Urban Infrastructure Provision and Urban Infrastructure Provision and Management Master’s ProgrammeManagement Master’s Programme

Week-3Week-3

Session-5Session-5

Strategic Principal of Strategic Principal of InfrastructureInfrastructure

Institute of Urban Development Studies

RecapRecap

By InstructorBy Instructor

Session ObjectivesSession Objectives

By the end of session Participants will be By the end of session Participants will be able to:able to:

define the principle of reducing define the principle of reducing consumption of resources in urban consumption of resources in urban infrastructure management.infrastructure management.

Concept of eco-efficiencyConcept of eco-efficiency

The concept of eco-efficiency (ecological The concept of eco-efficiency (ecological efficiency) was initially developed by the efficiency) was initially developed by the World Business Council on Sustainable World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) at the beginning Development (WBCSD) at the beginning of the ‘90s in an attempt to overcome of the ‘90s in an attempt to overcome the apparent conflict between economic the apparent conflict between economic and environmental objectivesand environmental objectives

Concept of eco-efficiencyConcept of eco-efficiency

The WBCSD defines The WBCSD defines eco-efficiency eco-efficiency as “being as “being achieved by the delivery of competitively achieved by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life-cycle to resource intensity throughout the life-cycle to a level at least in line with the Earth’s a level at least in line with the Earth’s estimated carrying capacity“ (WBCSD, 2000)estimated carrying capacity“ (WBCSD, 2000)

In short, it means creating In short, it means creating more value with more value with less impactless impact

Eco-Efficiency Criteria for Eco-Efficiency Criteria for InfrastructureInfrastructure MinimizationMinimization

1.1. Material Intensity of Goods and Services.Material Intensity of Goods and Services.

2.2. Energy Intensity of Goods and Services.Energy Intensity of Goods and Services.

3.3. Toxic Area Dispersion and Implementation Toxic Area Dispersion and Implementation of Recycling System.of Recycling System.

Eco-Efficiency Criteria for Eco-Efficiency Criteria for Infrastructure…….Infrastructure……. MaximizationMaximization

Use of Renewable Resources.Use of Renewable Resources.

Product DurabilityProduct Durability

Service Intensity of Goods and Service Intensity of Goods and Services.Services.

Minimization of Material Intensity Minimization of Material Intensity of Goods and Servicesof Goods and Services Materials requires energy and create Materials requires energy and create

pollution and waste throughout their pollution and waste throughout their lifecycle.lifecycle.

It could be through mining, via refining, It could be through mining, via refining, manufacturing, transport and use.manufacturing, transport and use.

The total mass consumed in the lifecycle of The total mass consumed in the lifecycle of delivering products or services can therefore delivering products or services can therefore be a useful measure of environmental impact be a useful measure of environmental impact in its own right and also a proxy for others.in its own right and also a proxy for others.

Minimization of Material Intensity Minimization of Material Intensity of Goods and Services………of Goods and Services……… Material Intensity of Goods and services Material Intensity of Goods and services

could be measured throughcould be measured through MIPS. MIPS. MIPS (material intensity per service MIPS (material intensity per service

unit)unit) is an indicator based on the is an indicator based on the material flow and the number of material flow and the number of services or utilizations provided. services or utilizations provided. Reducing the MIPS of a product is Reducing the MIPS of a product is equivalent to increasing resource equivalent to increasing resource productivity. productivity.

Minimization of Material Intensity Minimization of Material Intensity of Goods and Services………of Goods and Services………

The material intensity of goods and services The material intensity of goods and services can be reduced throughcan be reduced through

Lean Product Designs.Lean Product Designs. Use of less material intensive raw materials.Use of less material intensive raw materials. Minimization of off-cuts and off-Minimization of off-cuts and off-

specialization products in manufacturingspecialization products in manufacturing Effective re-use and re-cycling of products.Effective re-use and re-cycling of products. Water Conservation. Water Conservation.

Minimization of Energy Intensity Minimization of Energy Intensity of Goods and Servicesof Goods and Services All Stages of the life-cycle of any product or All Stages of the life-cycle of any product or

service requires energy.service requires energy. Production, Distribution and use of this Production, Distribution and use of this

energy create pollution and waste materials energy create pollution and waste materials and generally deplete non-renewable fossil and generally deplete non-renewable fossil fuels.fuels.

Reduction of the Energy Reduction of the Energy Intensity of Goods and Services Intensity of Goods and Services therefore has great environmentaltherefore has great environmental benefits.benefits.

Minimization of Energy Intensity Minimization of Energy Intensity of Goods and Servicesof Goods and ServicesReduction of the Energy Intensity of Goods Reduction of the Energy Intensity of Goods

and Services could be achieved throughand Services could be achieved through Use of Energy Efficient Production and Use of Energy Efficient Production and

distribution processes and equipments.distribution processes and equipments. Exchange of heat between processes.Exchange of heat between processes. Insulation of hot process equipment.Insulation of hot process equipment. Better utilization of Day-Light and Better utilization of Day-Light and

natural ventilation.natural ventilation.

Minimization of Toxic Area Dispersion Minimization of Toxic Area Dispersion

Toxic or otherwise harmful substances Toxic or otherwise harmful substances are of particular environmental concern, are of particular environmental concern, especially when such substances are not especially when such substances are not quickly breakdown in the environment in quickly breakdown in the environment in which they escape or being emitted.which they escape or being emitted.

Reduction of dispersion of toxics from Reduction of dispersion of toxics from the lifecycle of Goods and Services is the lifecycle of Goods and Services is therefore essential.therefore essential.

Minimization of Toxic Area Dispersion……..Minimization of Toxic Area Dispersion……..

Use of safer substitutes that are less Use of safer substitutes that are less toxic or breakdown more easily is the toxic or breakdown more easily is the preferred approach.preferred approach.

Alternatively technical and managerial Alternatively technical and managerial changes may be required to better changes may be required to better contain toxics throughout their lifecycle contain toxics throughout their lifecycle and safely dispose of them after their and safely dispose of them after their use.use.

Implementation of Recycling System.Implementation of Recycling System.

The utilization of material and energy The utilization of material and energy can generally be improved by re-use in can generally be improved by re-use in the same or another system.the same or another system.

Eco-efficiency stress the need of Eco-efficiency stress the need of recycling to minimize the environmental recycling to minimize the environmental impact of their processing.impact of their processing.

Implementation of Recycling Implementation of Recycling System………System………

Recyclability requires products to be Recyclability requires products to be made o recyclable materials, in ways made o recyclable materials, in ways that facilitates their recovery, for that facilitates their recovery, for instance through material marking, instance through material marking, minimization of material diversity and minimization of material diversity and design disassembly vice-versa. Material design disassembly vice-versa. Material specifications in product design should specifications in product design should not unnecessarily disadvantage recycled not unnecessarily disadvantage recycled material.material.

DiscussionDiscussion

How The Efficiency Principles could be How The Efficiency Principles could be applied in Urban Road Projects.applied in Urban Road Projects.

ConclusionConclusion

By ParticipantsBy Participants