SETTLING DOWN, BUILDING CITIES, & ESTABLISHING

STATES

DOMESTICATION: WHAT IS IT?

Human _______________________of another species With the result that _________________________

Occurred independently in ____________of the globe between ________________________

DOMESTICATION: WHAT IS IT?

Separating sedentism from domestication and agriculture

What is sedentism? _______________________________________ Why is this separate from domestication & agriculture?

PLANT CULTIVATION & AGRICULTURE

Agriculture:

Environments suitable for domesticated species

Agroecology = _____________________which becomes the only environment within which ______________________

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

1. Presence of animal species ___________________

2. __________________between wild and domesticated populations Example: ______________

Larger in ________ relative_______________

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

3. Animal population ______________ Gazelle bones versus sheep & goat bones

4. _______________ of fossilized remains

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

1st animal: ______________ Evidence from Magdalenian cave site ___________________-- as old as 16,000yrs (p187)

Very confident date of domestication: _________ North America & SW Asia

ANIMAL DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

What followed?Sheep Domestication ______________ago SW Asia

Goat Herding ______________SW Asia

Occurred separately -- Why?

______________________________________

DOMESTICATION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

______________to domestication

___________________is not present Not a ______________ for the emergence of __________

One theory we will consider: _____________________

Combined local effect of climate, environment, population, technology, social organization, and/or diet

NATUFIANS

Foragers in ________ Wild cereals, nuts, & wild game

___________ _______________ sedentism

2 dozen villages (~40-150ppl) 1. 2.