Sewage Energy
Team Hoof Hearted Trevor Akers
Kimberly Caleon Chris Chapman Lee Ellington
Andres Gonzales Jose Zummar
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[1] http://mittenstateblog.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html
Sewage Quote of the Day
“Man is the only creature that seems to have the time and energy to pump all his sewage out to sea, and then go swimming in it” ~ Miles Kington
Presentation Overview
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[1] http://www.outhousegraffiti.com/oh_art.html
History
Algae Facts
Different/Alternative Uses
Future and Practical Implementations
Business Perspective
Conclusion/Summary
Sources
Engineering Works Clip http://engineeringworks.tamu.edu/2011/06/
Brief History of Toilets
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[1] http://belgiumbarb.blogspot.com/2009/08/sunday-at-hoensbroek-castle.html
Pre 8000 B.C. – Squatting behind a tree
8000 B.C. – Indoor plumbing
3000 B.C. – Flush Toilets with overhead reservoirs
2000 B.C. – First in house designated restroom
1800 A.D. – Storm sewers enlarged
1900 A.D. – Sewage treatment facilities (1)
History of Algae Energy 1942 -
German discovery of algae energy
1950s - MIT grow on large
scale
1978 – feds introduce aquatic species program
1996 – oil prices low and secure
government closes down aquatic
species program
2005 – Hurricane
Katrina sends oil prices
skyrocketing
2007 – Government sets new mandates
for alternative energy (Energy
Independence and Security Act)
2009 – Government dumps $800
million into bio fuels
2010 – Joule pilot plant in
Texas
2011 - Joule starts
piloting diesel
production
(1)www.aurorainc.com/the-history-of-biodiesel-algae
Aquatic Species Program 1978
First Algae program 3,000 species Co2 eliminator
1978 Carter Presidency 1978 to 1982 hydrogen
1985 switch focus to biodiesel 1995 closed down
(2) http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf
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Energy Independence and Security Act 2007
Hybrid incentives
Out dated energy devices -Appliances -Light Bulbs
$500 million in grants for algae -Universities -Companies
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(6) www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/partner/stoel-rives-6442/news/article/2008/01/eisa-of-2007-calls-for-additional-production-of-biofuels-51063
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Joule Cutting Edge Algae 2011
(7)www.jouleunlimited.com/why-solar-fuel/overview#biotech
Advanced genomes
Closed system
Highly competitive costs $20/bbl and $0.60/gallon
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Making Fuel from Sludge
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBLVAif0hKU
Sewage Can Heat Your Home!
Sewage contains 10 times the energy needed to treat it.
Stockholm’s bus company uses biogas to run at least 30 buses.
Stockholm’s energy company provides hot water and heat to 80,000 apartments by applying heat recovery pumps to treated sewage.
Tokyo turns dewatered sewage sludge into fuel charcoal for thermal power generation.
(1) http://astronlogia.com/2009/06/11/numerology-10/ (2) http://www.stromma.se/en/STOCKHOLM/Tours/City-Sightseeing/Combination-Tours/Stockholm-in-a-nutshell/ (3) http://allgreen.com/site/index.php?option=com_moofaq&Itemid=337 (4) http://www.busytrade.com/selling-leads/573832/Charcoal-fuel.html
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From Sewage to Methane: Anaerobic Respiration
1. Hydrolysis
2. Acidogenesis
3. Acetogenesis
4. Methanogenesis
H2O H+ + OH-
Monomers Fatty Acids
Fatty Acids CH3COOH + CO2 + H2
CH3COOH → CH4 + CO2
(1) http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-aerobic-and-anaerobic-cellular-respiration/
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Sewage Can Fuel Your Car! Extracted oil from sewage sludge can be converted into gasoline and natural gas.
1 ton of sludge = 30 kg (66 lbs) of extracted oil
Pulp, agricultural waste, plastic, and tire can also be converted into oil.
The process is conceptually similar to how some companies extract oil from shale.
(1) http://musclecarclub.com/petrol/ (2) http://www.thecrosshairstrader.com/2009/02/help-wanted-oil-inventory-analyst/ (3) http://tiresforsaleonline.org/ (4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale
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[1] Sludge Pellets: http://www.thestar.com/Article/459085
• ASH DEC Technology to produce phosphate fertilizers
• Lower contaminants and higher yield
• Meets standards. • High Quality
Fertilizer From Sewage Sludge
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• Incineration • Ash and Chlorine are mixed
(Pellet Press) • Thermal Reactor at 1000˚ C
(20 min) • 98% clean (phosphorous
granules), 2% retained as metal concentrate
• Enriched with N, K, S, or P.
[1] http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/reuse-and-recharge/hardware/reuse-urine-and-faeces-agriculture/ferti-0
Process
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• Raw material (Portland) • Mineral filling • Arizona Copper Recovery • Brick Manufacturing • Landfilled in the U.S.
(2 )http://www.phosphaterecovery.com/news/current-news/from-sewage-sludge-to-fertilizer/1196
[1] http://schoolworkhelper.net/2011/06/landfill-sites-selection-types-techniques/
Sewage Sludge Ash
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• Award for BioPetrol (Israel) • Up to $150 a ton to dispose. • 1 ton = 30 kilograms of light oil. • Dry sludge + catalysts + heat = hydrocarbon
fuels. • Building Prototype Facility.
[1] http://www.bio-petrol.com/main.html#market
Butanol From Sewage Sludge
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• Microbial Fuel Cells • Conversion of sludge to oil and gas • Biomass Crops • Hydrogen from Sewage
Future Implementations
http://cdn3.digitaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/hydrogen-poered-sewage.jpg
http://www.renewable-energy-news.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/nyc-plans-to-generate-renewable-energy-from-sewage-treatment-plants.jpg
Microbial Fuel Cells
http://img.tomshardware.com/us/2008/01/03/bacteria_powered_microbial_fuel_cell_prove_viable_form_of_electricity_generation/microbial_fuel_cell.jpg
Microbial Fuel Cell Pilot
http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/www/images/stories/Pilot/5024-017%20(Small).jpg
http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/www/images/stories/Pilot/5024-022%20(Small).jpg
Energy Production & It’s Impact on Society
• Why is it important? • Environmental Impacts? • Why should we care?
[1] http://gizmodo.com/assets/resources/2007/05/1TurboToiletSWNS_468x458.jpg
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West Point Wastewater Treatment Plant
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1-MW Fuel Cell
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The Big Picture
Location of large wastewater treatment plants. [8]
• Sludge treatment = Expense or Revenue? • Average 35$/ton of Sludge
• Sludge can be capitalized
• Fertilizer • Methane • Oil • Butane
[1] (1) http://getentrepreneurial.com/archives/how-small-business-owners-can-go-green-and-save-green/ (2) http://floridanetroots.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/money.jpg
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Wastewater Treatment from a Business Perspective
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Sludge Money in America • Annual Sludge Per Capita
• 64.4 lbs • Estimated Dry Solids per Year
• 65 Million Metric Tons • Current Sludge End Uses
• Combined Disposal – 45% • Land Application – 49% • Reuse – 6%
[2] (1) http://www.bessbyers.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/AmericanFlag.jpg
Sludge Money in America (1)
• Example : Plant in Germany uses • High rate Digestion with Microfiltration instead of Aerobic
treatment ( US Favorite) • Produces Biogas to operate the plant
• Saves 70k Euros/year on energy • Costs Less energy thus saving another 100k/year • Average savings of 170k/year while making sludge cleaner
[3] (1) http://bluecakesblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/German-Map-Flag.jpg
German Sludge Treatment (1)
• China Sewage Treatment Industry Report 2010 -2011
• Sewage Discharge Increases by about 1.8 BILLION tons per year • Treatment Rate Grew from 52% to 75% in 5 years
Daily treatment capacity (million m3).[4]
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(1) http://pakamstudies.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/china-flag-map.png
Chinese Sludge Treatment
• Programa de Aceleracao de Crescimento • Wastewater treatment market was worth about $126m (€89m) in
2008 • Disinfection market in Brazil worth $13.5m in 2008 • Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.5% until 2015.
[6] (1) http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/map_of_brazil_with_flag.png
Brazilian Sludge Treatment (1)
Indian Sludge Treatment
• Va Tech Wabagh – Leading Industry Leader • 50% Growth in 3 years
• Indian Oil Corporation • Recycles 150 million liters/day required to run plant
• Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd • became self-sufficient in its daily water requirements
All receive Funding from Asian Development Bank, World Bank and
Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)
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(1) http://www.roopenroy.com/india_flag_map.png
Indian Sludge Treatment (1)
References 1. http://mittenstateblog.blogspot.com/2010_06_01_archive.html 2. http://belgiumbarb.blogspot.com/2009/08/sunday-at-hoensbroek-castle.html 3. http://www.outhousegraffiti.com/oh_art.html 4. http://curiosity.discovery.com/question/what-history-sewage-treatment-systems 5. http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env149/lesson16.htm 6. http://www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLATE=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=9898 7. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090813142345.htm 8. http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2011/6141.html 9. http://www.researchinchina.com/UpLoads/ArticleFreePartPath/20110615140349.pdf 10. http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/07/27/9233722/brazils-industrial-and-waste-water-treatment-market-is-
burgeoning.html 11. http://www.thermaxindia.com/Media/Thermax-in-the-News/Money-floods-into-wastewater-treatment.aspx 12. www.aurorainc.com/the-history-of-biodiesel-algae/ 13. www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf 14. www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/david_berry_profile/page8 15. www.tomorrowisgreener.com/tag/biofuel-from-algae/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_Species_Program 16. www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/partner/stoel-rives-6442/news/article/2008/01/eisa-of-2007-calls-for-
additional-production-of-biofuels-51063 17. www.jouleunlimited.com/why-solar-fuel/overview#biotech 18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBLVAif0hKU 19. http://www.enn.com/press_releases/2505 20. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071210103934.htm 21. http://news.cnet.com/Turning-sewage-sludge-into-gasoline/2100-11389_3-6089033.html
References 1. http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env149/lesson16.htm 2. http://www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&TEMPLAT
E=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&CONTENTID=9898 3. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/08/090813142345.ht
m 4. http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2011/6141.html 5. http://www.researchinchina.com/UpLoads/ArticleFreePartPath/20
110615140349.pdf 6. http://www.icis.com/Articles/2009/07/27/9233722/brazils-
industrial-and-waste-water-treatment-market-is-burgeoning.html 7. http://www.thermaxindia.com/Media/Thermax-in-the-
News/Money-floods-into-wastewater-treatment.aspx 8. http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/bamf_wastewater.pdf