Settling the Middle Colonies

Unit 3 Chapter 6 Lesson 1Pages 224-230

Objectives

Identify the location of the Middle Colonies and the people who founded them.

Describe how religion affected the founding of the colonies.

Overview

King Charles II – has established the New England Colonies and colonies in the South

There is a section of land in the middle claimed by the Dutch.

He wants this land!

Middle Colonies

New York

New Jersey

Delaware

Pennsylvania

Farming LandFlat plains, rolling hills, grassy meadows, and thick forestsBetter for farming than in the New England ColoniesLong summers and good rain amountsCrops: Wheat, Corn, and RyeThe FERTILE LAND caused the middle colonies to become known as “The Breadbasket” colonies

Water SourcesSeveral large harbors along the Atlantic OceanHarbors were connected to the regions waterways: Hudson & Delaware RiversRivers went far inland making trade easierThis attracted many colonists to the region

The Netherlands

Remember: The Dutch controlled New Netherland (Hudson Valley – New York)Dutch did not come to the new worldLife was prosperous in the Netherlands unlike in England where there was religious conflict and economic turmoil

A New Leader

Dutch West India Company – controlled New NetherlandSent Peter Stuyvesant as the new leader to increase profits and govern the colony1650 – he expanded into New Jersey and Delaware, but still needed more people

New ColonistsDutch West India Company opened up their colony to many people:

BelgiumDenmarkFranceItalySpainNew settlers included the first group of Jews

Africans in New Netherland

Enslaved Africans also were in the colonySome were free, but had to pay yearly to stay free1660 – Stuyvesant gave land on Manhattan to about 40 former enslaved peopleThis land became New Netherland’s first community of FREE AFRICANS

English want control

1664 – King Charles II gave his brother James, the Duke of York the land between Maine and the Delaware River

This land included New Netherland

WAR???

The Duke of York sent 4 warships to take over New NetherlandStuyvesant wanted to fight, but the colonist did not want to due to lack of people and gun powderStuyvesant surrendered New Netherland to the English without a gun shot being fired.

Dutch Colony Split New York

Duke of York keeps for himselfNew Amsterdam becomes NYCDutch stayed and were promised fair treatment

New JerseyThe Duke gives NJ to his friends, John Berkeley and George CarteretOffer land at low pricesMost that come are with the Quakers known as the “Society of Friends”

QuakersBelieved ALL people were equalRefused to fight in wars or swear loyalty to any kingThousands of Quakers were forced to leave England1674- group bought land from Berkeley and found Salem, NJ The first Quaker settlement

Pennsylvania and Delaware

1681 – King Charles II gave a charter to William Penn, an English Quaker

Penn was the proprietor (or owner) of what is now Pennsylvania

A New Plan of Government (PA)

Penn got the land due to money owed his father

Pennsylvania = Penn’s Woods

Penn wanted all people to live peacefully in PA

He wanted Native American’s to be treated with JUSTICE

Pennsylvania Government1682 – wrote by Penn THE FRAME OF GOVENRMENT OF PENNSYLVANIAThe plan set up a legislature called the General AssemblyLater wrote Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges – allowed white men to elect representatives to the Assembly

Citizens had the following privileges:

Freedom of speechFreedom of religionRight to a fair trial by a jury

Trial By Jury -group of citizen decides if a person is guilty or innocent of the crime

Delaware

Duke of York gave Penn control of the land that makes up Delaware in 1682

Penn gave the colony its own assembly in 1704

Relations with Native Americans

Penn wanted to live together in peace with the Native Americans1682 – met with TAMANEND and other Lenni Lenape leadersPenn paid them for the land that King Charles had given himHe built long lasting relationships with the Native Americans

The first Quaker settlement in North America was founded here.

NEW JERSEY

William Penn was the proprietor of Pennsylvania and this colony?

DELAWARE

James, Duke of York, gave this land to John Berkeley and George Carteret.

NEW JERSEY

William Penn’s frame of government for this colony gave its citizens important rights.

PENNSYLVANIA

Before its name was changed, it was the Dutch colony of New Netherland.

NEW YORK

What geographical advantage helped the Middle Colonies become known as the “breadbasket” colonies?

FERTILE SOIL

“Many Quakers settled in the Middle Colonies in hopes of finding a refuge”What does the word refuge mean in this sentence?

A SAFE PLACE

What was Pennsylvania’s document of self-government?

THE FRAME OF GOVERNMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Which Native American leader did William Penn form a long-lasting peace?

TAMANEND

Why were the port cities important in the Middle Colonies?

MAJOR TRADE CENTERS

Why is New York City a good location for a port?

See map on page 229

It was built on the mouth of the Hudson River, on New York Harbor

What is one right or freedom that William Penn gave colonists in Pennsylvania?

FREEDOM OF SPEECHFREEDOM OF RELIGIONTHE RIGHT OT A TRIAL BY JURY

What is one major difference between the Middle colonies and the New England colonies?

MIDDLE COLONIES WERE HOME TO A MIX OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES DID NOT PRACTICE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE.