubiaceae Herb June-Sept. 1



88 Lasianthus coffeoides Fyson Rubiaceae Herb Apr.-Sept. FCTR

D

89 Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC.

(=Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.)

DC.)

Rubiaceae Herb Nov.-Apr. 1

90 Morinda pubescens J.E.

Smith var. stenophylla

(Spreng.) Kumari

Rubiaceae Shrub May-Nov. 1

91 Morinda umbellata L. Rubiaceae Climbing

shrub

Apr.-Sept. 1

92 Neanotis wightiana (Wall. ex

Wight & Arn.) W.H.Lewis

(=Anotis wightiana (Wall. ex

Wight & Arn.) Benth. &

Hook.f.)

Rubiaceae F Throughout FCTR

D

93 Oldenlandia attenuata (Willd.) M.R.Almeida

(=Hedyotis brachiata Wight)

Rubiaceae Herb Sept.-Dec. 1

94 Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae Manderti. Herb June-Oct. 1

95 Wendlandia glabrata DC. Rubiaceae Small

Tree

Feb.-Sept. TAP

TP&S

SR

96 Wendlandia tinctoria (Roxb.)

DC. var. orientalis Cowan

Rubiaceae Shrub Feb.-Sept. 1

97 Acmella radicans (Jacq.)

R.K.Jansen (=Spilanthes

radicans Jacq.)

Asteraceae Herb Oct.-Jan. 5

98 Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass.

(=Spilanthes uliginosa Sw.)


99 Adenostemma lavenia (L.)

Kuntze


100 Adenostemma lavenia f.

angustifolium (C.B.Clarke)

Kosterm.


101 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Herb Nov.-Feb. 1

102 Bidens pilosa L. var. minor

(Blume) Sherff

Asteraceae Herb 1



103 Centipeda elatinoides (Less.)

Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm.

(=Centipeda minima (L.) A.

Braun & Asch.)

Asteraceae Perennial

Herb

Dec.-Mar. 1

104 Conyza bonariensis var.

leiotheca (S.F.Blake) Cuatrec.

(=Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.)

E.Walker)

Asteraceae Herb Oct.-Dec. FEG

TP et

al

105 Emilia scabra DC. Asteraceae Sadamandi,

Kirankuri,

Sudhimudi.

Herb Nov.-Apr. FCTR

D

106 Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Asteraceae Herb Oct.-Jan. 1

107 Glossocardia bidens (Retz.)

Veldkamp (=Glossogyne

bidens (Retz.) Alston)

Asteraceae Herb Oct.-May 1

108 Gynura aurantiaca (Blume)

Sch.Bip. ex DC.

Asteraceae Maniyam poondu. Herb Oct.-Feb. FCTR

D

109 Gynura lycopersicifolia DC.

subsp. taprobanensis Griersen

Asteraceae Herb Nov.-Feb. 5

110 Launaea acaulis (Roxb.)

Kerr.

Asteraceae Herb Mar.-Sept. CSR

111 Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae Liana Throughout FCTR

D

112 Sonchus wightianus DC. Asteraceae Herb Nov.-Dec. 5

113 Taraxacum officinale Weber. Asteraceae Herb Throughout FCTR

D

114 Vernonia divergens (DC.)

Edgew.

Asteraceae Shrub Dec.-Feb. 1

115 Volutarella divaricata Benth.

& Hook.f.

Asteraceae Gaddi gorenta,

Sakayi.

Straglling

Shrub

Oct.-Feb. FCTR

D

116 Jasminum angustifolium var.

sessiliflorum (Vahl)

P.S.Green (=Jasminum

sessiliflorum Vahl)

Oleaceae Climbing

shrub

Mar.-May 1

117 Jasminum bignoniaceum Wall. ex G.Don

Oleaceae Pit malli, Pit-

chambeli.

Shrub Throughout FCTR

D

118 Chionanthus zeylanicus L.

(=Linociera zeylanica (L.)

Gamble)

Oleaceae Neeli blabba,

Punisi,

Punnaagamu.

Tree Throughout 1



119 Olea paniculata R.Br (=Olea

glandulifera Wall. ex G.Don)

Oleaceae Kunde naravellu,

Kunthy, Kaliki

chettu.

Tree Throughout 1

120 Olea polygama Wight Oleaceae Tree Nov.-May 1

121 Salvadora persica L. var.

wightiana (Thwaites.) Verdc.

Salvadoraceae Ghunia, Gonni,

Wara gogu,

Chekkara chettu.

Small tree Jan.-May FEG

TP et

al

122 Asclepias curassavica L. Asclepiadaceae Herb Throughout 1

123 Caralluma umbellata Haw. Asclepiadaceae Herb Mar.-Aug. 1

124 Ceropegia juncea Roxb. Asclepiadaceae Climber Dec.-Aug. 1

125 Cosmostigma cordatum (Poir.) M.R.Almeida

(=Cosmostigma racemosum

Wight)

Asclepiadaceae Climber Apr.-Aug. 1

126 Cryptolepis grandiflora Wight

Asclepiadaceae Climber Nov.-Jan. 1

127 Cynanchum callialatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wight

Asclepiadaceae Climber Oct.-Jan. 1

128 Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston

Asclepiadaceae Climber Oct.-Apr. 1

129 Decalepis hamiltonii Wight &

Arn.

Asclepiadaceae Climbing

shrub

Apr.-Sept. 1

130 Secamone emetica (Retz.)

R.Br. ex Schult.

Asclepiadaceae Climbing

shrub

Oct.-Mar. 1

131 Telosma cordata (Burm. f.)

Merr. (=Telosma minor

(Andrews) Craib)

Asclepiadaceae Seethamma

noharamu.

Climber Throughout FCTR

D

132 Vincetoxicum pauciflorum (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze

(=Tylophora pauciflora Wight

& Arn.)

Asclepiadaceae Climber Oct.-Feb. 1

133 Canscora heteroclita (L.)

Gilg

Gentianaceae Herb Dec.-Feb. 1

134 Canscora roxburghii Arn. ex

Miq. (=Canscora wallichii

C.B.Clarke)

Gentianaceae Herb Dec.-Mar. 1

135 Nymphoides indica (L.)

Kuntze

Menyanthaceae Herb Jan.-Nov. 1



136 Adelocaryum malabaricum (C.B.Clarke) Brand

(=Paracaryum malabaricum

C.B.Clarke)

Boraginaceae Nemali jada. Herb Feb.-Nov. FCTR

D

137 Cordia sinensis Lam.

(=Cordia gharaf Ehrenb. ex

Asch.)

Cordiaceae Tree Sept.-May 1

138 Argyreia cuneata Ker Gawl. Convolvulaceae Shrub Aug.-Jan. 1

139 Convolvulus rottlerianus Choisy

Convolvulaceae Shrub Oct.-Mar. 1

140 Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.)

Roem. & Schult.

Convolvulaceae Herb Aug.-Mar. FEG

TP et

al

141 Ipomoea repens (L.) Lam. Convolvulaceae Climber Sept.-Jan. 1

142 Merremia dissecta (Jacq.)

Hallier f.

Convolvulaceae Climber July-Jan. 1

143 Rivea ornata Choisy Convolvulaceae Climber May-Nov. 1

144 Lycianthes denticulata (Blume) Bitter (=Solanum

denticulatum Blume)

Solanaceae Shrub Jul.-Nov. FCTR

D

145 Solanum seaforthianum Andrews

Solanaceae Climber Oct.-Apr. 1

146 Buchnera hispida Buch.-

Ham. ex D.Don

Scrophulariaceae Herb Sept.-Apr. 1

147 Dopatrium nudicaule (Willd.)

Benth.

Scrophulariaceae Herb July-Oct. 1

148 Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr.

Scrophulariaceae Herb Nov.-Jan. 1

149 Limnophila repens (Benth.)

Benth.

Scrophulariaceae Herb July-Feb. 1

150 Lindernia antipoda (L.)

Alston

Scrophulariaceae Herb Nov.-Feb. 1

151 Lindernia caespitosa (Blume)

Panigrahi

Scrophulariaceae Herb Oct.-Feb. FCTR

D

152 Lindernia hyssopoides (L.)

Haines

Scrophulariaceae Straglling

Herb

Sept.-Feb. 1

153 Lindernia oppositifolia (L.)

Mukerjee

Scrophulariaceae Herb Aug.-Nov. 1



154 Lindernia pusilla (Willd.)

Bold.

Scrophulariaceae Perennial

Herb

July-Nov. 1

155 Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth.

(=Rhamphicarpa longiflora

Benth.)

Scrophulariaceae Herb Oct.-Nov. 1

156 Striga angustifolia (D.Don)

C.J.Saldanha

Scrophulariaceae Herb July-Nov. 1

157 Utricularia bifida L. Lentibulariaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

158 Utricularia caerulea L. Lentibulariaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

159 Utricularia scandens Benj. Lentibulariaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

160 Utricularia striatula Sm. Lentibulariaceae Herb July-Nov. 1

161 Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) Roxb. ex K.Schum.

Bignoniaceae Tree Apr.-May 1

162 Sesamum laciniatum Klein ex

Willd.

Pedaliaceae Herb Aug.-Dec. 1

163 Andrographis alata (Vahl)

Nees

Acanthaceae Herb Nov.-Feb. 1

164 Andrographis elongata (Vahl) T.Anderson

Acanthaceae Herb Jan.-May 1

165 Andrographis serpyllifolia (Vahl) Wight

Acanthaceae Kuramaku. Perennial

Herb

Dec.-Feb. 1

166 Asystasia chelonoides Nees Acanthaceae Straglling

Shrub

Nov.-Feb. 1

167 Asystasia dalzelliana Santapau

Acanthaceae Herb Oct.-Jan. 1

168 Barleria gibsonii Dalzell Acanthaceae Shrub Sept.-Jan. 1

169 Barleria montana Nees Acanthaceae Adavi

Decembaralu.

Shrub Oct.-Feb. 1

170 Barleria prattensis Santapau Acanthaceae Shrub Sept.-Jan. 1

171 Dicliptera cuneata Nees Acanthaceae Pinchakusuma. Herb Nov.-Apr. 1

172 Dyschoriste erecta (Burm.)

Kuntze (=Dyschoriste

depressa (L.) Nees)

Acanthaceae Adivi

neelambaramu.

Perennial

Herb

Dec.-Mar. FCTR

D

173 Ecbolium viride (Forssk.)

Alston var. rotundifolia

(C.B.Clarke) Raizada

Acanthaceae Oct.-Mar. 1

174 Eranthemum capense L. Acanthaceae Shrub Nov.-Apr. 1



175 Hygrophila salicifolia Nees Acanthaceae Herb Sept.-Mar. 1

176 Justicia japonica Thunb.

(=Rostellularia japonica

(Thunb.) J.L.Ellis)

Acanthaceae Herb July-Jan. 1

177 Justicia tranquebariensis L.f. Acanthaceae Shrub June-Jan. 1

178 Lepidagathis fasciculata (Retz.) Nees

Acanthaceae Herb July-Nov. 1

179 Phlebophyllum spicatum (Roth) Bremek. var.

hypoleucum (Nees) Bremek.

Acanthaceae Shrub about 12

Years

1

180 Pseuderanthemum malabaricum Gamble

Acanthaceae Shrub Nov.-Feb. 1

181 Rostellularia diffusa (Willd.)

Nees var. orbiculata (Wall. ex

T.And.) J.L.Ellis

Acanthaceae Shrub Throughout 1

182 Rostellularia simplex Wight Acanthaceae Herb Aug.-Mar. 1

183 Stenosiphonium parviflorum T.Anderson

Acanthaceae Shrub Dec.-May 1

184 Strobilanthes meeboldii Craib Acanthaceae Herb Jan.-Mar. FEG

TP et

al

185 Premna corymbosa Rottler &

Willd.

Verbenaceae Peddanaruva,

Pomanti.

Small tree Jan.-Sept. 1

186 Vitex leucoxylon L.f. Verbenaceae Lokki. Tree Feb.-Apr. 1

187 Anisochilus dysophylloides Benth.

Lamiaceae Shrub Dec.-Apr. FCTR

D

188 Endostemon viscosus (Roth)

M.R.Ashby

Lamiaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

189 Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex

D.Don) Kudo (=Plectranthus

coetsa Buch.-Ham. ex Don.)

Lamiaceae Herb Oct.-Jan. FCTR

D

190 Leucas indica (L.) R.Br. ex

Vatke var. lavandulifolia

(Rees) Chandrabose &

Srinivasan

Lamiaceae Poolatummi,

Tummi.

Herb Sept.-Apr. FCTR

D

191 Leucas indica (L.) R.Br. ex

Vatke var. nagalapuramiana

(Chandrab. & Sriniv.) D.A.

Moulali & T. Pullaiah

Lamiaceae Herb Oct.-Mar. 1



192 Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.)

R.Br.

Lamiaceae Herb Oct.-Mar. 1

193 Leucas montana (Roth)

Spreng.

Lamiaceae Straglling

Shrub

Jan.-Mar. 1

194 Leucas wightiana Wall. ex

Benth. Missing

Lamiaceae Herb Oct.-Feb. 5

195 Leucas zeylanica (L.)

W.T.Aiton var. walkeri

(Benth.) Hook.f.

Lamiaceae Herb Oct.-Mar. FEG

TP et

al

196 Platostoma menthoides (L.)

A.J.Paton (=Geniosporum

menthoides (L.) Druce)

Lamiaceae Bhoothulasi. Herb Mar. FEG

TP et

al

197 Pogostemon myosuroides (Roth) Kuntze

Lamiaceae Herb Dec.-Mar. 1

198 Pogostemon nilagiricus Gamble

Lamiaceae Herb Nov.-Feb. 1

199 Pogostemon paniculatus (Willd.) Benth.

Lamiaceae Herb Jan.-Apr. FCTR

D

200 Scutellaria violacea B.Heyne

ex Benth.

Lamiaceae Straglling

Herb

Aug.-May 1

201 Teucrium tomentosum B.Heyne ex Benth.

Lamiaceae Shrub Nov.-Mar. 1

202 Plantago erosa Wall. Plantaginaceae Herb Throughout FCTR

D

203 Celosia argentea L. var.

plumosa

Amaranthaceae Errakodiguttuaku. Herb Throughout FCTR

D

204 Celosia pulchella Moq. Amaranthaceae Herb July-Dec. 1

205 Persicaria pulchra (Blume)

Sojak (=Polygonum pulchrum

Blume)

Polygonaceae Herb 1

206 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham.

ex Miq.

Piperaceae Climber July-Sept. 1

207 Piper hymenophyllum (Miq.)

Wight

Piperaceae Climber Feb.-Dec. 1

208 Actinodaphne madraspatana Bedd. ex Hook.f.

Lauraceae Tree Feb.-Apr. 1

209 Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees

Lauraceae Tree Apr.-May 1

210 Litsea deccanensis Gamble Lauraceae Naramamidi. Tree Feb.-May 1



211 Neolitsea foliosa (Nees)

Gamble) var. caesia Gamble

Lauraceae Tree Sept.-Dec. 1

212 Taxillus tomentosus Tiegh. Loranthaceae Noogu tellanugu,

Gilledu badanika.

Parasite Jul.-Dec. FCTR

D

213 Viscum heyneanum DC. Viscaceae Badanika. Parasite Nov.-May 1

214 Viscum monoicum Roxb. ex

DC.

Viscaceae Parasite 1

215 Viscum ramosissimum Wall. Viscaceae Parasite Feb.-July 1

216 Osyris lanceolata Hochst. &

Steud. (=Osyris quadripartita

Salz ex Decne)

Santalaceae Shrub Feb.-May 1

217 Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae Mabbaku. Shrub Throughout 1

218 Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.f.)

C.E.C.Fisch.

Euphorbiaceae Errapuruguda,

Erraballi.

Shrub Sept.-Jan. 1

219 Croton klotzschianus Thwaites

Euphorbiaceae Nepalavemu. Shrub Aug.-Jan. 1

220 Dalechampia indica Wight Euphorbiaceae Climber Dec.-Feb. 1

221 Drypetes sepiaria (Wight &

Arn.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Euphorbiaceae Small tree Dec.-Apr. 1

222 Epiprinus mallotiformis (Mull.Arg.) Croizat

Euphorbiaceae Tree Nov.-Jan. 1

223 Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex

Ainslie

Euphorbiaceae Tirugujemudu,

Nagajemudu.

Small tree Feb.-May 1

224 Euphorbia umbellata (Pax)

Bruyns (=Synadenium grantii

Hook.f.)

Euphorbiaceae Shrub Nov.-Jan. 1

225 Glochidion heyneanum (Wight & Arn.) Wight

(=Glochidion velutinum

Wight)

Euphorbiaceae Small tree July-Sept. 1

226 Lasiococca comberi Haines

(=Homonoia comberi (Haine)

Merr.)

Euphorbiaceae Small tree Aug.-Sept. 1

227 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)

Mull.Arg.

Euphorbiaceae Tree Oct.-Feb. 1

228 Mallotus rhamnifolius (Willd.) Muell.-Arg.

Euphorbiaceae Small tree Jan.-Mar. 1



229 Margaritaria indica (Dalzell)

Airy Shaw

Euphorbiaceae Tree June-Oct. 1

230 Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Herb Throughout 5

231 Sauropus bacciformis (L.)

Airy Shaw

Euphorbiaceae Herb July-Feb. 1

232 Suregada lanceolata (Willd.)

Kuntze (=Suregada

angustifolia (Mull.Arg.) Airy

Shaw)

Euphorbiaceae Karuguggilam. Small tree Dec.-Apr. 1

233 Tragia sanjappae Chakrab. &

N.P.Balakr. (=Tragia

involucrata L. var.

angustifolia Hook.f.)

Euphorbiaceae Teega Dulagondi. Climber Dec.-Mar. 1

234 Celtis philippensis Blanco Ulmaceae Verri Musti;

Kovoka Mushti,

Tella Kovoka

Mushti.

Tree Dec.-Mar. 1

235 Droguetia iners (Forssk.)

Schweinf. (=Droguetia diffusa

Wedd.)

Ulmaceae Herb FCTR

D

236 Ficus dalhousiae Miq. Moraceae Tree Jan.-Mar. 1

237 Girardinia diversifolia (Link)

Friis

Urticaceae Herb Feb.-Mar. 1

238 Pouzolzia bennettiana Wight Urticaceae Herb Throughout 1

239 Blyxa octandra (Roxb.)

Planch. ex Thw.

Hydrocharitaceae Annual

Herb

June-Oct. 3

240 Aphyllorchis montana Rchb. Orchidaceae Shrub Feb.-Aug. 3

241 Bulbophyllum kaitiense Rchb.f.

Orchidaceae Epiphyte 3

242 Cleisostoma tenuifolium (L.)

Garay (=Sarcanthus

pauciflorus Wight)

Orchidaceae Epiphyte Jul.-Aug. 3 &

CSR

243 Dendrobium ovatum (Willd.)

Kraenzl.

Orchidaceae Epiphyte Sept.-Oct. 3

244 Diplocentrum recurvum Lindl.

Orchidaceae Epiphyte May-Jul. 3

245 Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.)

Suresh (=Eulophia nuda

Lindl.)

Orchidaceae Herb Feb.-Jun. 3



246 Habenaria longicornu Lindl. Orchidaceae Herb Sept.-Nov. CSR

247 Habenaria rariflora A.Rich. Orchidaceae Herb Jul.-Aug. 3

248 Vanda spathulata (L.)

Spreng.

Orchidaceae Epiphyte Mar.-Sept. 3

249 Vanda testacea (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.

Orchidaceae Epiphyte Apr.-Jun. 3

250 Vanilla wightii Lindl. ex

Wight (=Vanilla wightiana

Lindl.)

Orchidaceae Climber Mar.-Apr. 3

251 Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight

Zingiberaceae Herb July-Aug. 3

252 Dracaena terniflora Roxb. Agavaceae Straglling

Shrub

Mar-Sept. 3

253 Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Agavaceae Herb Aug.-Oct. 3

254 Yucca gloriosa L. Agavaceae Small tree Apr.-Sept. FCTR

D

255 Asparagus gonoclados Baker Liliaceae Shrub Aug.-Jan. 3

256 Chlorophytum malabaricum Baker

Liliaceae Herb June-Nov. 3

257 Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Liliaceae Herb Jul.-Oct. FCTR

D

258 Najas minor All. Najadaceae Herb July-Nov. 3

259 Aponogeton crispus Thunb.

(=Aponogeton echinatus

Roxb.)

Aponogetonaceae Herb Jan.-Apr. 3

260 Eriocaulon minutum Hook.f. Eriocaulaceae Herb Aug.-Nov. FCTR

D

261 Eriocaulon ritchieanum Ruhland

Eriocaulaceae Herb Aug.-Dec. 3

262 Cyperus mitis Steud. Cyperaceae Perennial

Herb

Oct.-Dec. 3

263 Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.)

Boeckeler (=Mariscus

paniceus (Rottb.) Vahl)

Cyperaceae Perennial

Herb

Jul.-Dec. 3

264 Cyperus squarrosus L.

(=Mariscus squarrosus (L.)

C.B.Clarke)

Cyperaceae Annual

Herb

Jul.-Nov. 3



265 Cyperus tuberosus Rottb.

(=Cyperus rotundus L. subsp.

tuberosus (Rottb.) Kuk.)


Herb

Oct.-Jan. FCTR

D

266 Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.


Herb

June-Dec. 3

267 Eleocharis swamyii Govind. Cyperaceae Perennial

Herb

Sept.-Dec. 3

268 Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Vahl)

Kunth (=Abildgaardia

cinnamometorum (Vahl)

Thw.)


Herb

Aug.-Dec. 3

269 Fimbristylis eragrostis (Nees)

Hance (=Abildgaardia

eragrostis Nees & Meyen ex

Nees)


Herb

Sept.-Oct. 3

270 Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.)

Vahl


Herb

Sept.-Dec. 3

271 Lipocarpha chinensis (Osbeck) J.Kern

Cyperaceae Annual

Herb

May-Oct. 3

272 Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.)

Makino


Herb

Oct.-Feb. FCTR

D

273 Scleria corymbosa Roxb. Cyperaceae Perennial

Herb

Sept.-Dec. 3

274 Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett Cyperaceae Perennial

Herb

Feb.-Dec. 3

275 Apluda mutica L. Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

276 Aristida adscensionis L.

(= Aristida depressa Retz.)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

277 Aristida setacea Retz. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

278 Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.)

Hochst.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

279 Arundinella nervosa (Roxb.)

Nees ex Hook. & Arn.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

280 Arundinella setosa Trin. (=

Arundinella setosa var.

lanifera C.E.C.Fisch.)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3



281 Axonopus compressus (Sw.)

P. Beauv.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

282 Brachiaria distachya (L.)

Stapf

Poaceae Koranna gaddi. Annual

Herb

3

283 Brachiaria remota (Retz.)

Haines

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

284 Brachiaria reptans (L.)

C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

285 Urochloa setigera (Retz.)

Stapf (= Brachiaria setigera

(Retz.) C.E. Hubb.)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

286 Centotheca lappacea (L.)

Desv.

(= Centotheca latifolia)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

287 Chloris barbata Sw. (=

Chloris inflata)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

288 Chloris dolichostachya Lag. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

289 Chloris roxburghiana Schult. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

290 Chrysopogon asper B.Heyne

ex Blatt. & McCann

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

291 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)

Stapf

Poaceae Vasana gaddi. Perennial

Herb

3

292 Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook.f.) Stapf

Poaceae Boda gaddi. Perennial

Herb

3

293 Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees

ex Steud.) W.Watson

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

294 Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Steud.) Stapf

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

295 Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

296 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.)

A.Camus

(= Dichanthium pertusum (L.)

Clayton)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

297 Digitaria abludens (Roem. &

Schult.) Veldkamp

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3



298 Digitaria bicornis (Lam.)

Roem. & Schult.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

299 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.)

Koeler

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

300 Digitaria longiflora (Retz.)

Pers.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

301 Digitaria nodosa Parl. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

302 Digitaria radicosa (Miq.)

Miq.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

303 Digitaria setigera Roth Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

304 Dimeria lehmannii (Steud.)

Hack.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

305 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

306 Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P.

Beauv.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

307 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

308 Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl)

Bor

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

309 Eragrostiella brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

310 Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.)

Trin. ex Steud.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

311 Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.)

Trin.

(= Eragrostis diarrhena

(Schult. & Schult.f.) Steud.)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

312 Eragrostis nutans (Retz.)

Nees ex Steud.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

313 Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.

Beauv.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

314 Eragrostis riparia (Willd.)

Nees

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3



315 Eragrostis amabilis (L.)

Wight & Arn.

(= Eragrostis tenella (L.)

Roem. & Schult.)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

316 Eragrostis patula (Kunth)

Steud.

(= Eragrostis tenuifolia

(A.Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud.)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

317 Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.)

Trin.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

318 Eulalia phaeothrix (Hack.)

Kuntze

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

319 Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex

Miq.) Janowski

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

320 Heteropogon contortus (L.)

P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.

Poaceae Kaserigaddi,

Eddigaddi.

Annual

Herb

3

321 Imperata cylindrica (L.)

Raeusch.

Poaceae Dharbagaddi. Perennial

Herb

3

322 Polytrias indica (Houtt.)

Veldkamp

(= Ischaemum indicum

(Houtt.) Merr.)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

323 Leersia hexandra Sw. Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

324 Hackelochloa granularis (L.)

Kuntze (= Mnesithea

granularis (L.) Koning &

Sosef)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

325 Oryza meyeriana (Zollin.&Mor.) Baill.

(= Oryza meyeriana var.

granulata (Nees ex Steud.)

Duist.)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

326 Oryza rufipogon Griff. (=

Oryza nivara S.D.Sharma &

Shastry)

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

327 Panicum brevifolium L. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3



328 Panicum fischeri Bor Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

329 Panicum notatum Retz. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

330 Panicum paludosum Roxb. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

331 Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

332 Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Poaceae Arikelu. Annual

Herb

3

333 Pennisetum hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

334 Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

335 Phalaris minor Retz. Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

336 Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

337 Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

338 Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

339 Sehima nervosum (Rottler)

Stapf.

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

340 Setaria intermedia Roem. &

Schult.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

341 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem.

& Schult.

Poaceae Nakkathoka gaddi. Annual

Herb

3

342 Setaria verticillata (L.)

P.Beauv.

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

343 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

344 Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank.) Kuntze

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3

345 Sporobolus virginicus (L.)

Kunth

(= Sporobolus tremulus

(Willd.) Kunth)

Poaceae Annual

Herb

3



346 Sporobolus wallichii Munro

ex Thwaites

Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

347 Themeda cymbaria Hack. Poaceae Perennial

Herb

3

Reference:

Pullaiah, T and E. Chennaiah (1997) Flora of Andhra Pradesh (India) Vol.1. Scientific

Pullaiah, T and D.Ali Moulali (1997) Flora of Andhra Pradesh, (India) Vol.2. Scientific

Publishers, Jodhpur.

Pullaiah, T (1997) Flora of Andhra Pradesh (India). Vol.3. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

Pullaiah, T. and Karuppusamy (2008) Flora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vol. 5.Scientific

Publishers, Jodhpur.

CSR= Sudhakar Reddy, C., K. N. Reddy and Vatsavaya S. Raju (2008) Supplement to

Flora of Andhra Pradesh, India. Deepti Publications. New Delhi.

Madhava Chetty, K., K. Sivaji & K. Tulasi Rao (2008) Flowering Plants of Chittoor

District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Students Offset Printers, Tirupati.

Pullaiah, T. and D. Muralidhara Rao (2002) Flora of Eastern Ghats Hill Ranges of

Southeast India. Vol.1 (Ranunculaceae-Moringaceae). Regency Publications New Delhi.

Pullaiah, T., K. S. R. Murthy, P. S. P. Goud, T. D. C. Kumar and R. Vijayakumar (2003)

Medicinal plants used by the tribals of Nallamalais, Eastern Ghats of India. Journ. Trop.

Med. Plants 4(2): 237-244.

Pullaiah, T. and S. Sandhya Rani (1999) Trees of Andhra Pradesh, India. Regency

Publications, New Delhi.



Some of the Common, Rare and Endemic species of the Seshachalam

Biosphere Reserve

Fig.- 1: Acmella uliginosa

Fig.-2: Asparagus gonoclados

Fig.-3: Cycas beddomei (Endemic)

Fig.-4: Cymbopogon flexuosus



Fig.- 5: Cyperus squarrosus

Fig.-6: Decaschistia crotonifolia (Rare)

Fig.- 7: Dellinia indica (Endemic)

Fig.- 8: Eragrostiella bifaria



Fig.- 9: Pimpinella tirupatiensis (Endemic)

Fig.-10: Pogostemon myosuroides

Fig.-11: Rhynchosia beddomei (Rare)

Fig.-12: Scleria terrestris



Fig.- 13: Terminalia arjuna

Fig.-14: Terminalia pallid (Endemic)

Fig.- 14: Pulicaria wightiana

Fig.- 15: Vitex altissima (Rare)



Fig.- 16: Cissus vitiginea

Fig.- 17: Cyanthillium albicans

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