Sexually transmitted

diseases (STD)A.THANGAMANI RAMALINGAM

PT, MSc(PSY),PGDRM, ACspss, MIAP

STD Infection or disease that can be passed from one person to

another during sexual activity.

It may include chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis,

genital herpes, scabies, pubic lice (crabs), hepatitis,

Trichomoniasis, HPV and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS)

The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites, yeast, and

viruses.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a bacterial infection-Neisseria gonorrhoeae-the clap/drip

cloudy or bloody discharge from the penis or vagina

Painful urination

Itching

Gonococcal conjuctivitis

complications of gonorrhea -skin pustules or petechia, septic arthritis, meningitis, or endocarditis

infertility

affecting the infant's eyes-ophthalmia neonatorum.

Symptoms after 2 days to 3

weeks after infection.

pelvic inflammatory disease

(PID)

Cephalosporins

/azythromycin/doxycycline

Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection.-"the great imitator" as it may cause symptoms similar to many other diseases

infection by Treponema pallidum

The disease affects genitals, skin and mucous membranes, but it can also involve many other parts of your body, including your brain and your heart.

syphilis may occur in four stages — primary, secondary, latent and tertiary

Neurosyphilis

There is a 9 to 90 day incubation period after initial infection -average time 21 days, before the initial signs and symptoms of the disease emerge.

a syphilis sore (painless)known as a chancre, commonly occurs on the vulva, vagina, anus, or penis.

Late-stage syphilis is a serious illness. Heart problems, neurologic problems, and tumorsmay occur, leading to brain damage, blindness, paralysis, and even death

HIV HIV is an infection with the

human immunodeficiency virus. HIV interferes body's ability to fight viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause illness, and it can lead to AIDS, a chronic, life-threatening disease.

(HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A partial listing of opportunistic organisms includes:

Aspergillus sp.

Candida albicans

Clostridium difficile

Coccidioides immitis

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptosporidium

Cytomegalovirus

Geomyces destructans (bats)

Histoplasma capsulatum

Isospora belli

Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus, the virus that causes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Kaposi's Sarcoma caused by Human herpesvirus8 (HHV8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)

Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)

Microsporidium

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. hominis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Salmonella

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pyogenes Toxoplasma gondii

Diagnosis ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) antibody

blood test. If the sample tests positive for HIV, the more-accurate Western blot antibody blood test or an HIV nucleic acid test (viral load or HIV DNA PCR) is performed to confirm a diagnosis

VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) blood test or RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) blood test, (FTA-ABS) Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption antibody blood test or (TPHA) T. pallidum hemagglutination assay, to confirm a positive finding on the VDRL or RPR test

laboratory testing of cervical, vaginal or penile secretions /urine test

Physiotherapy SWD

TENS

Moist heat

PFM exercises

Relaxation -EMG bio feed

back

Pulmonary rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation

Neuromuscular rehabilitation

Therapeutic exercises

ETT/fitness /aerobic exercises

Balance and coordination training

Vocational training

Counselling

Recreational therapies

Physiotherapy evaluation

Components of Physical Fitness Health-Related Physical

Fitness Components

Body Composition

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Muscle flexibility and

endurance

Skill-Related Physical

Fitness Components

• Power

• Speed

• Coordination

• Balance

Cardiorespiratory Endurance VO2max

Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular

Endurance Run (PACER) test

Mile run or mile walk test

Cycle ergometer

20-meter endurance shuttle run

Cardiopulmonary

assessment

Neurological assessment

Rehabilitation

Cardiac rehab protocol

Pulmonary rehabilitation protocol

Goals of rehabilitation

Preventive Restorative

Supportive Palliative

Physical Psychological

Social Economical/vocational

Quality of Life

References

http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2014/2014-std-guidelines-

peer-reviewers-08-20-2014.pdf

CDC. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines.

MMWR. 2010;59 (No. RR-12).

ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and

Gynaecologists) site

CDC. Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of

Gonorrhoea, Chlamydia and Syphilis. Available at

http://www.aphl.org/aphlprograms/infectious/std/Pages/stdtes

tingguidelines.aspx.