SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview

AMANA STEEL BUILDINGS

CONTRACTING

SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview

SESSION : 2 General Safety Requirements

SESSION : 3 UAE Legislation in OHS

Course Introduction

Course Timings : 9:0 am to 5:0 pm

Lunch Breaks: 12:00 pm – 12:30 pm

Coffee Breaks: 2:45 pm

Timing: 8:30am to 10:30am

Timing Section A: 10:40 am to 12:00 pm, Section B: 12:30 pm to 2:45pm

Timing: 2:50 pm to 5:0 pm

SESSION : 1

Health & Safety Management


Objectives

1. What is Industrial Safety?

2. Why Manage Health & Safety – 3 Good Reasons

3. Cost and Consequences of Accidents – Video

4. Accident Causation theory

• Common cause of accidents in construction

5. How Manage Health & Safety – HSG (65) Model

• 4 C’s for Positive Health & Safety Culture

• Proactive & Reactive Monitoring

6. Principle of Control in H&S

• Hazards & Risk Management

• Safe System of work, PTW

• Hierarchy of Control – Video

7. Principle of Accident prevention

• MEEP – Material, Equipment, Environment & People

• IITS - Information, Instruction , Training and Supervisions


Industrial Safety

State of freedom from dangers /

hazards / risk in an industrial

activities.


Why manage Health & Safety ?



ILO Facts:

According to International Labor Organization

Around the World millions of men and women work in poor and hazardous conditions

More than 160 million workers fall ill each year due to workplace hazards

Small enterprises account for over 90% of enterprises where conditions are often very poor and the workers in them are often excluded from all labor protection.



Highest accident Rate in Construction industries-

Reference – HSE, UK Statistics



UAE Accident Statistics:



UAE Accident Statistics: Dubai

7 20

373

616

354

364

These accident records belongs to only 36 Main contractor who are

the member of Buildsafeuae. (www.buildsafeuae.com)



Three Good Reasons:

There are clear, pressing reasons why businesses should effectively

manage health and safety

1. Costs (Financial Loss)

2. Humanitarian and Moral reasons

3. To Avoid Prosecution


Reason 1: Costs (Financial)

The true cost of accidents is a lot higher than most people realise.

Cost of failure is not easy to calculate, but includes:

Medical Treatment

Accident investigation,

Replacement labour,

Loss of reputation,

Compensation,

Increased Insurance premium

Studies have shown that the true cost of accidents were as

much as 37% of the annual profit in one organisation


Reason 2: Humanitarian and Moral reasons

Our lives depends on what

we do at work. As a

human being We all

(Employers / Employees)

have moral obligation not

to cause harm to others.

Employers have the moral

obligation towards their employees and others.


Reason 3: To avoid prosecution Employers & Employees showing negligence towards

health and safety regulations resulting in accidents

may serve a severe penalties or/and imprisonment.

Supervisor jailed after crane collapses on workers

by Amy Glass on Sunday, 06 July 2008

CRANE KILLINGS:A Doha court has jailed a construction site supervisor for two years after a crane collapsed, killing four men and injured three others, Qatar daily Gulf Times reported on Sunday. The supervisor, from Syria, and his employer were also fined 20,000 Qatari riyals ($5,499) each for the accident which killed three Filipino men and one Indian man. The accident occurred on March 19, 2007, when a crane being operated for the first time tilted and fell upon the workers at a construction site near the West Bay, Doha. The supervisor, his employer and insurance firm were jointly ordered to pay 150,000 Qatari riyals as ‘blood money’ to families of three of the victims, the newspaper said.

http://www.arabianbusiness.com/interstitial.php?wURI=mailto:[email protected]?subject=ArabianBusiness.com: Supervisor jailed after crane collapses on workers&wTime=60000

Supervisors

(Contractors,

Subcontractors) can be

held criminally liable for

serious injury or death of

an employee if they have

been negligent in their

duties.


Cost and Consequences of Accident


Cost and consequences of accident Direct costs:

Hospitalization charges

Family suffering , Loss of job

Lost man days

Sick leave pay

Indirect costs:

Investigation cost

Loss of wages

Cost of damage to equipments

Idle time of equipment and machinery

Low productivity due to low morale of

workers

Improvement costs

Cost of low output by new worker

Costs for redesigning workplace

Replacement of worker / equipment

Retraining cost

Delay in work / stoppage of work

Fines

Compensations / blood money

cost of reputation of company , morale

which ultimately results in poor industrial

relations and loss of goodwill in the

market. And many more…


Cost and consequences of accidents

COST & CONSEQUANCE OF ACC - The Secret Siphon.WMV


Accident Causation Theory

1

29

300

ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

UNSAFE CONDITION

10%

UNSAFE ACT

88%

NATURAL CALAMITIES

2%


Definitions:

• Incident: An unplanned and undesired work related event in which

harm occurred or could have occurred.

o Accident: An accident is an incident, which has given rise to injury,

ill health or fatality.

o Nearmiss / Near-hit / Dangerous Occurrence: an incident where

no harms occurred

• LTA (Lost Time Accidents): a work related injury causing disablement

extending 48 hrs beyond the day or shift on which the accident

occurred.

Or simply, More than 3 days (including the day of accident)

disablement due to work Injury.


Accident Causation Theory

As per Henrich

• 88% of the accident are caused by unsafe act and

10% by unsafe condition.

• For every accident resulting in an injury, there are

many other similar accidents that causes no injuries.

ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

UNSAFE CONDITION

10%

UNSAFE ACT

88%

NATURAL CALAMITIES

2%

• It is estimated by him that in a group of 330

accidents of the same kind involving the same

person and similar circumstances,

300 result in no injury,

29 in minor injury and

one in a major/ lost time/fatality.

1

29

300

So, how the major accidents can be prevented at sites…?

98% of accidents could be prevented by correcting the unsafe act and unsafe condition.

This proves that there are sample of opportunities for preventing accidents.


Major causes of accidents in construction

1. Fall from Height

2. Fall of Materials

3. Structure collapse

4. Fire

5. Electrocution

6. Vehicle /

machineries related

7. Other reasons

Fall from height is the biggest killer in construction industries.

50% of all accidents are caused due fall from height.

50 %

50 %


Year – unknown,

Month May to July.

No of Fatality - 10

1. Fall from Height - 6

2. Fall of Materials -2

3. Electrocution -2

UNSAFE ACTIONS AND

UNSAFE CONDITIONS ARE

THE ONLY REASON BEHIND

THESE ACCIDENTS.


Accident Causes

UNSAFE PEOPLE Create

UNSAFE CONDITIONS / PLACES Which cause ACCIDENTS

And these often result in INJURY OR DAMAGE

For every accident there is a preventable cause …. Find & Fix the cause BEFORE the accident


Any act which deviates from accepted norm or

correct procedure or practice, which has a

potential to cause accident.

UNSAFE ACTION

Operating without authority

Working on unprotected area

Failure to use PPE

Use of drug / alcohol

Improper lifting

Improper loading

Failure to warn person

Horseplay


Any physical condition which deviates from

accepted norm or practice and has the

potential to cause accident.

UNSAFE CONDITION

Inadequate supports or guards

Defective tools, equipment or supplies

Inadequate warning system

Poor housekeeping

Hazardous atmospheric conditions

Poor illumination/ventilation

Slippery floors

Excessive noise …….


SEQUANCE OF ACCIDENT OCCURANCE The basic theory of accident occurrence -

1. An accident occurs due to an unsafe act or unsafe

condition or both.

2. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions exist because of

human faults.

3. Faults of human are inherited due to

Lack of knowledge and skill

Lack of supervision

Improper mechanical and physical

environment

Whenever an accident occurs there is always a

chain of events that occur in a logical and fixed

order

3 causes of accident Reason behind Unsafe Action & Unsafe

Condition


How manage Health & Safety?

P-Plan D-Do

A-Act C-

Check

A C

D P


HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System Model

Developing Annual

H&S Planning &

Schedule for

implementation.

Information link

CONTROL LINK

POLICY

ORGANISING

PLANNING &

IMPLEMENTING

MEASURING

PERFORMANCE

AUDIT AND

REVIEW

REVIEWING

PERFORMANCE

Policy & Procedure

development

Setting clear responsibilities, Organising employees (4Cs).

Feedback loop to improve performance

Proactive and reactive

monitoring

Developing techniques of planning, measuring and

reviewing


HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System

1. POLICY OHS policy authorised by the organisations top management that clearly

states overall H&S objectives and commitment to improving H&S performances

AMANA OHS / IMS Policy Statements: This Statement has been developed by AMANA to stress our belief that the effective implementation of Integrated Management

System (IMS) plays significant role in doing business and affirms our commitment to the continual improvement and to the business excellence. Amana is committed to: Providing quality service to our customers by on-time completion of contracts, cost effectiveness, service up to the customers

satisfaction in accordance with the local regulations and following international standards.

Reducing impacts to Environmental contamination to acceptable levels by the strict adoption of the relevant international standards and local regulations. Providing particular attention to reduce the consumption of water and energy by involving employees on individual basis to follow

Reduce-Reuse-Recycle methodology and by participating in conservation / protection of the Environment.

Ensuring a safe and healthy work environment for employees by increasing awareness of safety measures. The effective implementation of the Integrated Management System in compliance with ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004, and to monitor its continual improvement through regular training & developments, value added internal audits, Customer feedback and through achieving set objectives and targets of each department.

AMANA Integrated Management System (IMS) policy is authorized by the General Manager. The Policy and the associated procedures will be reviewed regularly and if necessary revised by the Management and communicated to all the employees. The Policy will be prominently displayed at all AMANA workplaces and also made available in public. Approved by: Mohammad Bushnaq Date:26.04.2009 General Manager



2. ORGANISING To make an effective health and safety policy an organisation needs to get staff involved and committed. This is often referred to as a 'positive

health and safety culture'.

4 Cs for Positive Health & Safety Culture:

Competence: recruitment, training , Qualification,

Experience, Knowledge.

Commitments & Control: allocating responsibilities,

securing commitment, instruction and supervision.

Co-operation: internally between individuals, groups,

departments including consultation with health and safety

representatives and externally between clients, suppliers,

contractors etc.

Communication: spoken, written and visible.



Engineer / Foremen Responsibilities in the context of a Generic HSE Plan:

1. Understanding the compliance of this safety plan and following the same in the day-to-

day activities.

2. Giving daily safety instructions to the workmen as a part of each job instructions,

highlighting the possible hazards and the necessary precautions to be taken.

3. Complying HSE Officer/Engineer’s recommendations given in his daily observation report

4. Maintaining work area neat and clean, with specific attention working at heights

keeping free from loose materials.

5. Taking an active part in the site safety meetings, when required.

6. Preventing horseplay of workmen.

7. Organizing “toolbox” talks to the workmen on a weekly basis and maintaining records

8. Identifying and eliminating all unsafe conditions in the work area by carrying out safety

inspections in the work area on a daily basis.

9. Sending the workmen employed by them on the first day itself to the HSE

Officer/Engineer for giving safety induction.

10.Maintaining all accident preventative measures in place and reporting any accidents /

incidents as required.



3. PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION

Planning is the key to ensuring that your health and safety efforts really work.

Planning for health and safety involves

1. Setting objectives,

2. Identifying hazards,

3. Assessing risks,

4. Safety procedures for hazardous operation

5. Implementing standards of performance and

6. Developing a positive culture.

It is often useful to record plans in writing.

Every AMANA projects are maintaining a project specific HSE Plan. We must refer it to improve our HSE culture.



4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE

Measurement is essential to maintain and improve health and safety performance.

Two ways of measuring performance are

Workplace inspections

Environmental monitoring

Safety tours

Progress monitoring of objectives

Performance reviews

Review of training assessments

Management system audits

Health surveillance

Active / Proactive Monitoring: Active monitoring is a way of looking at things before

things go wrong / Accidents



4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE

Reactive Monitoring: after something goes wrong;

Reactive monitoring measures failure (accidents, incidents, damage

to property, unsafe conditions)

Accident investigation

Accident incident rates

Ill health incident rates

Accident frequency rates

Accident severity rates

Sickness absence

Property or product damage

Incidents / near misses



5. REVIEWING PERFORMANCE

Internal and external audits complement

monitoring activities by determining whether the

health and safety policy, organisation and

systems are actually achieving the required

reliability and effectiveness.

An audit is not intended to identify all of the

hazards, it is intended as an evaluation of health

and safety management systems.


Step 1

Establish standards

for health & safety

management based

on risk assessment

and legal

requirements

Step 2

Implement plans to

achieve objectives

and standards

Step 4

Review against

objectives and

standards and take

appropriate action

Step 3

Measure progress

with plans and

compliance with

standards

A C

D P

PDCA Cycle

Plan

Do

Check

Act


Principle of Control in H&S


Tools to Control Health & Safety

Risk Assessment

Safe system of work

Permit to work system

Hierarchy of Control


Risk assessment is the process of identifying

and evaluating a hazard to determine the

level of action required to reduce a risk to

an acceptable level.

Risk Assessment

It is nothing more than a careful

examination of workplace Hazard, so that

we can evaluate whether the we have

taken enough precautions or are required

to take additional precautions, to prevent

harm occurring.

Uncontrolled Hazard

Risk / Harm

Controlled Hazards


Hazard: Something with the potential to cause harm such as

A source – working at height,

A substance –handling of chemicals,

A part of a machine – circular saw blade,

A method of work – lifting method,

A form of energy, or a situation – overburden on the edge of excavation

Risk Assessment


Risk is expressed as: Likelihood of Occurrence × Severity of Hazard = Risk

And the results are expressed in term of quantity such as high risk, medium risk and low risk.

Risk:

Risk Assessment

Harm: Includes death, injury, physical or mental ill health, damage to property or the environment, loss of production or any combination of these

A measure of the likelihood that the

harm from a particular hazard will

occur, taking into account the possible severity of the harm.


FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT

1. Look for the Hazards

2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances

3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls

4. Record the significant findings

5. Review the assessment

1. Look for the Hazards

- Hazard type – Physical, Chemical, Biological, agronomical

- Hazard Sources – Materials, Equipments, Environment, People

- Hazard identification techniques – Workplace inspection,

Manufacturer instruction, MSDS


2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances

include visitors, public and new workers

3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls

Consider the likelihood and severity

See the adequacy of existing control

Consider Legal requirements, Generally accepted industry

standards

Make the risk smaller

4. Record the significant findings

5. Review the assessment

in case of new machine, substances and procedure introduced

new legal requirements

FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT


Sample of RISK ASSESSMENT


Term Injury type Value

Negligible Minor injury requiring no first-aid, no loss of materials 1

Firs-Aid Injury First-aid treatment required, no further loss of time 2

Minor Injury Injured person resumes his duties within 3 days.(< 3 days) 3

Major Injury (LTI) Major injury per event resulting in LTI (> 3 days). 4

Sever Multiple major injuries, single severe/ disabling injury or

occupational illness 5

Fatality Single or multiple fatality per event 6

Value Status Description

6 Certain or

imminent Constant exposure - Happens regularly on this site

5 Very likely Workers expected to use control measures every time (say PPE)

4 Likely Workers expected to adjust control measures every time

3 May happen Control measures may break down, e.g. machinery or other

workers not taking required action

2 Unlikely Multiple control measures where failure of one does not create

harm

1 Very unlikely Control measures unlikely to break down or be easily removed

Likelihood of harm:

Severity is the degree or

extent of injury or harm

caused by the hazards, or

as a result of an accident

Severity of harm:

Likelihood / Probability

of occurrence of an

accident or incident

or ill health

High (17-36) Review urgently required to determine whether the risk can be removed or reduced, or the controls

improved

Medium (8-16) Risks not acceptable, hazards and controls need investigation to consider reasonable practicable

improvements

Low (1-7) Acceptable

Risk Rating:


Example – Working at Height The probability of falling off an edge is more likely the closer you are working to it

Likelihood = X

Severity = Y

Likelihood = X+X

Severity = Y

Likelihood = X+X+X

Severity = Y

SEVERETY - unchanged


Safe system of work

“A safe system of work is a formal procedure (refer – Safety

Plan, Operation control procedures, general procedures)

which results from a systematic examination of the task in

order to identify all the hazards.

It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated

or risks minimised.”

Develop a safe system of work

1. Analyse the task

MEEP (Materials, Equipment and Plant, Environment, People)

2. Implement the system

3. Monitor the system


High risk activities including

Excavation

Hot work

Confined space entry

Live working

Hazardous areas

Maintenance operations

Pressurized systems

Permit to work

A PTW, part of safe system of work is a documented control system

requiring written confirmation that certain actions have been carried out

to eliminate or control the risks before a significant high risk activities.

PTW

• ------

• ------

HOT WORK Confined Space

Excavation Hazardous Energy



Format of a Permit to Work

Issue

Receipt

Clearance and return to

service

Cancellation

Extensions / Revalidation

Permit Issuer: One who is authorized to issue PTW, he must attend the required safety trainings and approved by Project Manager. Project / Site Engineer can be a PTW Issuer.

Permit Receiver: One who is authorized to

receive PTW, he must attend the required safety trainings and approved by Project Manager.

Foreman / Technician can be a PTW Receiver.


General Hierarchy of Control Measures The detailed management strategy identified in the principles of

prevention and is used specifically in the RISK ASSESSMENT to

decide the most effective measures in a particular situation.

The H&S measures should be considered in the following order of priority – a useful memory aide is : ERIC Prevents Death)


Eliminate the Hazards:

Eliminate the task, e.g.;

- Buying a readymade components instead of homemade

Eliminate the hazard, e.g.;

- Using water instead of solvent based paints,

- Using mechanical lifting instead of manual lifting.

Reduce the Risk:

- Using 110 V electrical equipment instead of 240 V,

- Substituting a solvent based adhesive with water based

adhesive.

- Making 2 loads of 25 kg instead of one load of 50kg.

Safe

Place

Safe

Person

Safe

Place

Safe

Person E R I C Prevents Death


Isolate the hazard and people

Isolate the hazard i.e. by enclosing or containing it. E.g.

- Guarding dangerous part of machine,

- Enclosing noisy part of machine,

Segregate the people i.e. keep the people away from the

hazard e.g.;

- Erecting barriers around excavation,

- Fitting guardrails to scaffolds,

Safe

Place

Safe

Person

Safe

Place

Safe



Control

Engineering control i.e. using engineering design to reduce the risks

e.g.

- Local exhaust ventilation to remove contamination,

- Using a RCD.

Changing work pattern or method e.g.; developing job rotation

systems to reduce exposure;

- Using noisy machine for short time only each day;

- Providing exclusion zones to reduce the number of person

exposed to a hazard;

Safe

Place

Safe

Person

Safe

Place

Safe



PPE: this is least effective means of controlling hazards

All other options should be considered first and should be arranged wherever possible PPE may then be used as a means of protecting from the risks that remain or

as a back up to the measured provided.

Giving priority to Collective protective measures over individual protective measures. E.g.;

-local exhaust ventilation systems rather provision of PPE (only)

Discipline: Discipline refers to the discipline of the individual workers to follow the system of work in place and their training. e.g.;

- Obtain compliance with rules and following procedures.

Safe

Place

Safe

Person

Safe

Place

Safe



7 STEPS TO MANAGING

SAFETY IN THE WORK

PLACE

7 STEPS TO MANAGING SAFETY.exe


Principle of Accident Prevention


PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVNETION

All accidents are caused they don’t just happen, if not

corrected the same type of accident will occur. All

accidents are preventable because they caused due to

1. PEOPLE (Human Failure in unsafe acts/ unsafe

conditions. )

2. MATERIAL

3. EQUIPMENT

4. ENVIRONMENT


Environment Temperature, Lighting,

Noise, Ventilation etc.

Materials, Equipment, Environment and People

People Systems

Training

Skills

Motivation

etc.

Equipment Design

Ergonomics

Maintenance

Inspections etc.

Materials Use

Handling

Storage

Transportation

Disposal etc.


The People – Be adequately trained and informed

Be competent

Adopt safe systems of work

Use PPE provided

Be aware of emergency procedures

Be aware of the safety policy and supporting procedures

The Equipment and Machine – Regular inspections by competent persons

No defective equipment to be used

Adequate service and maintenance

Records and reports maintained

Adequate guarding provisions

Proper handling, lifting & slinging

Secured plant when in use and parked

Hand tool inspection and maintenance


The working environment – Floors – clean, level, slip free, unobstructed

Stairs, gangways & platforms – guarded and maintained

Openings – edges & holes protected

Projections & obstacles – protected

Lighting – adequate

Material storage – safe stacking

Warning signs – suitable and sufficient

Ventilation – adequate

Waste – controlled accumulation

Escape routes – suitably identified

Safe systems of work – maintained

Emergency equipment – suitable, sufficient & persons

trained in use.


Information & Instruction:

An effective means to motivate the employees towards safety.

As multilingual, multicultural employees are with us, therefore verities of

communication media should be used to overcome language barriers

and the inability of some employees to read

IITS – Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision

Formal - Safety committees, audits,

inspections, Risk assessments,

training etc

Informal - On the job training, toolbox talks

Written - Minutes of meetings,

newsletters, memos

Verbal - Instructions, SSs of W, SOPs

Visual - Posters, safety signs, hazard

warnings on machinery, colour

coding


Training: A best techniques to motivate the employees towards safety for a positive H&S culture.

General Types of trainings:

1. Safety Induction Training

2. Daily / Weekly Tool Box Talk

3. Job Specific Training

4. 3rd Party Approved Safety Training

Training will give the employee a boost to his confidence while performing the task. Appropriate job skill & positive orientation of mind helps to reduce incident

rate.

Legal requirements – to inform significant workplace hazards and measures


Supervision

Accident trends can be strongly influenced by providing

adequate training and supervision to control the worker and

his environment.

An ideal Supervisor:

1. Follow general Duty of Care

2. Perform as per his Safety Responsibilities

3. Observe hazards in his area

4. Communicate Safety Measures to his

employees

5. Report accidents / incidents

6. Believe – Safety is a team work and it is

everybody responsibility


11 SAFETY PRINCIPLES FOR SUPERVISION

Plan safety into every job.

Anticipate the unexpected - Anticipate.

Identify hazards before an injury occurs.

Correct unsafe acts or conditions on the spot.

Discourage unsafe behaviors, Encourage Safe Behaviors!!

Promote incident reporting in the early stages.

Ensure employees have the proper tools for the job.

Ensure employees follow established safety procedures.

Conduct frequent safety inspections in the field.

Consult with your safety representative when necessary.

Give positive reinforcement for safe work.


Safety should be managed like other company function. Management

should direct the safety effort by setting achievable goals, by planning,

organizing and controlling to achieve them.

The key to effective line safety performance is management procedures

that fix accountability.

Basic Principle of Safety

Safety performance must be accurately measured. This measurement

must be proactive.

Safety is line management responsibility. Line managers / supervisors must

be held accountable for their group’ performance.

The organization must do whatever is necessary to ensure safety and

well being of its employee.


CONCLUSION

Let us analyze the hazards in

construction sites and take

necessary preventive HSE

measures to have a healthy, safe &

pollution free Project.

“Start Safe – Stay Safe”

Quiz 1. Safety policy must be authorised and signed by whom? – 1m

2. What are THREE good reasons to manage Health & Safety? - 3m

3. What is P-D-C-A Cycle? -4m

4. What are the FOUR major sources of Hazards? -4m

5. What is the single cause of accidents in construction sites, causing

approx 50% of all accidents? – 2m

6. What are FIVE Steps of Risk Assessments? -5m

7. What are general Hierarchy of Control? -5m Remember ERIC PD

8. T / F – PPE (Safety Helmets etc) should be given priorities over other

means of control. -2m

9. T / F – To reduce hazards 220V appliances should be replaced with

110V appliance. 2m

10. T / F – Public & Visitor must not required to be considered while Risk

Assessment. 2m

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SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview

Education