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Session 5 :E-PRTR
QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Iksan van der Putte
E-PRTR Regulation (EC 166/2006)
Quality assuranceOperators are responsible for the quality of the information that they report.
•completeness,
•consistency
•credibility
E-PRTR data inclusion in
EMAS or ISO 14001 is possible
Competent authorities have to assess quality and Commission coordinates quality assurance and assessment
ValidationTool ?
The Commission will deliver an appropriate validation tool in due time
to the Member Statesin order to facilitate the transfer of the data.
Credibility
Credibility refers to the authenticity, reliability, comparibility and transparency of the data
The competent authorities have the duty to assess the quality of information provided by the operators
In order to ensure the quality of the data reported, facilities may wish to take the information provided in the IPPC monitoring BREF into account
IPPC Monitoring BREFThe main quality considerations may include: •Traceability of the measurements’ results to a reference specified by the competentauthorities, this includes calibration of the monitoring system when relevant. •Maintenance of the monitoring system. •For self-monitoring, the use of recognised Quality Management Systems and periodic checks by an external Accredited laboratory. •Certification of instruments and personnel under recognised certification schemes. •Updating of monitoring requirements
Monitoring data production chain
consists of the following seven steps:
1. Flow measurement.2. Sampling.3. Storage, transport and preservation of the sample.4. Sample treatment.5. Sample analysis.6. Data processing.7. Reporting of data.The practical value of the measurements and the monitoring data depends on the degree of confidence, i.e. reliability, that can be placed on the results, and their validity when compared to other results from other plants, i.e. comparability. Therefore, it is important to ensure theappropriate reliability and comparability of the data.
Shematic of quality of emission data
DATA VERIFICATION/Validation/Management
Ref. MonitoringAnalyze duplicate or split samplesInspecting the laboratories that are analyzing samplesInspecting the regulated entities, including their sampling and analyzingproceduresRandom, unprogrammed check monitoring
Data Management: electronic or hard copy filing
Competent authorities have to assess quality……..
R
Ref. ReportingTimelinessUniformity formatCompletenessReliability
Reporting Information Flow
Monitoring
RIEW
EC Commission
RIEW
Annual report
(aggregated)
BEEA
Annual report
(aggregated)
Commission IPPC review
EIONet
EPER/PRTR
Art 15.3 IPPC
Art 7 PRTR
Enterprise
annual report
(detailed)
Non IPPC
Registration
Ambient Monitoring
ExEA
MOEW
EC
database
Art 16.1+3
EEA
Example Bulgaria
RIEW: Regional Inspectorate for Environment and WaterMOEW: Ministry of Environment and WaterExEA: Executive Environment Agency; EEA: European Environment Agency
• An intelligent form (100+ pages)
– Many checks and balances
The e-MJV system: ELECTRONIC ANNUAL REPORTING
• A central database with the historical and new data
• A web-site (public and non-public part) to:
– Give user support (additional helpdesk)
– Reporting of data (to spreadsheets)
– Reporting of status information
Example the NETHERLANDS
Technology used • Disconnected tax-form
– Visual Basic application on CD or download
• Synchronising via internet
– XML, Soap toolkit, 128 bit encryption, SSL
• Oracle database
– Hosting in subnet, at least three components (firewalls) between internet and the (Oracle) database
• Authentication via login, password and pin-code
– (ldap) Verisign certification (comparable with financial transactions)
Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep.
Data layer
Www.rivm.mnp.nlI-Planet ent. Webserver
HP UX
DotNet + IIS
Internet
Presentation layer
Oracle DBMS
The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)The four components of the Dutch Environmental eMJV)
Application layer
Company (700 in the Netherlands),• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application• Receives a letter with username, password, pincode • After installing the application connects with the central database• Receives the historical data • Uses the VB-application to fills in the form• Sends the current year to the central database
128 bit SSL, HTTPS
128 bit SSL, HTTPS, SOAP, XML
Oracleopslag
(Local) authorities and supporting organisations (200 in the Netherlands)• Receives CD with a Visual Basic application, an username, password, pincode • After installing this application connects with the central database• Receives the historical data and the forms of this year of the companies under their authority• Use the same VB-application to judge the information, they can approve, ask for changes etc.• All communications goes via the central database
1. A Visual Basic client applicationcommunicating directlywith the central database
2. Web-services(for non anonymous use) and a central database
3. A non anonymous secure website
128 bit SSL, HTTPS, SOAP, XML
For reporting, status information, Up- and downloads of XML files and CSV-files, FAQ list
4. A public website
For general informationInternet
Internet
HTTP
Example the NETHERLANDS: Electr. Ann. Rep./ eMJV)
Win 2000
Storage
Physical infrastructure
Identification & Authentication
Blue
Blackt
Red
UNIX
Reverse Proxy
(iChain)
LDAP
Data layer
Www.rivm.mnp.nlI-Planet ent. Webserver
HP UX
www.emjv.nl/beveiligd DotNet
+ IIS
Internet
Presentation layer
Oracle DBMS
ICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJVICT architectuur of the Dutch Environmental eMJV
Non-anonymous internet zone
Application layerCisco PIX firewall • IP filtering
Tunix firewall•application filtering (HTTP)•application logging•anti spoofing mechanisme•loggen of source-routed pakketten
Companies,(Local) authorities,supporting organisations
FO/ I,Deloitte & Touche
HTTP HTTP
HTTP
SSL, HTTP
SSL
HTTP
PIX firewall
VPN,LDAP authorisation
www.rivm.nlIplanet ent. webserver
SUN/UX
Oracle
•Caching•SSL en/decoding•Tokens / certif.
Cisco PIX firewall • IP filtering•only known ports
For authentication
Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) principles under EU ETS scheme
Completeness (all sources in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC)Consistency (comparable over time;same methods)Cost effectiveness (highest achievable accuracy, no excessive costs)
Faithfulness (verified emission report is true in what it should represent)Improvement of performance in monitoring and reporting emissions
(Verified emission report should lead to better performance in M&R)Transparency (in obtaining, recording, compiling,analysing and
documenting of data for verifier and CA)Trueness (with appropriate monitoring methodologies and assessment
of uncertainties)
Example ETS enforcement system in the Netherlands
MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY
6.5 mg/Nm3 alone gives no indication of the range of possible concentrations.
6.5 ± 0.3mg/Nm3 clearly defines the range of possible concentrations.
the “true” concentration would be likely to lie within the range 6.2 – 6.8 mg/Nm3 with a defined degree of confidence, typically 95% for which it can be assumed that 95times out of 100 the result would be within those bounds
LCP Directive ANNEX VIII- Methods of measurements of emissions
From 27 November 2002 and without prejudice to Article 18(2)Competent authorities shall require continuous measurements of concentrations of SO2, NOx, and dust from waste gases from each combustionplant with a rated thermal input of 100 MW or more.
QUALITY
The values of the 95 % confidence intervals of a single measured resultshall not exceed the following percentages of the emission limit values:Sulphur dioxide 20 %Nitrogen oxides 20 %Dust 30 %
Any day in which more than three hourly average values are invalid dueto malfunction or maintenance of the continuous measurement systemshall be invalidated. If more than ten days over a year are invalidatedfor such situations the competent authority shall require the operator totake adequate measures to improve the reliability of the continuous monitoringsystem.
ANNEX VIII A.6
Directives: LCPD, WIDThe Directives define the requirements for monitoring of large combustion plant and waste incineration plant.
The directives place requirements on the use of CENstandard methods where these exist.
If relevant CEN standards do not exist then a hierarchy of standards may be used, with preference for ISO or other Internationally recognised standards, followed by National Standards, such as those produced byBSI, VDI, ASTM or the US EPA, and finally other methods
Standard Reference Methods for Monitoring
Standard reference methods have been developed by CEN and ISO, which addressall of the determinants covered by the LCDP and WID. These include
Particulates (Total dust)Low levels < 50 mg/m3 EN 13284-1High levels > 50 mg/m3 ISO 9096Nitrogen oxides EN 14792Carbon monoxide EN 15058Sulphur dioxide EN 14791Total organic carbon EN 12619Hydrogen chloride EN 1911Hydrogen fluoride ISO 15713Oxygen EN 14789Water vapour EN 14790
Standard Reference ConditionsOxygenThe combustion of a carbon-based fuel consumes oxygen. The 21% oxygen content present in the combustion air that is fed to a furnace will be depleted to some lower level in the exhaust gas. The interpretation clause of IPPC licenses typically require emission data to be reported at reference oxygen conditions that are defined according the fuel type, for example:_ Gas and liquid fuels 3% ref O2_ Solid fuels 6% ref O2_ Waste incineration 11% ref O2_ Other fuels (e.g. fume thermal oxidiser):- The application of reference oxygenconditions will be determined on a case-by-case basis.
_ Emissions from all sources: Temperature 273.15K, Pressure 101.325kPa
CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMSCEMS SYSTEMS
Continuous Emission Monitoring System consists of:
1. system for automatic measuring
systems for measuring and monitoring
AMS – Automated Measuring System
2. system for automatic evaluation
systems for the calculation of emissions
AES – Automated Evaluation System
AMS
AES
Data
Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIAEnergy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006
EU DIRECTIVES REQUIRE UNIFORM OPERATIONAL MONITORING INSIDE THE EU
for Automated Measuring Systems requirements are very complex
selection of AMS is left to the user existing level of AMS in EU, and also inside the EU
member states, is very different to improve and to uniform the emission measuring inside
EU, CEN has prepared and published a new standard: EN 14181:2004 Stationary source emissions,
Quality assurance of automated measuring systems.
induced by: EU directive 2001/80/EC: On the limitation of emissions of certain
pollutants into the air from large combustion plants - LCPD EU directive 2000/76/EC: On the incineration of waste - WID
EN 14181 IS EUROPEAN QA STANDARD
FOR AUTOMATIC MEASURING EQUIPMENT
EN 14181 defines three so called quality assurance levels (QAL) andan annual surveillance test (AST) for automatic emission monitors:
QAL 1: Requirement for use of automatic measuring equipment thathas had its suitability tested (The QAL 1 test complies with EN ISO 14956);
QAL 2: Installation of automatic measuring device (AMS),calibration of AMS using the standard reference measuring method (SRM), determination of measuring uncertainty/variability of AMS andcheck for observance of present measuring uncertainties;
QAL 3: Continuous quality assurance by the operator(drift and precision of the AMS, verification on control card);
AST: Annual surveillance test including SRM measurementto check the uncertainty of the AMS values.
EN 14181 FOUR LEVELS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
Level Application Data required
QAL 1
Suitability of equipment Performance evaluations Uncertainty calculations
QAL 2
Correctly installed, calibrated and functional
Reference tests Functionality checks Calibration function Variability test Uncertainty calculations
QAL 3
Stability of performance Zero drift Span drift
AST Annual calibration and functionality test
see QAL 2 “small” calibration
EN 14181SIMPLIFIED
QAL 3
AST
SuitabilityTest
InstallationCalibration
Continuous Testing
Producer Operator Operator
QAL 1 QAL 2 Annual Testing
EN 14181 SIMPLIFIED 2
QAL 3
InstrumentCertification
Calibration On-going QAZero and Span
Time
QAL 2QAL 1
PurchaseInstallation
Linearity CheckCalibration Check
AST
1 YearEN 14956
prEN 15267-3Certification
of AMS
Illustration of ranges appropriate for QAL1 testing.
CEMS SYSTEM IN TE-TOL, SLOVENIATERMOELEKTRARNA TOPLARNA LJUBLJANA
PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE
OPTICAL LINK250 m
REMOTE WORKPLACE
PC WITH EMIDATEREMOTE
MODEM
PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE
PHONE LINE
LABORATORY KPV
PROFIBUSSTANDARD CABLE
200 m
INTERNET-LINK
LOCATION:DIMNIK
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
OLM
AMS 1
LOCATION:K3
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
AMS 2
LOCATION:K1,K2
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
AMS 3
LOCATION:VKLM1,VKLM2,BKG1,BKG2
ET 200M
DATA ACQUISITION
EXPANSION POSSIBLE
OLM
PC WITH EMIDATESERVER
MODEM
ROOM 111
PC WITH EMIDATECLIENT
ETHERNET
COMMAND ROOM
TES – SYSTEM TETOL
ETHERNET
EXPANSION POSSIBLE
DISPLAY Šubičeva ulica, LJUBLJANA
DISPLAY Zaloška cesta, LJUBLJANA
30 m
www.te-tol.si/zacetek.htm
Ref.Dr. Jurij Čretnik, RACI d.o.o., SLOVENIAEnergy Community Treaty to SEE Kosovo Seminar 2006
Chemiluminescence Analysers
Chemiluminescence is the emission of lightenergy that results from a chemical reaction.It was found in the late 1960s that thereaction of NO and ozone (O3) producedinfrared radiation from about 500 to 3000nm.Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) does not undergothis reaction and must be reduced to NObefore it can be measured by this method.
Most commercial analysers contain aconverter that catalytically reduces NO2 toNO. The NO (converted from NO2) plus theoriginal NO in the sample is then reactedwith O3 as described above to give a totalNO + NO2 (NOx) reading.
Surrogate parameters for checking monitoring systems
(b) qualitative surrogatesthe temperature of the combustion chamber of a thermal incinerator and the residence time (or flow rate)- the temperature of the catalyst in a catalytic incinerator-the measurement of CO or total VOC of the flue gas from an incinerator
(c) indicative surrogates.temperature of the gas flow from a condenser-pressure drop, flow rate, pH and humidity of a compost filtration unit- pressure drop and visual inspection of a fabric filter