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nothing is the tradition of medical conduct more particularthan in reference to the treatment of medical brethren.

There is to be more than courtesy, a feeling of considerationand even self-sacrifice towards those with whom we are in pro-fessional relations. No amount of competition can excuseus from the cultivation of this spirit. Not even the want of

such a spirit in our neighbour, and perhaps our rival prac-titioner, can absolve us from the obligation of having and of

fostering it. It may seem a hard doctrine that we are to be

all that is generous even in dealing with a neighbour who isnot generous at all, and who is not himself very scrupulousin his methods. But it is even so; and in the long run weventure to say that such ethics will have the advantage ofthe opposite ones.We may be told that these are ethics for medical prac-

titioners, not for medical students. But still we are not

assigning to them the wrong place in putting them in theStudents’ Number of THE LANCET. The student cannot

know too soon the high principles which are expected ofhim, or too early begin to cultivate them. They can beexercised towards fellow-students as well as towards

fellow-practitioners, in the class-room and the dissecting-room as well as in the conflicts of practice. If anymedical student should find that the "manner of spirit"

"

which we have described is not his, let him try to makeit his. If he fails after due labour and effort, let him

reconsider his calling, and find one that will not be so

exacting as this profession of HIPPOCRATES.

THE EXAMINATION FOR THE CERTIFICATE INPSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE.

UPWARDS of forty qualified practitioners have availedthemselves of the opportunity now offered by the Medico-Psychological Association to display their knowledge of

mental disorders, with a view to treating them successfullyeither in private practice or as superintendents of publicasylums. On Lhe 6th of August, at a meeting of this Asso-ciation held in Edinburgh, under the presidency of Dr.CLOUSTON, a resolution was adopted agreeing to petitionthe General Medical Council to recognise and register cer-tificates of efficiency in psychological medicine granted bythe Association. It may not be inappropriate here to remindour student readers that the conditions respecting this

examination can be obtained on application, in England, toDr. RAYNER, Hanwell; in Scotland, to Dr. URQUHART,Murray’s Asylum, Perth ; and in Ireland to Dr. COURTENAY,Limerick.

A lecturer on Insanity at one of the Metropolitan Hos-pitals has forwarded us a printed prospectus, on which arefound the conditions for this examination, specimens of the

questions set, and also a table of the classification of mentaldiseases adopted by the Royal College of Physicians, whichis the only classification recognised by the Commissionersin Lunacy. This prospectus was distribated to thestudents of his class. It is an example we should liketo see followed by all teachers of this important branchof medicine. We trust that by again drawing attentionto the subject, the necessity for the study of mentaldiseases may be more generally acknowledged by theexamining bodies. i 1

SESSION 1888-89.

GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAND REGISTRATION OF THE UNITED

KINGDOM.

Registration of Medical Students.—The following- are theGeneral Medical Council’s Regulations in reference to theregistration of students in medicine :—

Every medical student shall be registered in the mannerprescribed by the General Medical Council. No medicalstudent shall be registered until lie has passed a preliminaryexamination as required by the General Medical Council,’and has produced evidence that he has commenced medicalstudy. The commencement of the course of professionalstudy recognised by any of the qualifying bodies shall nothe reckoned as dating earlier than fifteen days before thedate of registration. The registration of medical studentsshall be placed under the charge of the branch registrars.Each of the branch registrars shall keep a register ofmedical students according to a prescribed form, and shallenter therein the name, the preliminary examination anddate thereof, the date of registration, and the place and dateof commencement of medical study, as certified by a masteror a teacher, or an oflicial in a medical school or hospital.Every person desirous of being registered as a medical studentshall apply to the branch registrar of the division of theUnited Kingdom in which he is residing; and shall produceor forward to the branch registrar a certificate of his havingpassed a preliminary examination as required by the GeneralMedical Council, and evidence that he has commenced medicalstudy. The branch registrar shall enter the applicant’s nameand other particulars in the Students’ Register, and shall givehim a certificate of such registration. Each of the branchregistrars shall supply to the several qualifying bodies,medical schools, and hospitals, in that part of the UnitedKingdom of which he is registrar, a sufficient number ofblank forms of application for the registration of medicalstudents. The several Branch Councils—and in Englandthe Executive Committee, if its meeting Le more convenientand the case be urgent - have power to admit specialexceptions to the foregoing regulations as to registration,for reasons which shall appear to them satisfactory. Acopy of the Register of Medical Students, prepared by eachof the branch registrars, shall be transmitted on or beforeDecember 31st, in each year, to the registrar of the GeneralCouncil, who shall, as soon as possible thereafter, prepareand print, under the direction of the Executive Committee,an alphabetical list of all students registered in the precedingyear, and supply copies of such authorised list to each of thebodies enumerated in Schedule A to the Medical Act (1858),and through the branch registrars to the several medicalschools and hospitals. The several qualifying bodies arerecommended not to admit to the final examination for aqualification under the Medical Acts any candidate (notexempted from registration) whose name has not beenentered in the Medical Students’ Register at least forty-five months previously. In the case of candidates fromother than schools of the United Kingdom, the BranchCouncils—and in England the Executive Committee, if itsmeeting be more convenient and the case be urgent-have power to admit exceptions to this recommendation.The regulations for preliminary general education are asfollows --No person shall be allowed to be registered as a medical

student unless lie shall have previously passed (at one ormore examinations) a preliminary examination in the

subjects of general education as specified in the followinglist:—1. English Language, including Grammar and Composi-tion. 2. Latin, including Grammar, Translation from specifiedauthors, and Translatiun of easy passages not taken fromsuch authors. 3. Elements of Mathematics, comprising(a) Arithmetic, including Vulgar and Decimal Fractions ;(b) Algebra, including Simple Equations ; ( ) Geometry,including the first book of Euclid, with casy questions un

1 Exception may be made in the case of a student from any Indian,Colonial, or Foreign University or College, who shall have passed thematriculation or other equivalent examination of his Universitv orCollege, provided such examination fairly represents a standard ofgeneral education, equivalent to that required in this country.

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the subject-matter of the same. 4. Elementary Mechanicsof Solids and Fluids, comprising the Elements of Statics,Dynamics, and Hydrostatics. 5. One of the followingoptional subjects:-(a) Greek, (b) French, (c) German,(d) Italian, (e) any other Modern Language, (j) Logic,(g) Botany, (h) Zoology, (i) Elementary Chemistry .=’W. J. C. Miller, B.A., Ilegistrar of the General Council

and of the Branch Council for England, 299, Oxford-street,London, W.—James Robertson, Registrar of the BranchCouncil for Scotland, 1, George-square, Edinburgh.-R. L.Heard, M.D., Registrar of the Branch Council for Ireland,35, Dawson-street, Dublin.

REGULATIONSOF THE

MEDICAL EXAMINING BOARDS IN THEUNITED KINGDOM.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

There are two degrees in Medicine, B.M. and D.M., andtwo degrees in Surgery, B.Ch., and M.Ch., and a diploma inPublic Health.The B.M. and B.Ch. degrees are granted to those

members of the University who have passed the SecondExamination. Graduates in Arts (B.A. or M.A.) are aloneeligible for these two degrees. After the degree of B.A. isobtained, the degrees of B. M. and B.Ch. may be obtained bypassing the following examinations : - 1. Preliminary.2. Professional. (a) First Examination: Subjects-OrganicChemistry, unless the candidate has obtained a first or second-class in Chemistry in the Natural Science School ; HumanPhysiology, unless he has obtained a first or second class inAnimal Physiology in the Natural Science School; HumanAnatomy. (b) Second Examination : Subjects-Medicine,.Surgery, Midwifery, Pathology, Forensic Medicine withHygiene, and Materia Medica with Pharmacy.The degree of D.M. is granted to Bachelors of Medicine of

the University-( 1 ) who took the degree of B.M. previouslyto the end of Trinity Term, 1886, provided they have spentthree years in the practice of Medicine after taking thatdegree, and have composed a dissertation on some medical. subject approved by the Regius Professor of Medicine, beforewhom it must be read in public; (2) who took the degree ofB. M. subsequently to the end of Trinity Term, 1886, providedthey have entered their thirty-ninth term and have com-posed on some medical subject a dissertation which is.approved by the professors in the Faculty of Medicine andexaminers for the degree of B.M. whose subject is dealtwith. A book published within two years of the candidate’sapplication for the degree may be substituted for a disserta-tion. The degree of M. Ch. is granted to Bachelors of Surgeryof the University who have entered their twenty-seventhterm, who are members of the surgical staff of a recognisedhospital, or have acted as Dresser or House Surgeon insuch a hospital for six months, and who have passed an. examination in Surgery, Surgical Anatomy, and SurgicalOperations. The diploma in Public Health is granted only to Bachelors

of Medicine of the University who have passed an examina-tion in Hygiene, Sanitary Law, Sanitary Engineering, andVital Statistics.The First Examination for the degrees of B. M. and B. Ch.

.and the Examination in Materia Medica and Pharmacy maybe passed as soon as the Preliminary Examination in Medicinehas been completed. Organic Chemistry may be taken ona separate occasion, but before Human Physiology and Ana-tomy. The two last-named subjects must be taken together.For exemptions see ante.The Second Examination may be taken after the com-

pletion of the first. Materia Medica and Pharmacy, if not.-already passed, may be offered on a separate occasion, butbefore the remaining subjects, which must be taken together.The Professional Examinations in Medicine are held once

.a year in Trinity Term, the second before the first.Instruction in the subject-matter of Responsions, Modera-

tions, and the various literary schools is given by the tutors

2 In the case of students in Universities with a prolonged curriculum,where the examination in Mechanics required for their degree is takenat a more advanced period of study than before commencing medicaleducation, registration can be effected only on having passed theexamination in Mechanics, but their registration maybe then antedatedto the period at which the Preliminary was passed.

and lecturers of the Colleges and Halls. In Natural Science,the professors of the University and their assistants deliverregular courses of lectures and conduct classes for practicalinstruction in the laboratories of the Museum and BotanicGarden in each term. In addition, several Colleges possesstutors in Science, and in two or three instances laboratoriesas well. In Medicine, instruction in Organic Chemistry isgiven once a year. Physiology, Physiological Chemistry, andHistology are taught by the Waynflete Professor of Physiologyand his assistants; Human Anatomy by the University lec-turer in that subject, under whose control is placed thedepartment for dissection. Provision for the teaching ofMateria Medica is being made. Instruction and demonstra-tions in Physical Diagnosis and Regional Anatomy are givenin each term at the Radcliffe Infirmary. Clinical lecturesin Medicine and Surgery are also delivered by the two Lich-field lecturers of the University, a physician and a surgeonof the infirmary respectively; but as full provision does notexist for the teaching of the subjects for the Second Pro-fessional Examination (except Materia Medica), itis necessaryfor a student to obtain his knowledge elsewhere. TheRadcliffe Library at the Museum contains a vast collectionof scientific and medical literature, available for study andconsultation by students.

Scholarships, &c. —Scholarships in some branch of NaturalScience (Chemistry, Physics, Biology) of the average annualvalue of £80 per annum, tenable for four years and renew-able under certain conditions for a fifth year, as well asExhibitions of a less annual value, are awarded after com-

petitive examination, every year by some, from time totime by other, Colleges. Notices of vacancy &c. are publishedin the University Gazette. In February there is competedfor annually, by those who have obtained a first class in anyschool (Moderations or Final), or a Scholarship or Prize opento general competition in the University, one RadcliffeTravelling Fellowship. It is tenable for three years, and isof the annual value of :jE200. The examination is partlyscientific, partly medical. The holder must travel abroad forthe purpose of medical study, and take the degree of B.M.Oxon. A Rolleston Memorial Prize is awarded once in twoyears to members of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridgeof not more than ten years’ standing for an original researchin some Biological subject, including Physiology or Pathology.More detailed information may be obtained from the

University Calendar; the Examination Statutes, 1887,which contain the official schedules of the several subjectsof examination in both Arts and Medicine; from theStudent’s Handbook to the University; from the RegiusProfessor of Medicine ; from the Professors in the severaldepartments; and from the Sub-Librarian in the RadcliffeLibrary at the Museum.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The student must enter at one of the Colleges, or as anon-collegiate student, and keep terms for three years byresidence in the University. He must pass the PreviousExamination in Classics and Mathematics, which may, andshould if possible, be done immediately on coming intoresidence in October, or, which is best, obtain exemptionthrough the Oxford and Cambridge Schools ExaminationBoard or the Local Examinations, before commencing resi-dence. He may then devote himself to medical study inthe University, attending the hospital and the medicallectures, dissecting, &c. Or he may proceed to take a degreein Arts, either continuing mathematical and classical studyand passing the ordinary examinations for B.A., or goingout in one of the Honour Triposes. The Natural SciencesTripos is the most appropriate, as the subjects are practicallythe same as those for the first and second M. B. examinations.For the degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.) five years

of medical study are required. This time may be spent inCambridge or elsewhere. The first three or four years areusually spent in Cambridge, the student remaining in theUniversity till he has passed (say) the examination for theNatural Sciences Tripos and the first and second examina-tions for M.B. Cambridge being now a complete School ofMedicine, all the requisite lectures and hospital practicemay be attended here, and many students remain to attendlectures and hospital practice until they have passed thefirst part of the third examination for M.B. The supply ofsubjects for Dissection and Practical Surgery is unusuallyabundant.There are three examinations for M.B. The first in