Session 2: Introduction to Biblical Theology

PROJECT

DATE LOCATION30TH SEP, 2013 SBTC

INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL THEOLOGY SESSION TWO: MONOTHEISM, COVENANT AND ESCHATOLOGY

TUTOR JON SWALESSaturday, 28 September 13

BIBLICAL THEOLOGY: EXPLORATIONS AND STRUCTURE

Saturday, 28 September 13

Genesis 12:1–3 (ESV)1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. 2 And I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”





KEY TEXT




KEY TEXT

KEY WORDS




KEY TEXT

KEY WORDS

MONOTHEISM, ELECTION, ESCHATOLOGY




KEY TEXT

THE CREATOR GOD CALLED ISRAEL TO BE A BLESSING TO THE WORLD

KEY WORDS





KEY TEXT


KEY WORDS


KEY SENTENCE




KEY TEXT


KEY WORDS


KEY SENTENCE


Monotheism


MonotheismDeuteronomy 4:35 (ESV), see also 4:49; 32:2935 To you it was shown, that you might know that the Lord is God (hb: elohim gk: theos); there is no other besides him.



Exodus 15:11

“Who is like you, O Lord, among the gods? Who is like you, majestic in holiness, awesome in glorious deeds, doing wonders? Exodus 20:3

“You shall have no other gods before me.

Deuteronomy 10:17

For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, the mighty, and the awesome God, who is not partial and takes no bribe.

Psalm 29:1

Ascribe to the Lord, O heavenly beings, ascribe to the Lord glory and strength.

Psalm 82:1

God has taken his place in the divine council; in the midst of the gods he holds judgment:



PROBLEM!? MORE THAN ONE ELOHIM IN THE OT

Exodus 15:11

“Who is like you, O Lord, among the gods? Who is like you, majestic in holiness, awesome in glorious deeds, doing wonders? Exodus 20:3

“You shall have no other gods before me.

Deuteronomy 10:17

For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, the mighty, and the awesome God, who is not partial and takes no bribe.

Psalm 29:1

Ascribe to the Lord, O heavenly beings, ascribe to the Lord glory and strength.

Psalm 82:1

God has taken his place in the divine council; in the midst of the gods he holds judgment:


ELOHIM IN THE OLD TESTAMENT


•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)



•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)•Gods of foreign nations (1 Kings 11:33)



•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)•Gods of foreign nations (1 Kings 11:33)•Demons Deut 32:17



•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)•Gods of foreign nations (1 Kings 11:33)•Demons Deut 32:17•Disembodied Human Dead (1 Sam 28:13)



•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)•Gods of foreign nations (1 Kings 11:33)•Demons Deut 32:17•Disembodied Human Dead (1 Sam 28:13)•Angels (Gen 35:7)



•Heavenly Council: loyal and disloyal (Psa 82,89, Deut 32:8-9)•Gods of foreign nations (1 Kings 11:33)•Demons Deut 32:17•Disembodied Human Dead (1 Sam 28:13)•Angels (Gen 35:7) •Kings (Psalm 45:8?)





Hurtado “[Monotheism is] the belief that one Deity is universally supreme and categorically unique from all other 'heavenly or 'divine' beings, and that worship is properly to be given solely to this one Deity, with worship of any other being regarded as idolatry”




YHWH IS AN ELOHIM, BUT NO OTHER ELOHIMS = YHWH





SOLUTION: NOT ONTOLOGICAL/GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

YHWH IS AN ELOHIM, BUT NO OTHER ELOHIMS = YHWH



MonotheismCreational


MonotheismCreational


MonotheismCreational yhwh (יהוה)


MonotheismCreational yhwh (יהוה)Tetragrammaton


MonotheismCreational yhwh (יהוה)Tetragrammaton6000x in OT


MonotheismCreational yhwh (יהוה)Tetragrammaton6000x in OTReplaced by adonay (my Lord), elohim


MonotheismCreational yhwh (יהוה)Tetragrammaton6000x in OTReplaced by adonay (my Lord), elohim10th Century Masoretic Text (vowels)



Y A H O W A H



Y A H O W A H

NT: 741X 14X NT USES OT KURIOS/YHWH TEXTS



Y A H O W A H

LXX: KURIOS NT: 741X 14X NT USES OT KURIOS/YHWH TEXTS



Y A H O W A H

LXX: KURIOS

IN REF TO GOD: Rom. 4.7-8; 9.27-29; 11.34; 15.9-11; 1 Cor. 3.20; 2 Cor. 6.18.




Y A H O W A H

LXX: KURIOS

IN REF TO GOD: Rom. 4.7-8; 9.27-29; 11.34; 15.9-11; 1 Cor. 3.20; 2 Cor. 6.18.

IN REF TO JESUS Rom. 10.13; 14.11; 1 Cor. 1.31; 1 Cor. 2.16; 10.26; 2 Cor. 10.17; 2 Tim. 2.19



yhwh (יהוה)


yhwh (יהוה)Exodus 3:12–15 (ESV)12 He said, “But I will be with you, and this shall be the sign for you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain.” 13 Then Moses said to God, “If I come to the people of Israel and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what shall I say to them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I am who I am. ehyeh ʾašer ʾehyeh” And he said, “Say this to the people of Israel, ‘I am ( haya) sent me to you.’ ” 15 God also said to Moses, “Say this to the people of Israel, ‘The Lord (YHWH), the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and thus I am to be remembered throughout all generations.


yhwh (יהוה)

I AM WHO I AM, I AM WHAT I AM, OR I WILL BE WHAT I WILL BE

Exodus 3:12–15 (ESV)12 He said, “But I will be with you, and this shall be the sign for you, that I have sent you: when you have brought the people out of Egypt, you shall serve God on this mountain.” 13 Then Moses said to God, “If I come to the people of Israel and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ what shall I say to them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I am who I am. ehyeh ʾašer ʾehyeh” And he said, “Say this to the people of Israel, ‘I am ( haya) sent me to you.’ ” 15 God also said to Moses, “Say this to the people of Israel, ‘The Lord (YHWH), the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and thus I am to be remembered throughout all generations.


MonotheismCreationalyhwh (יהוה)


MonotheismCreationalyhwh (יהוה)

Exodus 34:6–7 (ESV)6 The Lord (YHWH) passed before him and proclaimed, “The Lord (YHWH), the Lord (YHWH), a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love (hesed) and faithfulness, 7 keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin.....’

Exodus 34:6, Numbers 14:18, Neh 9:17, Psalm 86:15, 103:8; 145:8; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2, Neh 1:3




KEY TEXT


KEY WORDS


KEY SENTENCE




KEY TEXT


KEY WORDS


KEY SENTENCE


1.Return from Exile2.Renewed and Abundant Prosperity3.Messianic Figure4.Renewed Covenant and Outpouring of Spirit5.Building a New Temple6.Return of YHWH to ZIon7.Future of Nations8.Climatic Period of Tribulation/Suffering9.Defeat of Satan10.Final Judgement

OLAM HA-BA OLAM HA-ZEH



Eschatology ‘Hope of Israel’ Choose two groups of texts from the ‘Hope of Israel’ primary source document. Read these biblical and second temple texts slowly and carefully.

What do these texts tell us about Jewish hope?Does Jesus fulfill this hope?


Inaugurated Kingdom


1 CORINTHIANS 10:11 (ESV)

11 NOW THESE THINGS HAPPENED TO THEM AS AN EXAMPLE, BUT THEY WERE WRITTEN DOWN FOR OUR INSTRUCTION, ON WHOM THE END OF THE AGES HAS

COME.

Inaugurated Kingdom




COME.

Inaugurated Kingdom




COME.

Inaugurated Kingdom


Mark 13:24–27 (ESV)24 “But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, 25 and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken. 26 And then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. 27 And then he will send out the angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.

Matthew 13:47–5047 “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was thrown into the sea and gathered fish of every kind. 48 When it was full, men drew it ashore and sat down and sorted the good into containers but threw away the bad. 49 So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come out and separate the evil from the righteous 50 and throw them into the fiery furnace. In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

Matthew 19:28–3028 Jesus said to them, “Truly, I say to you, in the new world, when the Son of Man will sit on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or lands, for my name’s sake, will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many who are first will be last, and the last first.

Futurist (Not Yet)Kingdom


Realised Eschatology?


Mark 1:14–15 (ESV)(Mark 1:15 par.; Matt 3:2; 10:7;

Luke 10:9, 11),

14 Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee,

proclaiming the gospel of God, 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled,

and the kingdom of God is engizō; repent and believe in the

gospel.”




Luke 10:9, 11),




gospel.”




Luke 10:9, 11),




gospel.”

has come near/is at handusage elsewhere, also Matt 21:34 ‘when the season for fruits engizō ‘drew near.’LXX Isaiah 50:8, 51:5, 56:1



LUKE 17:20–21 (ESV)20 BEING ASKED BY THE PHARISEES WHEN THE KINGDOM OF GOD WOULD COME, HE ANSWERED THEM, “THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS

NOT COMING IN WAYS THAT CAN BE OBSERVED, 21 NOR WILL THEY SAY, ‘LOOK, HERE IT IS!’ OR ‘THERE!’ FOR BEHOLD, THE KINGDOM

OF GOD IS IN THE MIDST OF YOU.”

LUKE 17:20–21 (NIV84)20 ONCE, HAVING BEEN ASKED BY THE PHARISEES WHEN THE

KINGDOM OF GOD WOULD COME, JESUS REPLIED, “THE KINGDOM OF GOD DOES NOT COME WITH YOUR CAREFUL OBSERVATION, 21

NOR WILL PEOPLE SAY, ‘HERE IT IS,’ OR ‘THERE IT IS,’ BECAUSE THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS WITHIN YOU. (ENTOS HYMŌN ESTIN)”

PROBLEM

REALISED ESCHATOLOGY?


LUKE 11:20 (ESV)/MAT 12:2820 BUT IF IT IS BY THE FINGER OF GOD THAT I CAST OUT DEMONS, THEN THE KINGDOM

OF GOD HAS COME UPON YOU.



EXODUS 8:18–19 (ESV)18 THE MAGICIANS TRIED BY THEIR SECRET ARTS TO PRODUCE GNATS, BUT THEY

COULD NOT. SO THERE WERE GNATS ON MAN AND BEAST. 19 THEN THE MAGICIANS SAID TO PHARAOH, “THIS IS THE FINGER OF GOD.” BUT PHARAOH’S HEART WAS

HARDENED, AND HE WOULD NOT LISTEN TO THEM, AS THE LORD HAD SAID.

LUKE 11:20 (ESV)/MAT 12:2820 BUT IF IT IS BY THE FINGER OF GOD THAT I CAST OUT DEMONS, THEN THE KINGDOM

OF GOD HAS COME UPON YOU.



Matthew 11:2–6 (ESV)2 Now when John heard in prison about the deeds of the Christ, he sent word by his disciples 3 and said to him, “Are you the one who is to come, or shall we look for another?” 4 And Jesus answered them, “Go and tell John what you hear and see: 5 the blind receive their sight and the lame walk, lepers are cleansed and the deaf hear, and the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them. 6 And blessed is the one who is not offended by me.”


Matthew 13:16–17 (ESV)16 But blessed are your eyes, for they see, and your ears, for they hear. For truly, I say to you, many prophets and righteous people longed to see what you see, and did not see it, and to hear what you hear, and did not hear it


Inaugurated Eschatology


Inaugurated Eschatology• PRESENCE OF THE FUTURE• PREVIEW OF THE FUTURE IN THE PRESENT• NOW-NOT YET• ESCHATOLOGICAL TENSION






In groups of two or three:

• Take turns explaining what you think the term ‘inaugurated eschatology’ means.

• Answer the following: Does inaugurated eschatology make sense of your own experience?

5 Minute Plenary Task


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Session 2: Introduction to Biblical Theology

Education