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Introduction
Presented by: Lucy WARUINGI
Authors: Lucy Waruingi, David Western, Jeff Worden, John Kamanga, Godfrey Masinde
African Conservation Centre, Nairobi. KENYA
Approaches for CBA in Pastoral communities
5th International Conference on Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change, Dhaka
Bangladesh. March 2011
The South Rift
Principle of Co-existence
We do not inherit the land from our ancestors, we borrow it from our
children
- Maasai Proverb
Outline
1. Pastoralism, coexistence
2. Vulnerability of the rangelands
3. Building adaptive capacity • Rangeland resilience - Productivity• Pastoral livelihoods - Diversification• Local institutions - Governance
4. From Pilot to Practice
Semi-arid savannah landscape with a livestock driven economy in low rainfall zone (<250mm p.a.)
1.Mobility - The Maasai move their livestock through seasonal migrations and habitat selection.
2.Coexistence with wildlife – Maasai traditionally viewed wildlife as their second cattle
Pastoral livelihoods
The modern challenges of:1. Sedenterization2. Fragmented landscapes 3. Reduced mobility 4. Grazing pressure. 5. Landuse 6. Climate Change
Vulnerability of Rangelands
Land Use
Climate
Change
Human Population
Environmental Drivers
Building Adaptive Capacity
Rangeland Resilience
Pastoral Livelihoods
Local Institutions
Building Adaptive Capacity
Rangeland Resilience• Establishing grass banks
• Reafforestation
• Resource use planning
• Improved cattle breeds
• Indigenous knowledge to support
traditional systems of grazing and
pasture management
Building Adaptive Capacity
Pastoral LivelihoodsInnovative conservation mechanisms that provide financial incentives
•Ecotourism businessesLodges and campsCultural home staysBeadwork
•Research tourism•Bio-enterprises: bee keeping, aloe plantations
•Energy saving stove (one-kuni)This has resulted in increased biodiversity, enhanced the value of ecosystem services and diversified incomes of pastoral communities
Building Adaptive Capacity
Local Institutions
1. To build ownership and sustainability of programs2. To ensure equitable sharing of resources3. For accountability and transparency4. For engaging with stakeholders and partners
-- SORALO – South Rift Association of LandOwners and their local leadership who oversee the developments in communally owned group ranches and an action-by-doing approach
-- Local government
Local Institutions
Community Resource Centres- Integrated learning1. Formation of Community Learning networks –
knowledge exchange, data/information storage and exchange
2. Community Resource Assessors – the resource owners are the investigators
3. Community based Science – what information does the community want
Moving Forward....
From PILOT to PRACTICE
Geographic scale –to create adequate grass banks, improved breeds to support the livestock base Governance -- Form the communities into co-operatives (scaling up from associations),to ensure that proper benefit sharing mechanisms are established and extension servicesKnowledge – two way process to enable integration of scientific and local true-tested knowledge and practiceMarket access – link up with established outlets for uptakeof tourism, livestock and bio-enterprise products developedPractice to Policy – engaging local govt and central govt
Resilience of land enhanced adaptive capacity of pastoral livelihoods
THANK YOU