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SETTLEMENTS
Places where people live and carry out their everyday activity is known as settlement.
Two types of settlement
Rural settlement Urban settlement
The majority of its inhabitants are involve in activity like farming, fishing, forestry, mining.
The pattern of rural settlement can vary from a single farm to a cluster of houses.(dispersed, linear and nucleated.)
Rural settlement
The majority of people are engage in non –rural activity.
They work in office, shops and factories, operate machinery, provide health care or other services.
urban settlement can be small like 1000 people or can be as large as Tokyo-Yokohama in Japan with over 30million people.
Urban settlement
In the past most of the population lived in rural areas.
Country such as Singapore, Japan, united states of America, Australia, Germany, united kingdom more than three quarter of population were living in urban towns or cities.
These are first world country.
In other countries such as India , China ,Egypt , Nigeria, most people live in rural areas.
These are third world country.
Petronas tower ,Kuala lumpur
In the form of village, surrounded by farms With Small population. Occupation such as forestry, farming ,fishing
mining, tourism. Service provided are in limited range and
mostly for every day needs. Close knit communities and the atmosphere is
quiet. dominance of community feeling.
Characteristic of Rural settlement
In the form of towns and cities. They are large, both in population and area. Has functions such as business,
manufacturing, government cultural center. Wide range of services offered including
specialized service. Like- Unlike rural settlement, neighborhood is
separate with limited knowledge of others. Traffic and pollution problem.
Characteristic of Urban settlement
Services listed are those of the highest level likely to be provided in the different settlements:
Differences in Services between Rural and Urban Settlements
ServiceRural
SettlementsUrban
Settlements
Health Medical clinic Hospital
Education Primary school University
Shopping General store, market Shopping mall
Finance Moneylender, co-operative International bank
Transport Bus service International airport
Changing settlement
Trade increases (farm products).It will attract the entrepreneurs and workers. Hence settling the people from every where.
New and better government policies such as rail and road link it to the other centers. Which requires workers and establish the settlement.
Mineral resource or hotels for tourist may change rural areas into large urban center. Like Kuala lumpur.
Small rural settlement near large urban settlement may become preferred places for people to live. It becomes outer suburb of large settlement.
Dispersed
Linear
Nucleated
Settlement Pattern
Generally surrounded by huge farmland. Suitable for growing crops and raising
livestock. Houses are wide apart.
Settlement may follow the river or road, canal or railways.
It is due to easy access to transport ,fresh water or fishing .
Roads also attract the shops beside the settlement.
Buildings are close around the central point. The central point can be town square,
religious centre, road junction or a mine. There are many reason for the development
of this pattern like water ,mine or a defence site.
Maximum use of land in nucleated setting. Close neighbours are good companion in
times of troubles.